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Charybdis and Scylla

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"We rowed on. The Rocks were now behind; Charybdis, too, and Scylla dropped astern." (line 140-142)

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-Sirens are sea nymphs that sing beautiful songs to lure men to their death.
-Charybdis is a monster that's the personification of a dangerous whirlpool.
-Scylla is a dangerous 6-headed sea monster.  She eats a few of Odysseus's men.

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Sirens Singing to Odysseus

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When Odysseus hears the singing of the sirens, he shouts at his crew to untie the rope that's binding him. However, they ignore him.

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"First, he’d meet the sirens, who lure sailors to their deaths with a beautiful song; then, the many-headed Scylla, who lurks in a cave on a high cliff above a ship-devouring whirlpool named Charybdis. She instructed him to steer toward Scylla and not try to fight back." (paragraph 4 in the italics on page 858)

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"Going forward I carried wax along the line, and laid it thick on their ears. They tied me up, then, plumb amidships, back to the mast, lashed to the mast, and took themselves again to rowing." (line 42-46)

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Because of his warnings from Circe, Odysseus knew to shun the sirens, and steer clear of Scylla.

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Circe advised Odysseus to avoid Charybdis and not fight back against Scylla. So, Odysseus tells his men to steer towards Scylla so they don't get caught in the whirlpool. As a result, 6 of his men get killed by Scylla, but Odysseus's crew keeps rowing on until they're away from danger.

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Lotus Eaters

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The Land of the Dead

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The Lotus Plant

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Odysseus takes softened beeswax and puts it in his men's ears so that they don't hear the singing of the sirens. Then, Odysseus orders his men to tie him up so tightly that he cannot escape the ship when he hears the singing.

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Odysseus wants to make sure that his crew won't get lured by the sirens, since their ship will get wrecked and they'll die if they do.

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Role in the Story: Charybdis and Scylla 

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Role in the Story: Charybdis and Scylla 

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When Odysseus and his men come across them, there's Charybdis on one side and Scylla on the other. So, their ship is in the middle of a very dangerous combo.

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Circe

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Tiresias

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"There he learned from the blind prophet, Tiresias, that he would eventually return home, but that he must not injure the cattle of the sun god Helios." (paragraph 4 in the italics on page 858)

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Tiresias is the blind prophet that Odysseus meets when he ventures into the underworld because of Circe.

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Circe is an enchantress that lives on the island of Aeaea.

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Circe repeats the warning that Odysseus heard when he was in the land of the dead (to not injure Helios's cattle). She also warns him about:
-sirens
-Scylla
-Charybdis

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"Upon Odysseus’s return from the land of the dead, Circe repeated this warning and described the dangers that Odysseus would encounter." (paragraph 4 in the italics on page 858)

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Circe makes Odysseus journey to the land of the dead before his men can be set free. Once he comes back, Circe warns him of the dangers he'll face in the future.

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Odysseus's crew lands in a forested island. Circe lures some of his men into her house and turns them into pigs. Odysseus rescues them with a herb from Hermes, but Circe doesn't let them leave until a year later.

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"...knowing none but savage ways, a brute
so huge, he seemed no man at all of those
who eat good wheaten bread; but he seemed rather a shaggy mountain reared in solitude." (lines 80-83)

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The Cyclopes are known for having only one eye, as well as being gigantic in size. Odysseus describes them as antisocial and shaggy.

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Polyphemus

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"Let him lose all companions, and return under strange sail to bitter days at home." (lines 460-461)

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"My name is Nohbdy: mother, father, and friends, everyone calls me Nohbdy." (line 273-274) Odysseus says this so that when the other Cyclopes ask Polyphemus who's harming him, it'll sound like 'Nohbdy' (nobody) is harming him.

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Odysseus gets Polyphemus drunk so he can blind him. He and his men wait until morning when Polyphemus has to let out his rams. They escape by hanging on to the bottom of the rams' stomachs.

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Odysseus decides to go to the land of the Cyclopes. He and his men go to Polyphemus's house, but when they get discovered, Polyphemus eats his men one by one.

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Polyphemus is the Cyclops that Odysseus meets in this journey. He is a son of Poseidon. When Odysseus and his men escape, he prays to Poseidon to make Odysseus suffer.

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Odysseus forcefully drags them back to the ship and ties them to their benches. Then, they leave the island.

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Calypso

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"They fell in, soon enough, with Lotus Eaters,
who showed no will to do us harm, only
45 offering the sweet Lotus to our friends—
but those who ate this honeyed plant, the Lotus,
never cared to report, nor to return:
they longed to stay forever, browsing on
that native bloom, forgetful of their homeland." (line 43-49)

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The Lotus Eaters give sweet Lotus plants to Odysseus's crew, but after eating one, they only want to eat more and more.

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After Calypso gets a special order all the way from Mount Olympus, she gives in to letting Odysseus go, and she helps him build a raft to sail.

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"I shall not see on earth a place more dear, though I have been detained long by Calypso..." (line 18-19)

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Odysseus arrives at Calypso's island, and he is captured by Calypso, who detains Odysseus without letting him leave.

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Mind Map 1

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Odysseus is warned by Tiresias in the land of the dead that he can't injure Helios's cattle.