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The presentation layer is a Systems Interconnection, It is used to present data to the application layer in an accurate, well-defined and standardised format. The presentation layer is sometimes called the syntax layer.

In the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communications model, the presentation layer ensures that the communications passing through are in the appropriate form for the recipient. For example, a presentation layer program may format a file transfer request in binary code to ensure a successful file transfer. Programs in the presentation layer address three aspects of presentation:

Data formats - for example, Postscript, ASCII or binary formats

Compatibility with the host operating system.

Encapsulation of data into message "envelopes" for transmission through the network

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An application layer is the seventh layer of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) seven layer model.

The application layer consists of protocols that focus on process to process communication across an IP network and provides a communication interface and end-user services. The application layer is defined as the user interface which is responsible for displaying received information to the user.

The application layer provides services such as..

File Transfer
Web Surfing  - IE, Google Chrome, Firefox
Web Chatting - Facebook messenger
Email - Gmail, Hotmail etc.
Network Data Sharing

The application layer has many responsibilities including error handling and recovery, data flow over a network and full network flow.

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The transport layer is the 4th layer in the OSI model,  The Transport layer provides services for both "connection-mode" transmissions and for "connection less-mode" transmissions. The connection mode is when the client establishes a connection to the server and transfers a file through. Connection less mode is when the data sent from a client to the server has no prior arrangement and the receiver does not know the data is coming in it packets.

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The session layer starts and ends the session while keeping it isolated.
This layer also controls single or multiple connections for each end-user application, and directly communicates with both the presentation and the transport layers. The services offered by the session layer are generally implemented in application environments using remote procedure calls (RPCs).

Sessions are most commonly implemented on Web browsers using protocols such as the Zone Information Protocol, the AppleTalk Protocol and the Session Control Protocol. These protocols also manage session restoration through checkpointing and recovery.