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Websites on History and Specifics Disorders

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Websites on History and Specifics Disorders

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https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/evolutionary-psychiatry/201112/history-eating-disorders
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bulimia/home/ovc-20179821
http://www.anad.org/get-information/about-eating-disorders/eating-disorder-types-and-symptoms/
https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/binge-eating-disorder
http://www.mirror-mirror.org/purging-disorder.htm

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https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/what-body-imagehttps://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/what-body-image

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Parents of girls face a challenge today: How do they raise their daughters to feel good about their bodies without falling into the eating disorder trap?

The facts are disturbing. Nearly half of the nation's girls are unhappy with their bodies. An obsession with thinness is affecting not only high-school girls, but also their younger sisters. According to the Center for Disease Control and National Association of Eating Disorders, by age 6 girls start to express concerns about their own weight or shape. Additionally, around half of elementary school girls are concerned about their weight or about becoming too fat.

However, there is also some good news. Girls are playing sports more, dancing more and studying martial arts - and these activities can help them develop assertiveness and healthy relationships with their bodies. But parents remain rightfully concerned for their girls. Even if your family follows healthy eating and exercise habits, there are still many societal pressures influencing girls today.

Catherine Steiner-Adair works with girls and parents in her private practice and speaks about body image and eating disorders in workshops around the country. She recommends the following strategies and talking points to help girls develop positive body images and healthy eating and exercise habits - and to help them not succumb to images promoted by the culture and adopted by their best friends.

Pink or blue? Think about the messages you are giving your daughter.
According to Steiner-Adair, the overemphasis on girls' appearance begins at babyhood. "As soon as a baby is dressed in pink or blue, the world responds differently to that baby, as there are gender-based expectations on how girls should behave and what should interest them. Adults respond so much to what a girl looks like that by age five or six, young girls are getting the notion that their body is their selling point. When body image, clothes, marketing for girls is so sexual, it is that much harder for girls to develop a healthy, non-sexualized relationship with their bodies."

Talk about who your daughter is instead of how she looks.
Steiner-Adair recommends that we compliment girls on qualities other than looks. "Parents so often say 'You look so pretty today,' but don't say things like, 'You were such a good friend today,' or 'You handled that frustration well.' It's very useful to compliment girls on their assertiveness and even their anger with statements like, 'You were brave to tell me how mad you were,' 'I like how you stand up for yourself,' 'You and I disagree and I respect your thinking,' or 'I never would have thought of that; you are so smart about these things.'"

Talk about what women look like in the media.
Girls' images of themselves are shaped by what they see around them, by brand names in magazines, and in particular, by TV shows that focus more on what women wear and how their bodies look than on what they can do. Steiner-Adair recommends parents limit, but not ban, girls' exposure to television and particularly commercials. Talk with girls about what they see to balance the effects of these images. It's never too early to begin this conversation. "By the age of two, kids are aware of brand names, so think of what the images selling those brands may be doing to them."

Make clothes choices that protect their girlhood.
Avoid buying clothes for preschool, elementary-school, and middle-school girls that make them look like sexy teenagers, advises Steiner-Adair. "We are living in a time when there are undies for five-year-olds that say 'Juicy Girl' or 'Not on a School Night.' Little girls don't need to wear thongs that say 'Eye Candy' or any clothes that promote a 'sexy chic.' They are just too young to understand this. These products call attention to sexuality, which gets in the way of girls experiencing their bodies as children."
This article contains information to help girls develop positive body images, but it does not contain advice on dealing with eating disorders. Experts recommend that if you have any reason to believe that your daughter is becoming obsessed with dieting or is binging and purging, talk to your doctor immediately.

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Raising a Girl with a Positive Body Image. Body Image & Identity. Raising Girls. Parenting | PBS Parents

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Parents of girls face a challenge today: How do they raise their daughters to feel good about their bodies without falling into the eating disorder trap? The facts are disturbing. Nearly half of the nation's girls are unhappy with their bodies. An obsession with thinness is affecting not only high-school girls, but also their younger sisters.

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13 per cent increase in number of eating disorders between 2003 and 2009

Research shows highest rate of cases in girls aged 15 to 19 and boys aged ten to 14

Eating disorder one of most common new mental health problem affecting teenage girls

Up to one in ten teenage girls has an eating disorder, medical experts have warned.

And increasing numbers of boys are also at risk, some of them as young as ten, a major study has found.

Experts said that with the young under increasing pressure to 'be perfect and look perfect', the problem is now so severe it threatens the mental health of an entire generation.

For the first time, doctors have tried to measure the rate of eating disorders through the numbers of patients attending GP practices.

Across the population as a whole, the data shows a 13 per cent jump in the number of new cases diagnosed each year between 2003 and 2009.

The highest rates of new cases are among girls aged 15 to 19 and boys aged ten to 14.

Dr Nadia Micali, of the Institute of Child Health, University College, London, which carried out the research, said: 'The absolute numbers affected by eating disorders are large.

It's 5 to 10 per cent among adolescent girls, and closer to 10 per cent.'

The incidence of anorexia and bulimia, where victims make themselves sick after eating to lose or maintain weight, have stayed fairly constant but there has been a 'significant increase' in other eating disorders, including binge eating.

In teenage girls, eating disorders are now second only to depression as the most common new mental health problem they will be diagnosed with.

One in 500 girls aged 15 to 19 is likely to be formally diagnosed with an eating disorder every year, adding almost 5,000 new patients to the growing toll.

Girls aged ten to 19 are now nine times more likely to be diagnosed with an eating disorder as they are to be diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.

Bulimia and other eating disorders account for about 38 per cent each of new cases, while anorexia accounts for one in four cases.

And there has been a steady increase in the number of cases diagnosed among boys aged ten to 14, although experts say the numbers in this group are still relatively small.

Overall incidence rates for men went up from 5.6 to 7.1 per 100,000 from 2000 to 2009.

'Other eating disorders', the most common category, went up from 3.4 to 4.2 - although the rate was up to 15 per 100,000 for boys aged ten to 14.

Dr Micali said the problem in boys was fast-growing as they fell prey to pressures of modern lifestyle and culture.

'Modern society exerts pressure for children and young people to be perfect, to look perfect and be high achievers,' she said. 'Boys are starting to suffer as girls did in the past.

'It's a mix of genes and environment, nature and nurture, but the reality is we don't know enough about what causes eating disorders yet.'

The data shows that in 2003 there were 32.3 new cases of eating disorder per 100,000 people aged between ten and 49, rising to 37.2 new cases by 2009 - a 13 per cent jump.

Binge eating has not previously been classified on its own, but last week the latest edition of the psychiatrists' manual of mental health disorders made it a new eating disorder.

'It makes up a large percentage of "other" eating disorders which potentially affects as many boys as girls,' said Dr Micali.

She said some of the increase in diagnoses over recent years could be down to better awareness among family doctors and sufferers, who are more willing to seek help.

'But I suspect these figures are an under-estimate, with many not going to their GP with symptoms that are just as bad,' she added.

The study, published online in BMJ Open, used data from the General Practice Database which contains anonymised records of 5 per cent of the population.

It found a total of 9,072 cases of eating disorders diagnosed between 2000 and 2009.

Susan Ringwood, of the eating disorders charity Beat, said: 'If the figures reflect greater awareness that's a good thing, but the increase could be the result of the pressures of modern life.'

She called on GPs to spot those at risk and take steps to help them early when eating disorders were most treatable.

Jane Smith, of the charity Anorexia and Bulimia Care, said callers repeatedly complained of poor treatment, adding: 'We need improvements in care and new ways of tackling this rising problem.'

LAURA, 18, DIED AFTER REFUSING TREATMENT IN ANOREXIA BATTLE

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One in ten teenage girls has an eating disorder and boys as young as ten are also at risk

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13 per cent increase in number of eating disorders between 2003 and 2009 Research shows highest rate of cases in girls aged 15 to 19 and boys aged ten to 14 Eating disorder one of most common new mental health problem affecting teenage girls Up to one in ten teenage girls has an eating disorder, medical experts have warned.

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Body Image & Weight Issues: What Causes Negative Views

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What is the relationship between weight, eating disorders and negative body image disorder? Signs, symptoms, and effects. Eating Disorder Hope