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Story: This panel shows  the story of an Aragonese lord who loses his prized goshawk while hunting. After failing to reclaim itself, he presents the Virgin Mary with a beeswax figurine of the goshawk, and the bird miraculously returns to him.
Characters: A lord, a goshawk, the Virgin Mary
Interpretation: loyalty. promised to serve her and she gave him the bird in return.
Shows the meaning of miracles. The mundane miracles hardly seem like miracles at all but are attributed to Mary to show her great power

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Story- Muslim corsairs kidnap a Christian hermit from the Iberian coast, this was used to portray the uncertainty of the naval power. It was common for them to hire pirates to attack other ships, and both Christian and Muslim pirates would work together.
Characters-  Muslim and Christian pirates
Interpretation- the kidnapping represented the uncertainty of the naval power on the Mediterranean. Having other people attack their rivals for them shows a sign of weakness, as they do not feel they can do it their selves. The pirates, allowing both religions to work together, show that there can be unity with religions when there is a common goal to achieve. Piracy was a form of warfare and caused the people to divide, but brought together those pirates.
Social class- Pirates perceived as lower class as they are hired to help wage attacks on the rivals, almost like slaves
Gender identity- All seem to be males from the pictures, no discussion on female identity

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EM, MM, JM, TP
Scene depicting a Muslim man converted to Catholicism. Written during the reign of Alfonso X of Castile El Sabio
Story 1:
Two Catholics and a Muslim talking about religion and where they think they will end up in the afterlife. The Muslim man encounters a demon that convinces him to convert to Catholicism otherwise he'll end up in Hell. He then goes back to the two Catholics and tells them he doesn't want to go to Hell and then converts to Catholicism.

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story: The circle and
pentagram are
symbols of
diabolical magic.
Interpretations:
demonic influence , christian heresy with demon magic-playing religious roles ,  surrounded by demons-trapped in sin, christian roles, the demons having animalistic features it could represent the primal aspect of humanity.
Characters:
priest-  higher power
demons-  9 demons , certain ranks of higher and lower demons
6 sections around the pentagram

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Cantiga 107 from Cantigas de Santa Maria

A Jewish Woman is sentenced to death in the first half and then is saved by converting and is baptized by the end

The characters are the Woman and the Virgin Mary

During a time were conversion was encouraged

Interpretations

One interpretation is that the Jewish male is portrayed as stereotypical religious threat so the Jewish woman being sentenced to death for a crime means that Jewish people were seen as a threat

The woman had to convert or die showing us that conversion is forced rather than done by reason

Woman is being seen in Jewish Clothing: Chemise- a piece of clothing that suggest that she is a temptress, but then converts and is seen as a  virtuous woman. Contrast suggests conversion yields virtuous values.

Conversion was encouraged

This whole Cantiga is a social and political statement that was unusual to the time period

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- Story: Pilgrim shipwreck on voyage to Acre, Israel; one falls overboard while the rest find safety in life boat; Virgin Mary saves the man
- Characters: Virgin Mary; 800 pilgrims, including a Bishop
- Interpretation:
1. portrays faith as a central idea (the Virgin as savior)
2. person that slipped and fell into the water may not have been a believer, but was then saved by the Virgin;
3. possibly preceded the Siege of Acre in 1291
4. inspired those participating in battle to keep the faith during grueling "crusades"
5. Virgin saved the person, in order to make it to the Holy Land of Israel

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Story: Peasant in Flanders places communion host in beehive in an effort to produce honey and beeswax. Virgin Mary and child (baby Jesus) miraculously appear and inspire celebration.

Characters: Peasant, Virgin Mary, baby Jesus.

Interpretation:
-the peasant is from Flanders which is region of Europe that had an Army controlled by Spain.
-Bees symbolized political and religious messages.
-Bees hive colony represented social organization. Maybe King Alfonso X wanted his community to work together to maintain peace.
-Bees wax candles were important for liturgy. Since bees represented the divine, paradise, and organization, these candles must have been an easy way to include bees in worship to remind the worshipper of what is important in life

-honey was associated with paradise
-Buzzing was seen as communication from the divine.