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The integumentary system covers the surface of the embryo (skin) and its specialized skin structures including hair, nails, sweat glands, mammary glands and teeth.

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This dry, dead layer helps prevent the penetration of microbes and the dehydration of underlying tissues, and provides a mechanical protection against abrasion for the more delicate, underlying layers

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are tissue-resident macrophages of the skin, and contain organelles called Birbeck granules. They are present in all layers of the epidermis and are most prominent in the stratum spinosum.

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The basal cell layer is the innermost layer of the epidermis, comprising the keratinocytes and melanocytes. Keratinocytes play an important role in providing skin structure and in functioning of the immune system. Melanin is a pigment produced by melanocytes, and is responsible for providing the skin color.

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the deepest layer of the epidermis (closest to the dermis). It consists of a single layer of columnar or cuboidal cells which rest on the basement membrane. Basal cells are the stem cells of the epidermis.

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The cells are often separated by narrow, translucent clefts. These clefts are spanned by spine-like cytoplasmatic extensions of the cells (hence the name of the layer and of its cells: spinous cells), which interconnect the cells of this layer. Spines of cells meet end-to-end or side-to-side and are attached to each other by desmosomes.

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the first line of defense against bacteria entering

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Are aroused by stimulation of end organs in the skin.

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the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries

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Provides nutrients for the skin

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a thin layer of cells in the epidermis. Keratinocytes migrating from the underlying stratum spinosum become known as granular cells in this layer.

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a thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis named for its translucent appearance under a microscope. It is readily visible by light microscopy only in areas of thick skin, which are found on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.

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the outer layer of your epidermis (skin). It's made up of mostly keratin and lipids. The visible cells shed and are replaced from the lower epidermal layers. The cells have a 2-week cycle in the stratum corneum.

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receptor cell in the stratum basale of the epidermis that responds to the sense of touch keratinocyte

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The skin is the body’s largest waste removal system. Toxins are released through the sweat glands and pores.

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The integumentary system is the set of organs that forms the external covering of the body and protects it from many threats such as infection, desiccation, abrasion, chemical assault and radiation damage

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The integumentary system helps regulate body temperature through its tight association with the sympathetic nervous system, the division of the nervous system involved in our fight-or-flight responses.

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Integumentary sensory organs are densely distributed on the jaws of crocodilians and on body scales of members of the families Crocodilidae and Gavialidae. The less densely innervated caudal margins of the jaws had larger receptive fields and higher thresholds.