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Position Paper: Occupational Therapy and Assistive Technology

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Position Paper: Occupational Therapy and Assistive Technology

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"The American Occupational Therapy Association asserts that occupational therapy services are important in the application of technology to habilitation and rehabilitation. Occupational therapy uses low-technology assistive devices (i.e., devices without electronic components, such as reachers, key guards, and position ing systems) and high-technology assistive devices (i.e., devices with more complex electronic components, such as microprocessor-controlled wheelchairs, environmental control units, and augmentative communication sys tems) to ensure maximum independence in activities of daily living, work/school activities, and play; leisure activities. In this document, the term assistive technology devices means "any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, main tain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities" (Technology-Related Assistance for Individuals With Disabilities Act of 1988 [Public Law 100--407]). This paper addresses the use of assistive technology devices with persons who have sensorimotor and cognitive dysfunction.

Historically, occupational therapy has used technologi cal devices in the provision of assessment and intervention services. The Association recognizes that continuing technological advances have a significant impact on the use of these devices in occupational therapy practice. Professional and technical education prepares the occupational therapy practitioner to assess the individual's need for technological assistance. However, the rapid change in the availability and complexity of technological devices necessitates that practitioners pursue continuing education so that they can apply new technology and new devices to the needs of persons with disabilities.

The occupational therapist assesses a person's sensorimotor, cognitive, and psychosocial abilities to determine the assistive technology that will enable him or her to safely perform activities of daily living, work/school activities, and play; leisure activities. During the assessment process, the therapist also considers the person's environmental constraints and life-style to ensure a useful and appropriate application of technology. The occupational therapist's unique ability to analyze the person's capabilities, the task, and the environment ensures compatibility between the person and the assistive technology used to meet that person's needs.

The occupational therapy practitioner provides a broad range of services in the application of technology, including identification, evaluation, recommendation, procurement, fit, modification, training, and follow-up. The occupational therapy assistant works under the supervision of the occupational therapist in specified service provision tasks. The occupational therapy practition er's understanding of the disabled person's everyday functional needs and abilities enables the practitioner to provide input into the design, development, and clinical application of new technological devices.

It is important that information and knowledge from many areas be coordinated in the application of technology. The occupational therapy practitioner routinely collaborates with individual team members (e.g., rehabilitation engineer, rehabilitation technologist, speech language pathologist, teacher) to assess each person's unique needs and to apply the appropriate technology. The occupational therapist's orientation toward the provision of adaptive solutions, coupled with an understand ing of the person's impairments and the task's demands, places the occupational therapist in the unique position of coordinating the application of technology services. Training and follow-up are coordinated with the person, the family or caregiver, and other professionals involved in the person's care.

Decisions regarding technological assistance are guided by ethical considerations such as the person's values and needs, long-range cost-effectiveness, and use fulness. The application of technology is not an end in itself, but is part of an ongoing therapeutic process. Technology and the new tools it offers to simplify work and extend human performance serve occupational therapy in its most traditional and enduring dimension-helping humans toward independence by assisting them in the process of adaptation."
Reference
Deterding, C., Youngstrom, M. J., & Dunn, W. (1991). Position paper: Occupational therapy and assistive technology. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 45(12), 1076. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.45.12.1076

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What is Assistive technology? How does this fit into occupational therapy's scope of practice?

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What is Assistive technology? How does this fit into occupational therapy's scope of practice?

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As found in the Assistive Technology Act of 2004, it "defines assistive technology as 'any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities'" (American Occupational Therapy Association, 2018). The use of assistive technology (AT) fits into the occupational therapy scope of practice as a means to enhance or enable the client's engagement in an occupation that is client-centered and evidence-based. For instance, the use of a powered wheelchair to enable the client's engagment in transportation. The use of assistive technology can be used as a bridge between "what the client wants and needs to do and what the client is capable of doing" (American Occupational Therapy Association, 2018). It is then that the occupational therapist uses their expertise to design, fabricate, apply, modify, and provide the training necessary to use the assistive technologies in their intervention to promote the client's participation in their desired occupations. It is important to remember that occupational therapists do play an important role in selecting the most advantageous AT based on their evaluation of the client's contexts and goals as compared to their motivation and performance skills, along with other factors that hinder or facilitate their engagement in their desired occupation. For instance, what is their environment like that may prevent them from using the wheelchair or is there a power wheelchair that is even available to them. One of occupational therapy's interventions is advocacy, which can be used to help the client get the appropriate AT they need, ultimately improving their functional capabilities to live life as they want and need.

References

American Occupational Therapy Association (2018). The reference manual of the official documents of the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc (23rd ed.). Bethesda, MD: Author.

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Assistive technology: “any item, piece of equipment or product system whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified or customized that is used to increase, maintain or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities.” -PL 108-364 (Assistive Technology Act of 2004) (PL = Public Law)

1990 passive of American Disabilities Act - everywhere must be accessible

Low technology:  devices that are inexpensive, simple to make and easy to obtain

High technology: devices that are expensive, difficult to make and take longer to obtain

Universal Design: products, communications, and the built environment made more useable by as many people as possible at little or no extra cost

EADL:  electronic aids to daily living- allows the child to interact with and manipulate one or more electronic appliances (CD, radio, TV, fan, etc.)

AAC: Alternative and augmentative communication= defined as communication that does not require speech and that can be individualized to the unique needs of the child                                                                                                                             (low tech = PECS picture exchange communication system to high tech computer devices)

Input: device for accessing computers (e.g., standard keyboard)

Output:  product or outcome that is produced when using a computer (e.g., braille, voice output)

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Baby Mozart:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.babyrelaxchannel.lullabies3&hl=en_US&gl=US

Relax Melodies:
https://www.calm.com/?gclid=CjwKCAiA4o79BRBvEiwAjteoYDvQKUk5tCUmMRZ-NCY5EeFcxLahBJlS_cuwB2dwfLFPzfPD57R7TRoC7PMQAvD_BwE

White noise:
https://mynoise.net

Calm app:
https://www.calm.com/?gclid=CjwKCAiA4o79BRBvEiwAjteoYDvQKUk5tCUmMRZ-NCY5EeFcxLahBJlS_cuwB2dwfLFPzfPD57R7TRoC7PMQAvD_BwE

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Kurzweil:
https://www.kurzweiledu.com/default.html

Natural Reader:
https://www.naturalreaders.com

Audible:
https://www.audible.com

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Speechify:
https://www.getspeechify.com/

Clarospeak:
https://www.clarosoftware.com/portfolio/clarospeak/

Voice memos:
https://apps.apple.com/us/app/voice-memos/id1069512134

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Kidspiration: https://learningworksforkids.com/apps/kidspiration/

Evernote:
https://evernote.com

Mindmeister:
https://www.mindmeister.com

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Many ideas for AT equipment and adapting!

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Many ideas for AT equipment and adapting!

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Pinterest!!

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American Journal of Occupational Therapy, August 2016, Vol. 70, 7012410030. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2016.706S02
or
American Occupational Therapy Association (2018). The reference manual of the official documents of the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc (23rd ed.). Bethesda, MD: Author.
- Pages 473-481

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Durable Medical Equipment Coverage for Medicare

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Durable Medical Equipment Coverage for Medicare

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https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/durable-medical-equipment-dme-coverage

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"Whether it's getting a loan for an essential piece of adaptive equipment, learning how to improve independence at home, helping non-verbal students communicate, or simply knowing what your options are; we guarantee you will learn something useful when you experience our AT (assistive technology) services."

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All Programs and Services

Whether it's getting a loan for an essential piece of adaptive equipment, learning how to improve independence at home, helping non-verbal students communicate, or simply knowing what your options are; we guarantee you will learn something useful when you experience our AT (assistive technology) services.

You decide your goals and outcomes; our experts just help bridge the gap to get you there!

Augmentative Communication Specialists (AAC) work with adults and students with congenital or acquired disabilities who have difficulty using speech for communication.

AT and AAC experts help ensure that students are integrated in the classroom to reach their IEP goals. Using a variety of high-tech and low-tech equipment, our experts will help you meet your students curriculum and communication needs.

Easterseals Independent Living Program offers services that provide assistive technology in the home with the goal of improving the ability of individuals with significant disabilities to live independently and safely. We also offer expert ergonomics evaluations/trainings, which are essential for preventing injury and disability working from home.

This program provides access to zero & low interest loans for the purchase of assistive devices and services to improve the quality of life for people with disabilities.

People with and without disabilities and their families can see, touch, and borrow assistive technology devices for free in order to make more informed decisions regarding the technology that will meet their needs.

Easterseals MA delivers workshops and other virtual trainings as part of our comprehensive array of assistive technology services.

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Whether it's getting a loan for an essential piece of adaptive equipment, learning how to improve independence at home, helping non-verbal students communicate, or simply knowing what your options are; we guarantee you will learn something useful when you experience our AT (assistive technology) services.

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"Featured annually in eight North American cities, the Expos are free, three-day, all-access passports to the latest products, cutting-edge tech, informative workshops and adaptive activities."

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Ashley B., Streamwood, IL

"This was a truly wonderful expo. I was able to learn a lot of new information about programs, products, and services available that I now share with the clients I work with. I recommend this expo to others every year. Absolutely worth attending."

Sandy T., Staten Island, NY

"Every year we have a blast. So many interesting people and so many new products!"

David S., Los Angeles, CA

"We love the Expo for new ways of solving everyday challenges. We go every year. There's always something new, something you missed last year, or something you weren't ready for, but you're ready for now."

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Abilities | Serving the Community since 1979

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"This was a truly wonderful expo. I was able to learn a lot of new information about programs, products, and services available that I now share with the clients I work with. I recommend this expo to others every year. Absolutely worth attending." "Every year we have a blast.

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Client has low vision and is using a cell phone.
Low Tech Idea: For this client, the brightness on the cell phone needs to be turned all the way up. In order to see the contact list accurately, the client can make the font as large as they see fit. The text color should be black and the background of the phone should be white. The person with low vision can also utilize the Siri accessory and say, "Siri call _____." I feel like these are easy to use even though they could be considered high tech, they are becoming more mainstream.
High Tech Idea: I guess a high tech idea could also be Siri. I feel like Siri qualifies as low tech and high tech. Another idea for high tech is having a screen that has a built in magnifying system (not a magnifying glass that is separate).

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Type of phone: Cell Phone
Factor: Low Vision
For low technology adaptations, there are many built in features that can be used with a smart phone device in order to make a phone call with low vision. For example, an individual can utilize the Siri feature to make a command such as “Call John” or “Call ###-###-####”. Smart phones also give access to talk-to-text features and setting features to change brightness/text size and font. However, smart phones lack the tactile input that may be helpful for individuals with low vision. Therefore, there are options for cell phones with full keyboards that are easy to navigate through touch and also have auditory features that can provide additional feedback to the client. As for higher technology options, these would include cell phones outside of the standard phones in stores and those made specifically for individuals who have low vision or who are blind. There are many different brands of cell phones that have low vision features, a few can be found on Independent Living Aids, LLC website (link below). Cell phones featured include BlindShell Talking Cell Phone which has a full keyboard (not touch screen, for tactile feedback), large display screen with large, bold, customizable font, and all keys, commands, features are spoken and can be controlled by voice commands. Ray Accessible SmartPhone has touch screen features in which the client places their hand on the approximate center of the screen and drags their finger in a certain direction to activate one of the eight possible applications which are all spoken for the client to find which application they wish to use.
https://www.independentliving.com/category/cell-phones

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For this discussion, I chose to focus on expressive aphasia and using a cell phone.  Cell phones these days are generally all smart phones whether it is an android or apple.  Having a cell phone like this will really help with the high tech option.  There are so many apps out there that can assist in helping these clients better communicate.   These high tech apps are expensive, but for good reason as they offer a wide variety of options for the client to be able to communicate what they want to say.  They can make the call and open the app at the same time which makes it so easy!  As for low tech, all I could come up with really was the free apps.  These offer the same thing as the high tech, just not as many options to get across what you want to say.
As a side note, there is a free app called Medlert 911.  This will contact first responders or the client's family with the click of a finger.  I think this is an amazing option for anyone who has a compatible device.

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I chose to adapt a landline for someone with arthritis. Due to their condition the client will likely have trouble with pressing the buttons on the phone and holding the phone to their ear while talking. There are several low tech adaptations that you could apply to a landline phone. In the past I have seen small curved foam blocks that can be placed behind the back of the phone. These allow the client to lean their head to one side and rest the phone in between their ear and their shoulder, removing the need to hold the phone to their ear. If the client is having trouble pressing the buttons, they could also purchase a landline phone with bigger buttons on it to require less fine motor control. If the client wanted a more high tech solution, they could use a device such as an amazon Alexa, or Google mini and a headset to make their phone calls. The assistant device could dial a number from voice commands alone and the headset would remove the need to hold the phone at all.

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For a client making a call from a TTY with a diagnosis of expressive aphasia, a low-tech adaptation that may be helpful is having a list nearby of common words and phrases that the person uses frequently, to help them in the word retrieval process as they are typing. It may also be helpful to put tactile markers on the buttons of the TTY, to cue the person to find the correct keys if there are additional deficits such as low vision or decreased sensation in the fingertips.
One high-tech adaptation that may be useful for a person with expressive aphasia using a TTY is a program called "TurboCode", which allows the text code to be sent from each device much more quickly. It also allows each person to interrupt each other, providing a much more realistic talking experience (Ultratec, 2018).
References
Ultratec. (2018). Turbo code. Retrieved from https://www.ultratec.com/knowledgebase/turbo-code/

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Phone type: cell phone
Factor: low vision
A way to adapt low-tech making a cell phone call could be using speed dial for important calls. The therapist can educate the client on where the buttons are on the key pad by using the brail on the buttons, and have them set certain numbers on speed dial. This will avoid using a lot of buttons, the phone screen, and little to no vision use.
A high-tech way to adapt a cell phone is utilizing "Siri" on an iPhone or "Google" on an android. The therapist will educate the client on how to use the assistive technology by using voice commands. For example, the therapist will teach the client to say, "Hey Siri, call Bob" for a phone call, so they do not have to rely on their vision to look at the phone screen.

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Individuals with arthritis may find it very difficult to hold a cell phone because of how thin and small they can be. For a low tech adaptation, to make it easier to hold the phone, a strap could be added to the back of the phone or phone case where the individual could slip their hand into.  To make a more secure fit, an adjustable strap with velcro could be utilized to ensure a snug fit. However, if the individual has diminished feeling due to arthritis, the individual must be cautious as so not make the strap too tight that it cuts off circulation. A high tech adaptation could be using siri or google voice to say what you want rather than having to press the small buttons. This can decrease the amount of finger mobility needed to call someone.

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Adapting the activity of making a phone call for someone with low vision can be done so using low tech and high tech.  When using a landline, it is easy to adapt it with low tech by putting different colored raised dots on the numbers.  One thing that I was thinking of was to use the colors of the rainbow (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple) and put them on every other button.  That way when you look at the dial pad, it will be easier to decipher what number is what and get a sense of the size of the dial pad. Another thing that can be done is to install a landline where the dial pad has larger buttons and a larger font.  To adapt it with high tech, you can install a phone that is voice activated.  That way the client can still make phone calls without having to struggle with trying to dial in the right numbers and end up calling the wrong person multiple times.  You can also install an Echo/Alexa which can make phone calls for you as well.

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Making a phone call from a landline with a dx of Low vision

Low tech:

Have a large print poster next to phone with the most common numbers printed with high contrast and in large font.

Paint each number key a different high contrast color to help each number stand out better.

High tech:

Purchase a phone with large high-contrast numbers that are easier to see

Purchase “Landline texting” that lets you make and receive texts on a home phone (incoming texts are turned into phone messages)

If person needs to stay in contact with just a few friends, you could purchase a device like the amazon Echo and set up voice activated calling.

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I chose to adapt making a phone call on a landline for someone with low vision. Through the use of low tech, this activity could be adapted simply by providing visual cues and labels to both the phone itself and its surrounding areas. Utilizing bright colors, such as arrows on the floor or signage near the phone, allows the client to find the phone easier, and contrasting colors on the buttons would help differentiate between the buttons when making calls. Another suggestion would be to provide separate labels on the buttons in a bigger or more easily identifiable font chosen by the client. If the client were looking for a more high-tech option, a device such as Amazon Alexa or Echo Dot could be installed. This device would eliminate the need for the client to get up to answer/make phone calls and instead would allow them to do it safely from wherever they are located simply through voice activation. Although these devices may seem intimidating to some people at first, once they are installed they are known to be very easy to operate!

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I chose to adapt a landline for an individual who is experiencing low vision. My low tech adaptation would be placing brightly colored stickers on each button with a contrasting large print number that is associated with the button. Having high contrast is a great way to help others with low vision have a better chance at seeing the buttons in front of them. Also, increasing the font size of the numbers on the buttons will help to identify which button is which. In addition, I would also offer the adaption of placing a brightly colored strip of tape along the phone so that the individual will have an easier time identifying where the phone is in contrast to the phone base station. A high tech option for an individual who is experiencing low vision and is using a landline may including using a phone that has caller ID so that they do not have to read the name that is listed on the phone when it calls or pick up to a stranger or telemarketer. Additionally, it may be helpful for an individual to have a phone that tells you verbally what number you just pressed to ensure that they chose the correct one and are not calling a random number.

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Dx: Alzheimers
Type of phone: cell phone
To adapt the activity of making a phone call for those with Alzheimer's disease, it will be important to grade the task down to accommodate for changes in memory and problem solving. Making a phone call on a cell phone could be adapted by presenting high tech phones that are simplified and include picture contacts, instead of navigating through a list of contacts and numbers. There are a few different cell phones suggested for seniors with dementia online such as the KISA phone, RAZ memory cell phone, and KidsConnect KC 2 Phone. All of these phones have reduced settings, contacts, and simplified steps for making a phone call. The KidsConnect KC 2 Phone, is designed for children but it has been suggested to be beneficial for those with memory impairments too. The device is a square rectangle with a small touch screen and the phone allows for only 3 contacts with speed dial buttons. Although there are no pictures available it may be useful for someone due to the simplicity of the model. The RAZ memory cell phone and the KISA phone both include picture contacts. These phones would help to increase the independence of an individual with Alzheimer's disease and require less memory and cognition to operate than a regular cell phone would require. Other low-tech AT can be used to adapt this task may include a physical contact book that hangs on a lanyard for the individual to look up contacts. This could be a little picture book of different people’s faces, places, or symbols that would be recognizable to the client. For some individuals, they may just forget how to navigate their cell phone and need physical directions which could be found in their picture booklet.
https://www.alzstore.com/RAZ-Memory-Cell-Phone-for-Seniors-p/0039.htm?utm_source=google&utm_campaign=RAZ%20Mobile%20Phones%20-%20PLA&utm_medium=pla https://www.kisaphone.com.au/dementia.aspx
https://www.razmobility.com/assistive-technology-blog/3-best-phones-for-people-with-dementia-or-alzheimers/

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Making a phone call on a landline phone with low vision.
A low tech adaptation for a landline phone to improve engagement for an individual with low vision is to create raised numbers and symbols on the telephone. One way to create the raised effect for the numbers and symbols is to use puff paint directly over each of the keys. Another way to create a raised surface is to use braille on each of the keys which will correspond to the numbers or symbols on the particular landline phone. The phone could also be painted or covered in colored contact paper to assist the person in finding the phone in their home. It may also be beneficial to use a phone with a cord to prevent the individual from forgetting where they put the phone and being unable to locate it later.
A high tech adaptation for the phone could be to purchase a new phone as well as a compatible Alexa Device or Amazon Echo. This would allow the individual to use talk commands to dial numbers or call a specific person that is saved in their contacts. There are also landline phones that have Alexa build-in which may be a more affordable option for an individual who does not have a use for the other services provided by an Alexa or Amazon Echo.
Phone with Alexa: https://www.amazon.com/Motorola-AXH02-Wireless-System-Speaker/dp/B07QS2ZL95#:~:text=MORE%20THAN%20A%20HOME%20PHONE,wirelessly%20anywhere%20in%20the%20home (Links to an external site.).

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In order to adapt making a phone call via cell phone for somebody living with Alzheimer's , a few things could be done.  Since Alzheimer's results in the progressive loss of memory, cutting down the number of steps to make a phone call is imperative.  Low tech can be used in the form of a visual chart.  This chart will list the client's closest friends and family members who are each assigned a number 1-10.  A big picture of each friend/family member will appear with the assigned number below.  Each assigned number will correlate to the number on the phone for speed dial.  In order for somebody living with Alzheimer's to make a call via cell phone, all they have to do is look at their chart and hit the number on the cell phone.  A high tech option could come in the form of Google Home or Alexa paired with the visual chart.  Instead of having to dial on the phone, the client could look at their chart and just ask Google Home/Alexa to call their close friends or relatives.

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For making a phone call on a cell phone for an individual with arthritis there are a variety of different adaptations that can be beneficial.

The low-tech device I chose is a LoopyCase. This case has a loop on the back to provide more stability. It also eliminates flexion of the MCP, PIP, and DIP joints while holding the cell phone. Here is the website link for the cases: https://www.loopycases.com/ (Links to an external site.)

The high-tech device I chose is teaching the client to utilize the accessibility options in their phone. Some of the options can include talk to text, Siri / voice commands, and switch control. Each of these settings can decrease the amount of finger movements required to make a phone call.

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For those with low vision, there are a number of ways to adapt cell phone use for those with low vision. Depending on the type of cell phone you have there will be varying ways to make the device more user-friendly. For example, those with a touch screen cell phone can usually increase the font size of the letters (for android: https://youtu.be/l2C_36EwoBg (Links to an external site.), for iphone: https://youtu.be/hGdQ6sxOtio (Links to an external site.)). These phones also usually have dictation or talk-to-text capabilities, voice control, or command (for example Siri for iPhones, Google assist or Alexa for androids), voice guide, and voice dialing. For those who have a flip phone or non-touch screen phone, there may be other options such as qwerty keyboards, talkback (https://youtu.be/qry0DIQ7Bu4 (Links to an external site.)), and also a change in font size. Something that I haven’t first thought of but I also came across was that each service provider, such as Verizon, AT&T, Sprint, etc has their own section on “accessibility resources for customers with disabilities”. A brief synopsis of each service provider and what is available can be found here: https://www.afb.org/aw/18/2/15243 (Links to an external site.).
As for high tech, someone can buy a cell phone specifically for those with visual impairments or blindness. For instance, the R L5 flip ( https://project-ray.com/products/ray-l5-flip-phone-for-blind/ (Links to an external site.)) or Lucia (https://www.perkinselearning.org/technology/blog/lucia-easy-use-cell-phone-people-who-are-blind-or-visually-impaired (Links to an external site.)). That being said cell phones in and of themselves are expensive and the latest version they are or the more special features have the more expensive they will be. Therefore, I might consider low tech either as the features you can obtain on the phone you have already or some simple modifications such as putting brightly colored duct tape around the edges of the phone to create contrastivity. Whereas, high tech might be purchasing phones that are not universal in design and have additional features or components that mainstream devices would not have.
References
Unwin, B., Andrews, C., Andrews, P., & Hanson, J. (2009). Therapeutic home adaptations for older adults with disabilities. American Family Physician, 80, 963–968.

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"Making a phone call” from a landline with dx of low vision

Adapting this activity doing low tech could be adding colorful and bold stickers with the corresponding numbers to the phone, another could have a handheld magnifying glass to use, or putting the telephone is a better lit area of the house. In my opinion these options would be better because you can continue to adapt and change these as their vision continues to negatively progress.

Adapting this activity doing high tech could be utilizing an audio feedback when typing the numbers, utilizing a braille phone instead of having to depend on seeing the numbers, or using a screen reader. Another could be utilizing a new phone with enlarged numbers and buttons as well.

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Type/Factor: A client with low Vision using a landline

Low Tech:

The Occupational therapist can help a client with low vision make a phone call by making the keys bigger. The OT can write big numbers and cut them out, they can then glue these numbers to the phones existing keys.

High Tech:

The OT could provide the client with bigger buttons built in. These landlines are readily available on Amazon and are reasonably priced. These adapted phones can be found anywhere from 29 to 45 dollars. Providing the client with a phone with bigger buttons can help them better see the keys and more accurately dial the right numbers.

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Type: Landline

Factor: Alzheimer’s

Low tech adaptation:

A way to adapt making a phone call for someone with Alzheimer’s an occupational therapist can assist this process by making a list of steps on how to make a phone call using their landline phone with a list of numbers that the individual and family approve of.  This information will be placed next to their phone in large and bright lettering so the individual will hopefully see it and recognize how to go ahead with this process.

High tech adaptation:

In order for individual to make a phone call with Alzheimer’s, there are memory picture phones available to purchase.  There are photos of the individuals the client might want to call and so they don’t need to dial number.  The client will be less likely to become frustrated and confused.  This also eliminates the individual calling the wrong people and never completing the task they started.  They are about $50.00 with some brands in lower price ranges.

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https://www.ctdinstitute.org/

"The Center on Technology and Disability is designed to increase the capacity of families and providers to advocate for, acquire, or implement effective assistive and instructional technology practices, devices and services. It provides individuals with free high-quality resources and events on all aspects of assistive technology."

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https://www.adaptivetechsolutions.com/

"This website offers a wide range of adaptive technology and adapted toys for adults and children, addressing areas such as speech impairments, hearing impairments, and motor impairments."

https://www.pinterest.com/lmswedberg/diy-occupational-therapy-gadgets/

"I'm also an avid Pinterest user, and I found this great pin of DIY adaptive equipment tools for a range of different occupations (feeding aids, homemaking/gardening, leisure, self-care, and even "ways to carry things")!  They include items such as a DIY lap desk, adapted knitting device, and an adapted bracelet clasper. Some of the ideas are really creative!"

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https://ndassistive.org/blog/make-some-music-with-assistive-technology/

"This website showcases a few pieces of assistive technology that help those with impairments listen, play, and create music. Some of the technology includes apps for mobile devices, musical instruments with switches, and many others! These devices can be great for those who love music but may need assistance in adapting the activity so they can continue to participate."

# data[].attributes.body
Definition of OT’s role when considering AT for this client population in found here: - https://www.aota.org/-/media/Corporate/Files/AboutOT/Professionals/WhatIsOT/RDP/Facts/AT-fact-sheet.pdf

5 High Tech pieces of AT for Advocacy and Research:

1. The latest Artificial Intelligence (AI) devices being found in recent literature and research propose that these devices or robots can assist clients in their daily needs and potentially saving their lives.

2. Computer databases with evidence based practice (EBP) articles and research

3. Camera or video surveillance - Which documents any violations or misconduct and advocate for those being mistreated

4. Video teleconferencing - Zoom, Skype, Facebook video chat, etc.

5. Closed captioning and voice recognition (speech-to-text or text-to-speech) softwares to be accessible to all and used in mainstream devices.

5 Low Tech pieces of AT for Advocacy and Research:
1. Websites such as AOTA with Factsheets and Handouts - Spreading the word about the latest research

2. Online Client/ Caregiver Education - Providing them with knowledge on how to advocate for themselves (this can be done through teletherapy or websites)

3. Social Media Platforms - Such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, etc.

4. Writing and emailing letters of necessity to whom it pertains (such as insurance companies or representatives) to advocate for AT device.

5. Online fundraisers - GoFundMe, Fundly, Bonfire, Double the Donation, DonateKindly, Crowdrise, Razoo, Kickstarter

Further Resources:

- https://www.aota.org/About-Occupational-Therapy/Professionals/EBP.aspx
- https://www.aota.org/Advocacy-Policy/Congressional-Affairs/Take-Action.aspx

# data[].attributes.body
Definition of OT’s role when considering AT for this client population in found here: https: //www.aota.org/-/media/Corporate/Files/AboutOT/Professionals/WhatIsOT/WI/Facts/Work-rehab.pdf

(Plus ergonomics: https://www.aota.org/-/media/Corporate/Files/AboutOT/Professionals/WhatIsOT/WI/Facts/ergonomics.pdf)

5 High Tech pieces of AT for Work and Industry:

1. Screen Reader for those with vision loss which prevents them from seeing screen content or navigating with a mouse. (example: https://www.freedomscientific.com/Products/software/JAWS/)

2. Modifications for your work vehicle can include lifts and hoists to help you get into and out of your truck if you have a lower limb mobility disability. There are many commercially available, or you can check out a do-it-yourself wheelchair lift.

3. Outdoor mobility aids, including outdoor wheelchairs designed for rugged terrain, are essential in getting around if you work in an agricultural setting.

4. Automatic doors can be beneficial for people with poor motor skills who may be unable to open doors with ease.

5. A frequency-modulated (FM) system is an ALD that makes it easier for people with hearing loss to hear what others are saying in noisy environments, like a theater, school, church, museum or other public places. This wireless system, also called a personal FM system, uses radio waves to deliver speech signals directly from the speaker's mouth to the listener's ears. (example: https://www.babyhearing.org/devices/fm-systems)

5 Low Tech pieces of AT for Work and Industry:

1. Ergonomic key boards - designed to minimize strain and discomfort in your hands, wrists, shoulders and back. Alternatively, an adapted keyboard can be designed to meet your specific needs, such as a one-handed keyboard if you only have the use of one hand.

2. Screen Magnifiers to make screen text larger if you have low vision. You could also use a larger computer screen.

3. Screen clips hold paper in place to decrease neck strain while you type information from printed documents.

4. Microphone headsets help to reduce neck strain and back pain while talking on the phone by allowing you to hold your head in an upright, neutral position.

5. Voice recognition software can be great if you have limb loss, limited muscle control or hand-use, or conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome. This software allows you to speak commands to operate your computer.

Further Resources:

- https://www.massmatch.org/resources/work.php

- https://www.aota.org/About-Occupational-Therapy/Professionals/WI.aspx
- https://choosework.ssa.gov/blog/2017-08-21-using-assistive-technology-in-the-workplace
- http://www.ldonline.org/article/11908/
- https://abilityunlimited.net/top-5-assistive-technology-tools-in-the-workplace/

# data[].attributes.body
Definition of OT’s role when considering AT for this client population in found here: https://www.aota.org/-/media/Corporate/Files/AboutOT/Professionals/WhatIsOT/RDP/Facts/Stroke-Rehab-fact-sheet.pdf

5 High Tech pieces of AT for Rehabilitation and Disability:

1. Customized wheelchair such as a tilt in space or standing wheelchair

2. Standing frame

3. Switches - Discover switch, Gumball switch on flex mount, jelly bean switch, etc.

4. Hearing aids

5. Memory aids or orientation aids to help the client keep track of time/day/month

5 Low Tech pieces of AT for Rehabilitation and Disability:

1. Walkers

2. Manual Wheelchairs

3. Sock aid

4. Dressing stick

5. Reacher
6. Bra Angel (https://www.4mdmedical.com/index.php/catalog/product/view/id/230129/s/buckingham-bra-angel-angel?CAWELAID=120141310000056386&CAGPSPN=pla&gclid=Cj0KCQiAy579BRCPARIsAB6QoIYKnuVgmwyCe5aVpaKbC9NBeZy2LbJQf1D2jkBrjQaJv94Nh2FvbvQaAj6AEALw_wcB)

Further Resources:

- https://www.aota.org/About-Occupational-Therapy/Professionals/RDP.aspx

# data[].attributes.body
Definition of OT’s role when considering AT for this client population in found here: https://www.aota.org/-/media/Corporate/Files/AboutOT/Professionals/WhatIsOT/HW/Facts/FactSheet_HealthPromotion.pdf

5 High Tech pieces of AT for Health and Wellness:

1. Custom designed wheelchairs for Paralympic Games/Sports that can be used on all terrains

2. Beeping sports balls, such as for basketball, tennis, soccer, etc.

3. Wireless In-ear headphones for exercise

4. Robot feeding and dinning assistant
- these devices promote and support the clients to age in place or stay in their home

5. Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant to help with ADLs and IADLs

5 Low Tech pieces of AT for Health and Wellness:

1. Apps for health & wellness - Presently (gratitude); SuperBetter (builds resilience); Lightening Bug (sleep clock); Plant Nanny (helps you drink more water); etc.

2. Mobile phone-based daily reminders to drink water, exercise for 30 minutes, 5 times a week, and eat healthy!

3. Alarm clocks either on your phone or a separate device to make sure one has a solid bed routine every night to maintain sleep-wake circadian rhythm.

4. Assistive devices for leisure activities such as one-handed fishing rods for those with limited mobility and bowling balls with hand grips

5. Weights with straps on them somewhat like a universal cuff to help the client hold onto the weights if they have fine motor difficulties

Further Resources:

- https://www.aota.org/About-Occupational-Therapy/Professionals/HW.aspx
- https://www.gulphmillstennis.com/single-post/2017/05/23/5-Assistive-Devices-for-Extreme-Sports-and-Tennis

# data[].attributes.body
Definition of OT’s role when considering AT for this client population in found here: https://www.aota.org/-/media/Corporate/Files/AboutOT/Professionals/WhatIsOT/MH/Facts/Community-mental-health.pdf

5 High Tech pieces of AT for Mental Health:

1. Blocking or managing auditory hallucinations with music or audio files

2. Telehealth so that clients can receive care from their own homes 24/7. This is especially important for those who feel suicidal or are having an anxiety attack

3. Virtual reality - eg. exposure training for PTSD

4. Apps for meditation & emotions - What's up?; Stop; Breathe & Think; Calm; Head Space; Mind Ease; Clear Fear; Happify; Mindshift; Wysa; & Woebot

5. Medication management reminder pager, watch, or cell-phone

5 Low Tech pieces of AT for Mental Health:

1. Noise canceling earbuds or headsets

2. Digit devices

3. Sun boxes and lights

4. White noise or sound machines

5. Weighted blanket

Further Resources:

- https://www.aota.org/About-Occupational-Therapy/Professionals/MH.aspx
- https://www.explorevr.org/sites/explorevr.org/files/files/AT%20MH%20Part%201%20FINAL.pdf
- https://askjan.org/disabilities/Depression.cfm

# data[].attributes.body
Definition of OT’s role when considering AT for this client population in found here: https://www.aota.org/Practice/Productive-Aging/distinct-value.aspx

5 High Tech pieces of AT for Productive Aging:

1. Smart showers that can sense the presence of an individual and accordingly adjust the timing, water flow, and/or temperature to meet the person’s specific needs. Showers could include sensors that time water flow and water direction, regulate water temperature, and control soap dispensing.

2. The use of smart textiles to augment natural sensation in individuals with neuropathy. For example, prototype optical-fiber-based smart socks have been demonstrated that can measure plantar pressure and temperature in shoes.8 Adoption of such technology could reduce the occurrence of diabetic foot ulcers and other conditions that may progress and result in amputation.

3. Advance technologies that automatically monitor existing wounds and infections, such as “smart bandages” that detect movement, deliver drugs, monitor healing, detect infection, and transmit results directly to the physician.

4. Automated food preparation systems, such as robotic systems - https://www.moley.com

5. Safety devices or security devices that enable client to remain in their home

5 Low Tech pieces of AT for Productive Aging:

1. Advance systems of reminders, alerts, and real-time feedback to patients on their at-home oral care. These would replace and improve upon current patient education materials. These active, personalized dental care systems may include smart toothbrushes or embedded devices in mirrors.

2. For example, inexpensive, disposable electrochemical sensors that can immediately reveal or correctly identify the type of bacteria within a specific location and simple image analysis can both be effective at monitoring wounds.

3. Medication pill organizers and/or modifications to these organizers such as enlarged text, color contrasts, puff paint, etc. to provide sensory input to client with low vision or other conditions

4. Mobile phone-based daily reminders to take medication or when to make financial payments

5. Wearable technology such as smart watches, rings, or wristbands to monitor things like activity, sleep, or vital signs.

Further Resources:
- https://www.aota.org/About-Occupational-Therapy/Professionals/PA.aspx
- https://www.aota.org/-/media/Corporate/Files/AboutOT/Professionals/WhatIsOT/RDP/Facts/HomeMod-Occ-Therapy.pdf
(And here: https://www.aota.org/About-Occupational-Therapy/Professionals/PA/Articles/HomeMod.aspx)
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/30815948_Assistive_Technology_for_Successful_Aging_Perspectives_from_Developmental_Behavioral_and_Neuroscience
- https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Emerging-Tech-to-Support-Aging-2019.pdf

# data[].attributes.body
Definition of OT’s role when considering AT for this client population in found here: https://www.aota.org/-/media/Corporate/Files/AboutOT/Professionals/WhatIsOT/CY/Fact-Sheets/Children%20and%20Youth%20fact%20sheet.pdf

5 High Tech pieces of AT for Children & Youth:
1. High tech version of AAC or Alternative and Augmentative communication device

2. Portable Keyboard - Alphasmart, Dreamwriter, and Quickpad

3. Word processors & Talking word processors - Write: OutLoud, Intellitalk

4. Word Prediction - Co:Writer

5. Graphic Organizers - Kidspiration, Inspiration
6. Alternate Keyboards - Intellikeys, Discover: Board
7. On-screen Keyboard - Discover: Screen

5 Low Tech pieces of AT for Children & Youth:
1. Low tech version of AAC is PECS, picture exchange communication

2. Multi sensory raised line ruled paper

3. Varied pencil grips of different shapes, sizes, and weights

4. Slant board for writing on

5. Foot stool for proper positioning

Further Resources:
- https://www.aota.org/about-occupational-therapy/patients-clients/childrenandyouth.aspx

- https://www.aota.org/About-Occupational-Therapy/Professionals/CY.aspx

- https://www.massmatch.org/resources/children.php

# data[].attributes.body
https://mn.gov/admin/star/resources/at-for-recreation/

“Here is a resource from Department of Administration Assistive Technology-STAR. Through this resource, you can choose a resource and occupation topic such as Leisure, Home, Education, etc. Once you choose a topic, click on it and it will bring you to a page where there are examples of AT devices and facts. In addition, there are links to local, state, and legislative resources that people can access! This is definitely something that we can explore as professionals, encourage clients to explore, and explore it together!”

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.caregiver.org/assistive-technology

“This is a great resource to suggest to a family member if they are becoming the sole caregiver for a loved one.  It provides links on where to find devices, gives quick synopsis on types of AT, how to pay for them and certain devices that are used for deaf, dementia or communication impaired.”

# data[].attributes.body
https://ots-letstalkaboutsex.com/sexual-assistive-technology-and-modifications/

https://scisexualhealth.ca/mobility/

“Both of these resources are related to adaptive technology for improving sexual engagement for clients with disabilities. The first resource is a more general guide for implementing sex and adaptive devices into practice. The second resource is specific to spinal cord injuries with additional resources at the bottom of the page. I think it's easy to forget that sexuality is within our scope of practice but sex is an ADL! It's important that we all have a basic understanding of how to address sexuality and intimacy in practice regardless of the setting or population.”

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.moveunitedsport.org/sports/adaptive-equipment/hiking-equipment/

“This is a link to Move United.  On this website there are many links to all different Assistive Technologies to help people in wheelchairs get around in an area without a road.  There are different kinds of manual and power wheelchairs along with chair accessories, handcycles, and other off-road accessories.  These devices can help a person go on a hike or manage their farm.  Great ideas for clients who like the freedom to explore beyond the given trail for those in a wheelchair!”

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.loc.gov/nls/resources/blindness-and-vision-impairment/devices-aids/assistive-technology-products-information-access/

“This website provides information regarding different devices for vision impairments and blindness. It includes resources to available screen reading software programs, assistive technology software for mobile devices, screen magnifiers, voice recognition software, optimal character recognition (OCR) scanning software, and many others. In addition, a list of contact information and websites are provided to find these devices an additional resources to support those with vision impairments.”

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.readingrockets.org/article/assistive-technology-kids-learning-disabilities-overview

“This resource offers a lot of information for not only therapists and educators, but also for parents on assistive technologies (AT) in relation to children with Learning Disabilities.  The website discusses what learning problems can be addressed with AT and further provides some examples of the types of AT available. This website further offers a wide variety of research, guides, and resources. I like how easy this website is to navigate and how it addresses educators and parents in separate sections. The website also offers videos to help facilitate understanding of the material being presented.”

# data[].attributes.body
https://enablingdevices.com/shop/

“This website contains various pieces of AT ranging from mobility to visual impairments. It seems to be a very straight forward website and easy to search for specific equipment one would be interested in finding. There was also a sale section with some discounted items which I think is great for those who may be on a budget!”

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.bates.edu/accessible-education/assistive-technology/free-and-low-cost-assistive-technology-resources/

“This website offers up free and low-cost assistive technology resources for accessible education and student support. On this website, it is organized into different categories such as reading, writing, and communication making it easy to manage and navigate. Along with this, it offers programs for all different types of computers and devices, making it readily available for students of any kind. Highly recommend checking this out!“

# data[].attributes.body
“Open Sesame technology works by tracking user’s head movements using the front-facing camera of a smartphone or tablet. Users activate the app through voice command, then cutting-edge computer vision algorithms create a cursor that appears on the users’ screen that is moved through head movements.”
https://www.pocketcake.com/open-sesame-technology-changes-the-world-for-paralyzed-people/

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Occupational Therapy: An Introduction to Assistive Technology

# data[].attributes.body
https://hiehelpcenter.org/treatment/assistive-adaptive-technologies/

“This is a great source that goes over the different types of AT and what equipment might fall within that type of AT. It also has clickable links within the reading that expand on the type of AT.  It also has a few other suggested resources for AT and helpful readings.”

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.atia.org/

“The Assistive Technology Industry Association (ATiA) offers education programs of 150+ live sessions that focus on various AT topics.  ATiA has many alliance partners that include Accessibility Solutions and Research Center, Alliance for Technology Access, State Leaders of Assistive Technology in Education, and many, many more.”

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.washington.edu/doit/resources

“Do-it; or the Disabilities, opportunities, internetworking, and technology Center is an organization with the mission to empower individuals with disabilities through the power of education and technologies. On their website that have a whole resource page with a lot of links to information regarding AT, universal design, and AT guidelines.”

# data[].attributes.body
https://ataem.org/

“This Assistive Technology (AT) & Accessible Educational Materials (AEM) Center website provides a wide variety of informational resources on AT and AEM. The website provides resources to understanding the AT basics, assessments, tools, implementation, and new and upcoming AT. In addition to AT resources, the website also outlines an understanding of AEM and how to obtain educational support through alternative forms of educational materials such as print, digital, graphics, audio, video, or braille resources for textbooks, educational content, and test taking. Lastly, the website provides professional development resources and links to upcoming events, modules, and AT conferences or vendor fairs.”

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.feedspot.com/infiniterss.php?_src=feed_title&followfeedid=5063032&q=site:http%3A%2F%2Fattoday.co.uk%2Ffeed%2F

“This website is a great place to find out about new and emerging AT around the world.”

# data[].attributes.body
https://peatworks.org/

“This website is a good resource for researching how AT is utilized in the workplace. It provides information about different types of common ATs within the workplace. There is a podcast link available that focuses on the future of accessible solutions in the workplace. It also provides various accessibility toolkits and resources to explore. I like how easy the website is to navigate and how informative it is!”

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.massmatch.org/documents/TACLE_Supplement_to_Questionnaire.pdf

https://www.massmatch.org

“Though this is based out of Massachusetts, Massmatch gives a great list of assistive technology options for safety and mobility,  personal care, aid with cognition and memory tasks, home management, communication, and community/leisure activity involvement. I really like the list of items they gave and the different "ADL" or "performance skill" categories they put each of the devices under.  In addition, most of the hard technologies listed include links to where you can find and buy the device. The massmatch website also includes helpful information about what AT is, programs, and resources for where to get help in buying or borrowing these devices.”

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.edutopia.org/article/assistive-technology-resources

“This resource has a lot of different articles and resources not only for therapists or educators but also for parents and other caregivers. It gives a lot of different tips and tools to access where to start or can pinpoint with a certain diagnosis and then see what options are available for different symptoms of the diagnosis! What I like most about this website is the vast majority of options for different types of people in the AT process - clients, therapists, caregivers, parents, educators and others.”

# data[].attributes.body
“TheEtac Swedish Cutting Board has a vice grip that holds bowls or jars, and food spikes that hold foods for cutting or grating.”

# data[].attributes.headline
AT device: Soft technology of wheelchairs

# data[].attributes.subject
AT device: Soft technology of wheelchairs

# data[].attributes.body
“Soft technology of training wheelchair users how to effectively use their wheelchairs (a hard technology).”
Wheelchair training site: https://wheelchairskillsprogram.ca/en/

# data[].attributes.headline
AT device: Eye gaze/head tracking device

# data[].attributes.subject
AT device: Eye gaze/head tracking device

# data[].attributes.body
“GlassOuse head Mouse control is an example of eye gaze/head tracking assistive technology.”
Video of Francis Tsai who was a talented artist that used eye gaze technology to engage in his most meaningful occupation – painting: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rp4zHIhm0L0

Resources

GLASSOUSE ASSISTIVE DEVICES. (n.d.). Retrieved September 09, 2020, from https://glassouse.com/

GlassOuse. (n.d.). Retrieved September 09, 2020, from https://www.zygo-usa.com/usa/index.php/our-products/assistive-technologies-at/alternative-and-computer-access/glassouse

GlassOuse v.1.2 - Head Mouse Control. (n.d.). Retrieved September 09, 2020, from https://www.westminstertech.com/products/glassouse-v-1-2-head-mouse-control

# data[].attributes.headline
AT device: Head array controlled power wheelchair

# data[].attributes.subject
AT device: Head array controlled power wheelchair

# data[].attributes.body
“Device is helpful for individuals with tetraplegia.”
Video on device: https://youtu.be/LTTGvAWTM48

# data[].attributes.body
“Head pointers are an alternative way for individuals to use equipment with limited hand use commonly due to tremors or paralysis (Assistive Technology Australia, 2018). A head pointer may allow easier engagement in tasks such as turning pages, drawing, typing on a keyboard, or using touch screen devices (Assistive Technology Australia, 2018).”
References

Assistive Technology Australia. (2018). Assistive Technology Guide - Mouth/Head Sticks/ Pointers. Retrieved September 09, 2020, from https://at-aust.org/items/2899

# data[].attributes.headline
AT device: Multicolored or Large printed Measuring cups

# data[].attributes.subject
AT device: Multicolored or Large printed Measuring cups

# data[].attributes.body
“This simple device can help support those individuals who may have low eyesight and are having trouble reading the measurement on the measuring cup.”
Link to large print measuring cups: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDii3u9Mr18

References

Meaghanwalls. (2017, July 31). AT for Independence in the Kitchen Part 2: Adapted Measuring. Retrieved September 09, 2020, from https://assistologyomaha.com/2017/07/31/at-for-independence-in-the-kitchen-part-2-adapted-measuring/

# data[].attributes.body
“Electronic notetaker that utilizes braille is developed to allow visually impaired or blind individuals the ability to store information and access it via built-in speech synthesizer (Electronic Notetakers (Braille)).”
Video regarding the device: https://youtu.be/oD1E9Vp1Thk

Reference
Doise, M. (2016, December 21). Is the BrailleNote touch the Notetaker of the future? iAccessibility. https://iaccessibility.net/braillenote-touch-review/

Electronic Notetakers (Braille). (n.d.). American Foundation for the Blind. https://www.afb.org/assistive-technology-products/braille-notetakers

# data[].attributes.body
“Plate Guard is a unique "spill guard" that promotes independence while minimizing messy spills at meal time. ”
Reference
Adaptive Feeding Devices: National Foundation of Swallowing Disorders - A community for those impacted by dysphagia. (2015, November 08), from https://swallowingdisorderfoundation.com/adaptive-feeding-devices/

# data[].attributes.headline
AT device: Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) 

# data[].attributes.subject
AT device: Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) 

# data[].attributes.body
“DescriptionAugmentative and alternative communication encompasses the communication methods used to supplement or replace speech or writing for those with impairments in the production or comprehension of spoken or written language.”
Resources:

AssistiveWare. (n.d.). What is AAC?  Retrieved from https://www.assistiveware.com/learn-aac/what-is-aac

Fairfax County Public Schools [Fairfax Network - Fairfax County Public Schools]. (2019, June 5). Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qB2Fk0KdUuo

High-tech: Proloquo2Go on the iPad and light-tech: A  young boy using a book made from Proloquo2Go screenshots [Online image]. (n.d.). AssistiveWare. https://www.assistiveware.com/learn-aac/what-is-aac

Proloquo4Text: AssistiveWare's text-based solution [Online image]. (n.d.). AssistiveWare. https://www.assistiveware.com/learn-aac/what-is-aac

# data[].attributes.body
“Voice recognition is an alternative to typing on a keyboard. Put simply, you talk to the computer and your words appear on the screen. The software has been developed to provide a fast method of writing on a computer and can help people with a variety of disabilities.”
Explanation video on YouTube: https://youtu.be/aqoXFCCTfm4

# data[].attributes.headline
AT device: I-series integrated speech tablet

# data[].attributes.subject
AT device: I-series integrated speech tablet

# data[].attributes.body
“The tablet features an integrated eye tracking device that uses the Swedish company’s latest sensor IS5 and a partner window that allows users to communicate with others face to face.”
References:

Patricia Inacio, P. (2019, October 25). Tobii Dynavox Launches New Speech Tablet with Eye-tracking. Retrieved September 07, 2020, from https://cerebralpalsynewstoday.com/2019/10/25/tobii-dynavox-launches-next-generation-i-series-speech-tablet-eye-tracking-integration-system/

# data[].attributes.body
“Buzz captures the sound around you and translates it into

rich vibrational patterns.”

Buzz user’s account on the device: https://youtu.be/t12AMOTJ6S4
Website: https://neosensory.com/

# data[].attributes.headline
AT device: Video Remote Interpreting services (VRI) 

# data[].attributes.subject
AT device: Video Remote Interpreting services (VRI) 

# data[].attributes.body
“Video remote interpreting is ideal for clients needing immediate access to an interpreter while waiting for an on-site interpreter to arrive (for example, when treating emergency room patients).”
Reference:

Luna Language Services (2020). Video Remote Interpreting Services (VSI) [Online Image]. https://luna360.com/services/interpreting/video-remote-interpreting-vri/