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Lenin believed aspects of capitalism were necessary to improve/stabilise the economy
Companies stayed private but were under state control

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-Intended to be an easing into communism
-Allowed private ownership of business
-Bourgeois were moderately in charge
-Businesses retain old managers and bosses as ‘bourgeois experts’

-’structures’ and ‘techniques’ of free market remain

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-Workers’ Control decree – supervises management

-economy overseen by economic department (Vesenkha) & centralized banking

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A part of Karl Marx's ideology in transitioning from capitalism, into socialism to ultimately transfer to communism.

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State Capitalism was a hybridisation of state managed privately run industries. Effectively the state regulated and managed the economy leaving the everyday management of businesses to business owners.

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-Decree of Nationalisation (June 1918), State takes control of industry (metal, textile, steel, electrical, mining & cement)
-Decree on Factories (29th Nov 1918), any factory employing more than 10 workers allowed to be under state control
-Militarization of workers through "labour armies" where workers were treated like soldiers
-Introduced "Subbotniki" a voluntary weekend work day, unpaid
-Jailing, sacking and removing workers from jobs to equip the Red Army

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-Created to supress counter revolutionaries or kill suspected counter revolutionaries wherever they were or weren't.
-Cheka responsible for 140, 000 deaths and a key reason Reds had victory in Civil war
-Cheka used for militarisation of workers and to form grain requisitioning squads
-Decree of Red Terror introduced 5th September 1918 after Fanny Kaplan attempted to kill Lenin

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-the forced confiscation of surplus grain targeting peasants and in particular, Kulaks (the 'rich peasants that owned land under Stolypin's changes)
-Kulaks translates to "tight fisted", term coined by Lenin

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-also known as 'elimination of monetary economy'
-lead to hyper inflation
-key ideological reason this was done as a Communist utopia/Marxist concepts understand a world without government, class and money. Lenin abolishing money was an ideological success in his eyes
-60% of bread was being sold on the black market
-ironically, although private trading was made illegal under W.C, black market trading was at its highest

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-providing free public transport, free postal service, medical treatment, providing food in rations
-economic crisis meant rationing of bread (before war communism, bread was rationed down to 50g per person)
-"Everything to the front!" - Leon Trotsky's justification for all supplies, bread, equipment and militarisation of workers

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-Caused urban-rural migration – workers moved back to countryside, fear of starvation, (April 1918, 60% workers left the city)

-Proletariat fell from 3.6 million to 1.4 million in Jan 1919
-Collapse of industry – workers could not manage factories as well as the owners, civil war caused shortages of raw materials

-Shortage of manufactured goods – when goods are in short supply, inflation occurs, rouble lost its value. Peasants refused to make grain as the return was minimal
-Kronstadt sailors, the "reddest of the red" according to Trotsky fought against the harsh militarisation of workers and lack of food.
-Kollontai's political faction the Worker's Opposition similarly against war communism

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-Held at the Tenth Party Congress (8th-16th March 1921)
-1, 100 delegates attended the congress
-a response to the ongoing famine and Kronstadt uprising demands to end war communism
-Lenin admitted later that Kronstadt was the “…the flash which lit up reality, better than anything else”.
-"bridled capitalism" - Lenin. Controlled capitalism supposedly.
A response to the on going famine.

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-Lenin recognised that he needed to alleviate the dire economic conditions in Russia and "to satisfy the middle peasantry".
-Told Tenth Party Congress "what is needed now is an economic breathing spell"
-Lenin, ideologically was not happy with the NEP as he compared it to the Treaty of Brest Litovsk, "an unfortunate but necessary step"

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Lenin's Plan to stabilize the economy, it brought back some private ownership of land and the state controlled the rural farms and urban factories. The issue with this was that rural communities were thriving and factories were struggling creating a divide.  Lenin denied it was state capitalism and said it was 'bridled capitalism' and was only temporary, but for peasants they liked the way it was while factory workers wanted communism back.

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-Countryside recovered – prices  of grain became cheaper

-Manufactured goods slower to produce – industrial prices more expensive

-Fear that trading with peasants would not occur due to high prices unless peasants inevitably increased the price of grain (fear of leading to another famine under communism)

-Trotsky coined it ‘scissors’ for the widening gap which needed to be squeezed closer together

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Introduced by 10th Party Congress as a measure to return stability to the economy by returning agriculture, retail trade and small scale industry to private management. State retains control of heavy industry, transport, baking and foreign trade. Money reintroduced after being abolished by War Communism in 1922