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The Carthaginians and Romans fought each other in the first Punic War in 264 BC. The Romans were committed to the a policy of imperialism. They wanted to control a lot of foreign land. So, the Romans expanded westward in Carthaginian territory and pretty much challenged them for some of their west Mediterranean land. Rome defeated them with their legions to win over Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia. This started when Romes conquest of the Italian peninsula interfered with Carthage. The wars was beneficial towards the Romans.

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In the second Punic war Hannibal the Carthage king, war elephants tried to take over Rome. Hannibal lead his army and elephants over the alps mountains into Rome while losing most of his army on the way  218 BCE At Rome  The Carthagens  wanted revenge for losing the first war. They gathered their army and made and long journey to surprise Rome. Hannibal was a great leader and had the courage to lead his army to victory with some sacerfices. This was beneficial to the Carthaginians

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The third Punic War was in 146 BC. The war occurred when Carthage  almost completely destroyed Rome because there was a struggle for power and for land. Rome sought revenge on Carthage and completely destroyed Carthage.  People that survived may have been sold or killed in slavery.  After the war Rome was a master of the Mediterranean.  The Romans also poured salt all over land so that nobody could grow anymore crops, this was part of there revenge. During this time in life, the senate  choose a dictator to take charge during war in the country.  The Romans did benefit from this war.  They totally defeated Carthage and they took control.

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133 "Our Sea" leads to new wealthy class

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133 "Our Sea" leads to new wealthy class

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In 133 B.C people who gained wealth were usually Generals, officials, traders, and mostly patricians.  They traded among the Mediterranean to earn money and make a fortune. They did this to make money, which would help provide food and other essentials elements of life to their families.  This was easy to accomplish because they controlled the provinces among the Mediterranean from Spain to Egypt which made it easy to trade. It was made easy because over time the Romans took power and gained control of the countries from Spain to Egypt.  This topic is related to the essential question; How should society be organized?.  Society should be organized by the type of job you have earned. In ancient Rome society was organized by wealth.  Most people earned their wealth by inheriting it in ancient Rome.

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Starting in 133 BCE, the Gracchus brothers, Tiberius and Gaius, attempted to make reforms as tribunes.  Elected in 133 BCE, Tiberius Gracchus called on the state to help the poor, and distributed farmland to poverty-stricken farmers.  10 years later, Gaius also became a tribune.  He too sought to make reforms, such as using public funds to by grains for the poor.Due to the rise of a new class of wealth and latifundias, the gap between the rich and the poor (patricians and plebeians) grew.  Local farmers weren’t able support themselves, and so tribunes such as the Gracchus brothers made the first reforms in attempts to help the plebeians.  Farmers were being forced to leave their farms and moved to the cities when they couldn't compete with the latifundias who were producing more crops for less cost, using slavery.  Plebeians sought to change Rome's current economic status.  They were angry with the way the new class of wealthy patricians had damaged the economy, forcing farmers to leave and sell their farms.  Plebeians weren’t able to make a living, and so their representatives, the tribunes (notably Gaius and Tiberius Gracchus), attempted to reform for the better of the plebeians.

This benefited the Romans, because after the assassination of the Gracchus brothers, began a period of civil unrest. From this, arose Julius Caesar, one of the best Roman emperors and who pushed through many of Rome's problems. (until he was stabbed 23 times (JK (LOL))).

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Julius Caesar is a ambitious military commander who wanted power and rose out of the chaos and dominated Roman Politics with Pompey, another brilliant general. He was a good leader because he rose through the chaos. He set out with his army around 59 B.C to make new conquests and after 9 years of fighting, he completed the conquest of Gaul. Pompey tried to make Caesar disband his army and return to Rome but Caesars refused and swiftly led his army across the Rubicon River. Civil war erupted across Roman world once again. Caesar went around the Mediterranean suppressing rebellions after one victory he announced "Veni, Vidi, Vici" meaning I came, I saw, I conquered. Caesar had a lot of influence or Rome, and he wanted to become the absolute ruler. Julius Caesar's was now the dictator of Rome.

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Julius Caesar was an army general to Rome. He helped Rome with their policy of imperialism by taking over Gaul, which is modern day France. His rule was in between 48 B.C. and 44 B.C. Caesar pushed reforms that he meant to deal with Rome's major problems. He did many things such as launching a program of public works to employ the jobless, and gave public land to the poor Romans. He granted Roman citizenship to more people and reorganized the government of the provinces.  One of the more lasting reforms was the Julian calendar, which was based upon Egyptian knowledge. This calendar is almost the exact same as the one that we use today.

Though Julius Caesar was a great leader, he still made many enemies. These enemies worried that he planned to make himself king of Rome. In attempt to save the republic government, they decided that they would kill him. In 44 B.C., in the month of March, Caesar was killed when he arrived at the senate. His enemies had stabbed him to death.

Caesar's death launched Rome into a new era of civil wars. Octavian, Caesar's grand-nephew, and Mark Antony, Caesar's chief general planned to hunt down the murderers together. However, the men disputed causing a conflict and a struggle for power. Octavian finally defeated Antony and his powerful ally from Egypt, Cleopatra, in 31 B.C.

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Octavian or Augustus was the ruler of the Roman Empire from 31 B.C to  14 A.D. During this time Augustus and all the other rulers of Rome could be considered to be a dictator. They all had complete power over the Roman Empire. Augustus' reform started with getting rid of the republic government and starting a new stable government. His reform started also had a new set of laws and putting the jobless to work. To help pay taxes Augustus ordered a census to make sending taxes easier. The census got the population count of the Roman Empire. Augustus was the grandnephew of Julius Caesar. Augustus was a great leader he was a trusted by the previous leader and he did great things for the Roman Empire and for the people in the Roman people Augustus