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The first Native American Indian Boarding School was formed in 1860 in Washington on the Yakima Indian Reservation. In 1978, Native American parents gained the right to deny their children being placed in off-reservation schools with the Indian Child Welfare Act.

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Complete assimilation of the Native Americans

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Kill the Indian, Save the Man

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*Civil War Lieutenant
*Opened the 1st Carlisle School in 1879 at a former military barracks
*Personally punished students for using Native language
*Closed the school in 1918
*Died in 1924 still trying to convince people of his views on Native Americans
*Racist/discriminates against Native Americans

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2021 Native American Education Conference. Wyoming Department of Education. (2021, May 4). https://edu.wyoming.gov/educators/native-american/conference/.

Anderson, H. A. (2021, January 14). Pratt, Richard Henry (1840–1924). TSHA. https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/pratt-richard-henry.

Indian Education News. Albuquerque Public Schools. (2021, January 26). https://www.aps.edu/indian-education/news/high-school-native-american-classes-2021-2022.

Native American History and Culture: Boarding Schools - American Indian Relief Council is now Northern Plains Reservation Aid. (2021). http://www.nativepartnership.org/site/PageServer?pagename=airc_hist_boardingschools.

Punishments. American Indian Boarding Schools. (2021). https://americanindianboardingschools.weebly.com/punishments.html.

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*Deprivation of privileges
*Threat of corporal punishment
*Loss of meals
*Cutting grass with scissors
*Being slapped across the face
*Forced to stand in corners
*Being whipped publicly
*Confinement for days at a time
*Being spanked in front of class
*Sexual abuse and rape
*Tuberculosis
*Trachoma
*Measles

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*The children had Christianity forced upon them.
*They even separated the genders and locked the girls in their rooms. They wouldn't be able to escape if there was a fire.
*They were also forced to recognize Columbus Day.
*Thanksgiving celebrated “good” Indians aiding Pilgrim Fathers.
*New Year’s celebrated how while people kept time.
*George Washington’s birthday reminded them of the Great White Father.
*Memorial Day was the day that some students had to decorate graves of soldiers sent to kill their fathers.

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Albuquerque public schools are offering courses in Native American history and culture. Some of the classes include Navajo History and Government, Native American Leadership, and more.

For the last 11 years, there has been a Native American Education Conference and there is to be a 12th one later this year. It covers the history and culture of certain tribes, cultural sensitivity for educators, instructional, emotional, and social needs of Native American students, and more.