# data[].attributes.body
Lifeline." Pew Research Centers Global Attitudes Project RSS. Pew Research Centers, 15 Apr. 2015. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
"People & Culture." Our Africa. Our Africa, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
"Mali." OEC. OCE, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
The World Factbook: MALI." Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
Findley, Sally E. "Mali: Seeking Opportunity Abroad." Migrationpolicy.org. MPI, 15 Feb. 2014. Web. 15 Oct. 2016.
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"Mali." OEC. OCE, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
The World Factbook: MALI." Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
Findley, Sally E. "Mali: Seeking Opportunity Abroad." Migrationpolicy.org. MPI, 15 Feb. 2014. Web. 15 Oct. 2016.
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# data[].attributes.body
"Mali." OEC. OCE, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
The World Factbook: MALI." Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
Findley, Sally E. "Mali: Seeking Opportunity Abroad." Migrationpolicy.org. MPI, 15 Feb. 2014. Web. 15 Oct. 2016.
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Sub-Saharan Africa is a wide vast region. It has beautiful grasslands. One of the places in Sub-Saharan Africa is Mali. My group has chosen to do our research on Mali. In this Padlet presentation we will be sharing facts about Mali's transportation/communication/imports and exports/immigration, Mali as a region, Mali's location, the interaction between Mali people and Mali plants and wildlife, and last, but not least places in Mali. We have covered a lot of topics and we hope that you like our presentation. Enjoy!

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source - http://www.lavdc.net/portail/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/MINE.jpg

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Source - http://cgiarweb.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/story-3-ICRISAT-sowing-seeds-of-success.jpg

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According to "People & Culture -Our Africa." and "Cultural Information - Mali | Centre for Intercultural Learning" People of mali communicate verbally and non-vebally. Although French is the official language of Mali, over 30 local African languages are used to communicate across the country. This communication verbally. You should keep eye contact with whoever you are talking to. This is communication non verbally. The people in mali also communicate with a number of sounds and expressions. This shows agreement and disagreement between people.

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According to "Overview of Public Transportation in Sub-Saharan Africa" most of the public transportation used in Mali are taxis, minibuses, and large buses. Private companies such as Bani Transport (54 buses), DiarraTransport (25 buses and 2 extended buses), Banimonotie (10 buses), provide different amounts of mini buses and large buses. Each company takes a different route on their trail. The taxis are not said to take specified routes. Rowboats and camels are used, too.

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Buses in Mali
Credit: bus-planet.com

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According to "The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency" 10.3% of mali uses the internet. There are 22.699 million people who have telephones. These telephones are cellular mobiles. There are 169,006 subscriptions for fixed line telephones.

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According to "Mali (MLI) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners":
EXPORTS:

In 2014 Mali exported $867M, which made it the 154th largest exporter in the world. A great change from $176M in 2009 to $867M in 2014. During the past five years, the exports of Mali have increased at an annual rate of 37.6%! The recent exports are mostly Raw Cotton which is 42.2% of the total exports of Mali, followed by Gold, which is 35.9%.

IMPORTS:

In 2014 Mali imported $3.07B, which made it the 151st largest importer in the world. During the past five years the imports of Mali have increased at an annual rate of 9.1%! It went from $1.99B in 2009 to $3.07B in 2014. The recent imports are mostly Refined Petroleum which is 15.1% of the total imports in Mali, followed by Light Pure Woven Cotton, which is 5.38%.

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Mali's Imports
Credit: tradingeconomics.com

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Mali's Exports
Credit: tradingeconomics.com

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According to "Mali: Seeking Opportunity Abroad | migrationpolicy.org" In Mali, people migrate to different places to that they can earn money. When people begin looking for work, they find opportunities in differing areas. Within the agricultural sector, the main job opportunities are in cotton, the rice crops along the Niger River, and seasonal labor chores in the grain sector. For those with few skills and little education, the prime migration destinations within Mali are the cotton-growing region of Sikasso and the rice-growing regions in Segou, Mopti, and Gao. While some seasonal migrants go to the fields to work in the harvest, the majority of those people working in agriculture move short distances to nearby towns or larger villages, seeking odd jobs.

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Ways People Communicate in Sub Saharan Africa

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Ways People Communicate in Sub Saharan Africa

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According to "Cell Phones in Africa: Communication Lifeline"
In few years, the mobile phone networks has transformed communications in sub-Saharan Africa. It has also allowed Africans jump right to the digital age. About one third of  the South Africans say that their device is a smartphone, one that can access the internet and apps, such as an iPhone, Blackberry or Android. The most popular activity on cell phones is sending text messages. Overall, 80% of mobile phone owners in Sub Saharan Africa say that is what they do this with their phones. A fun fact is that the second popular activity is taking pictures or videos. About 53% of cell phone owners say they have did this in 2014. Over the years for 2002-2014 the percentage of adults owning cell phones has increased. From 33% of adults to 89% of adults. 80% of people in Sub Saharan Africa use their cellphones for texting, which is a form of communication! Mobile media has taken over all of Africa and now they are doomed forever! Just kidding! I mean they do talk face to face with people, but technology is taking over the whole world. Someday even the whole universe. Soon your summer vacation will be up in space! (Maybe!)

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On the x-axis the years are 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010.
On the y-axis the numbers from top to bottom are -1 through 8.
Credit: The World Bank 2015

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Imports and Exports in Sub Saharan Africa

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Imports and Exports in Sub Saharan Africa

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According to "Sub-Saharan Africa Trade at a Glance : Most Recent Values" these are the imports and exports of Sub Saharan Africa:
EXPORTS:

Sub-Saharan Africa exported Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bitumen , worth US$ 82,235,772.40 million.

Sub-Saharan Africa exported Petroleum oils, etc, (excl. crude); preparation , worth US$ 14,297,919.47 million.

Sub-Saharan Africa exported Natural gas, liquefied , worth US$ 9,058,970.77 million.

Sub-Saharan Africa exported Diamonds non-industrial unworked or simply sawn , worth US$ 8,697,263.37 million.

Sub-Saharan Africa exported Gold in oth semi-manufactured forms,non-monetary , worth US$ 7,170,643.13 million.

1. Sub-Saharan Africa exports to India worth US$ 23,451 million, with a partner share of 8.27 percent.

2. Sub-Saharan Africa exports to China worth US$ 18,495 million, with a partner share of 6.52 percent.

3. Sub-Saharan Africa exports to Netherlands worth US$ 17,687 million, with a partner share of 6.24 percent.

4. Sub-Saharan Africa exports to United States worth US$ 13,481 million, with a partner share of 4.75 percent.

5. Sub-Saharan Africa exports to Spain worth US$ 12,897 million, with a partner share of 4.55 percent.

IMPORTS:

Sub-Saharan Africa imported Petroleum oils, etc, (excl. crude); preparation , worth US$ 35,095,562.67 million.

Sub-Saharan Africa imported Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bitumen , worth US$ 20,962,260.68 million.

Sub-Saharan Africa imported Other medicaments of mixed or unmixed products, , worth US$ 4,356,026.92 million.

Sub-Saharan Africa imported Spelt, common wheat and meslin , worth US$ 3,730,803.09 million.

Sub-Saharan Africa imported Automobiles with reciprocating piston engine di , worth US$ 3,702,156.68 million.

1. Sub-Saharan Africa imports from China worth US$ 44,320 million, with a partner share of 15.18 percent.

2. Sub-Saharan Africa imports from South Africa worth US$ 22,446 million, with a partner share of 7.69 percent.

3. Sub-Saharan Africa imports from India worth US$ 17,958 million, with a partner share of 6.15 percent.

4. Sub-Saharan Africa imports from United States worth US$ 16,162 million, with a partner share of 5.53 percent.

5. Sub-Saharan Africa imports from Germany worth US$ 14,763 million, with a partner share of 5.05 percent.

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Sub Saharan Africa's Imports and Exports

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Sub Saharan Africa's Imports and Exports

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Sub Saharan Africa's Exports
Credit: FAS Global Agricultural Trade System

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Sub Saharan Africa's Imports and exports

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Sub Saharan Africa's Imports and exports

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Sub Saharan Africa's Imports
Credit: FAS Global Agricultural Trade System

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According to "Information flows in sub-Saharan Africa" Sub-Saharan Africa has an enormously diverse media. The South African press and media production has a large press and broadcast operations in most of the other countries,including rural areas and places that don’t have that much media. Even in those areas community radio operations sponsored by external funders and telecentre access to information and technology is increasing. It has been since the earliest days of communication research that African journalists don’t have the stuff that they need to do their research.

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Movement of the People in Sub Saharan Africa

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Movement of the People in Sub Saharan Africa

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According to "Sub-Saharan African Immigrants in the United States" Between 2010 and 2013 the sub-Saharan African population increased 13 percent, from 1.3 million to 1.5 million people. In 2013, 78 percent of sub-Saharan Africans came from Eastern and Western Africa. Together, these  countries sent more than 52 percent of all sub-Saharan Africans in the United States.

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Movement of People in Sub Saharan Africa

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Movement of People in Sub Saharan Africa

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Credit: Migration Policy Institute (MPI)

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According to "Overview of public transport in Sub-Saharan Africa" People use buses, trains, ferries, and taxis to get around in Sub Saharan Africa. There are mini buses and large buses. There are traditional taxis, motorcycle taxis, and taxi buses.The population of those has grown in recent years. These types of transportation are growing all across Sub Saharan Africa.  For imports and exports ships are typically used. Though we do expect Sub Saharan Africa to become New York City, it still has traffic jams like we do here. In many ways Sub Saharan Africa is like us

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Credit: climatechangenews.com

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The region that a lot people classify Sub-Saharan Africa as is "the region of the north", this is incorrect. "The region of the north" is the regional classification of Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa is "the region south of Sahara." Sub-Saharan Africa is part of Africa"which is earths oldest and most stable landmass." In Sub-Saharan Africa there are grasslands and trees here an there. It is also a savanna and the Kalahari Dessert takes up Sub-Saharan Africa's south/Atlantic coast. The climate depends on weather your close to the equator or far from the equator. The climate also depends on the altitude.  There are also a lot of factories and trade imports from Africa. A lot of the metal and resources used in the factories come from rocks. Sub-Saharan Africa has a large variety of rocks that have been there for ages. They formed from old volcanic eruptions.

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Sub-Saharan Africa has a wide and vast landscape. It consists of desserts and tall grass landscapes.  Sub-Saharan Africa also produces most of the worlds goods.
Citation: stated in bibliography

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Mali is going through a lot right now. At the moment there is a shocking level of poverty. There is also a lot of crime including theft, kidnapping, drug dealing, and shooting.   They are also having issues with road safety. Although you can comment on how dangerous and unsafe Mali is, we are not taking into consideration is that the people who care are trying to fix their broken region.

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A map of where Sub Saharan Africa is located (the green is Sub Saharan Africa and the grey is the Saharan desert)

Citation: http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Sub-Saharan_Africa

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A political map of Mali (and the countries that border it).

Citation: https://www.international.gc.ca/cil-cai/country_insights-apercus_pays/map-carte_ml.aspx?lang=eng

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Sub Saharan Africa is located in the Eastern Eastern Hemisphere, but some countries are located in the Western Hemisphere, like part of Mali. My group can imply that based on the article "Sun-Saharan Africa" in the website http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Sub-Saharan_Africa that by looking at the map of Africa that some of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa are in the Eastern Hemisphere while others are in the Western Hemisphere.

Sub Saharan Africa is located south of the Saharan desert. It also is considered to be part of Northwestern Africa. According to http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Sub-Saharan_Africa and the article "Sub-Saharan Africa" that Sub-Saharan Africa is called that because it is located directly south of the Saharan desert.

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(Relative location)
Mali is bordered by these countries: Algeria, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Côte d'ivoire, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal. A small part of the Tropic of Cancer runs through Mali. Part of Mali is in the Western Hemisphere, even though most of it is in the Eastern Hemisphere. According to the article "Location of Mali" in the website http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/africa/mali/mllatlog.htm, it shows on a map the countries bordering Mali and says that the countries Algeria, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Côte d'ivoire ,Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal are the countries that surround Mali. Also, in the article "Sub Saharan Africa" in the website http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Sub-Saharan_Africa, it shows on the map of Sub Saharan Africa that part of Mali is in the Saharan desert.
(Absolute location)
Mali's longitude and latitude is 12°39′N 8°0′W. In the article "About Bamako" in the website http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/google_map_Bamako.htm, it states that the longitude and latitude of the capital of Mali, Bamako, is 12°39′N 8°0′W.

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Mali has the world's oldest library in the world. Also, the first emperor of Mali was really rich.He had so many opulent things that some people said before he left, he spent his days lavished in treasures in Egypt. Africa then was literally a walking gold nugget. This emperor's name was Kankan Musa Keita.

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How humans interact with the environment in Sub Saharan Africa

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How humans interact with the environment in Sub Saharan Africa

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In Sub Saharan Africa, people interact with the environment. This is called human environment interaction. Human environment interaction can be divided into 3 groups: depend, adapt, and modify. An example of depend could be depending on the herd of bison for food. An example of modify is building a dam, therefore lowering the flow of water. An example of adapting to the environment would be growing a certain crop that grows well in that region.

People in Sub Saharan Africa interact with the environment by mining the diamonds and the gold from the ground. People also take the petroleum oil from the earth and sell it. Petroleum is a chemical used in fuel. Because petroleum is flammable, there might be explosions where petroleum is drilled. An explosion where petroleum is drilled could result in the loss of human life.

The people in Africa also use the Orange River for irrigation. The orange river has two man-made dams blocking the water. The orange river was crossed starting in the 1830's to escape British rule. This time, the river was crossed by Boers . Boers were South Africans of Western European origin. This was not the first crossing of the Orange river.

The people of Sub Saharan Africa grow many different types of crops. One crop grown in Sub Saharan Africa is African eggplant. African eggplant is a red fruit picked when green and is eaten either in a stew, a sauce or eaten raw. Another crop grown is Bambara Beans.  A Bambara bean is a bean that a 2006 report said that”some  consumers claim they could live on the bean alone.” A third crop grown is Dika. Dika is so valuable, a farmer can make $300 off just one Dika tree.

In conclusion, There are many, many ways the people of Sub Saharan Africa interact with the environment. Almost everything in the world comes from some sort of human environment interaction. The current way the world is going, we need to preserve the environment. Preserving the environment is essential because if we destroy the environment, it will not be there in the future.

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As you can see, Sub-Saharan Africa is a gigantic region and Mali also has so much going on. We all worked very hard and we hope that you enjoyed our Padlet presentation. Before you go take a minute to look at our bibliography which is around because of Isadore Weitzman who took the time to make it when none of us wanted to. THANK YOU!

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Hattingh, Phillip S., Jhon H. Weillington, and Jhonnan Cooks. "Orange River." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2016. Web. 06 Oct. 2016.
By CountryBy IndicatorVisualizationData DownloadMetadataData AvailabilityHelpTariffsGPTAD UNCTAD TRAINS Analytical Database APIAPI Overview API Documentation Home About WITS ReferenceMethodologyGlossaryReference DataConcordancesLinksTrainingTraining Overv. "Sub-Saharan Africa Trade at a Glance : Most Recent Values." Sub-Saharan Africa. WITS, 2014. Web. 03 Oct. 2016.
Stone, Amanda, Abby Massy, and Alex Tung. "Africa's Indigenous Crops." Worldwatch. Ed. Lisa Mastny. Worldwatch Insitute, Jan. 2011. Web. 6 Oct. 2016.
"The Story of Africa." BBC World Service. BBC, n.d. Web. 6 Oct. 2016.
"Sub-Saharan Africa." New World Encyclopedia. New World Encyclopedia, 23 Oct. 2013. Web. 06 Oct. 2016.
Kästle, Klaus. "___ Satellite View and Map of the City of Bamako, Mali." Google Map of Bamako, Mali. One World Nations Online, n.d. Web. 06 Oct. 2016.
"Africa/." Mali Latitude, Longitude, Absolute and Relative Locations. World Atlas, 14 July 2016. Web. 06 Oct. 2016.
GAC. Government of Canada, 2012. Web. 06 Oct. 2016. <https://www.international.gc.ca/cil-cai/country_insights-apercus_pays/map-carte_ml.aspx?lang=e>.
"Mali 2016 Crime & Safety Report." Mali 2016 Crime & Safety Report. US Government, 2016. Web. 06 Oct. 2016. <https://www.osac.gov/pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=19769>.
The Editors of Encyclopedia Brittanica. "Boer." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2016. Web. 08 Oct. 2016.
"The Definition of Petroleum." Dictionary.com. Based on the Random House Dictionary, n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2016.
Zong, Jie, and Jeanne Batalova. "Sub-Saharan African Immigrants in the United States." Migrationpolicy.org. MPI, 23 Mar. 2015. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
Http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnZGQrHL0hRyM5gvvWwDFmg. "The Ancient City Of Timbuktu (SECRET ANCIENT HISTORY DOCUMENTARY)." YouTube. YouTube, 18 May 2014. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
Paterson, Cris. "Information Flows in Sub Saharan Africa." (n.d.): n. pag.Information Flows in Sub Saharan Africa. University of Leeds, 2013. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
By Comparison, as of December 2014, 89% of American Adults Owned a Cell Phone, up from 64% Ownership in 2002. "Cell Phones in Africa: Communication Lifeline." Pew Research Centers Global Attitudes Project RSS. Pew Research Centers, 15 Apr. 2015. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
"People & Culture." Our Africa. Our Africa, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
"Mali." OEC. OCE, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
The World Factbook: MALI." Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.
Findley, Sally E. "Mali: Seeking Opportunity Abroad." Migrationpolicy.org. MPI, 15 Feb. 2014. Web. 15 Oct. 2016.