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As immigration became more common, there was a dramatic increase in Jewish people living in the United states. Thus, also leading to a dramatic increase in antisemitism. So called "German Jews" who actually were mostly from countries like Austria, Poland, and Bohemia, were discriminated against and perceived as having lower level jobs like store owners and clothing manufactures.

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"The Knights of the Klu Klux Klan was and is a hate group reestablished in 1915 directed against black people, Muslims, Jews, Catholics, foreign-born individuals, and other groups"(Dictionary.com).

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The policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. In this example, it is favoring those who are were seen to be 'American' (those who settled the 13 colonies) over immigrants from other countries. There is also an emphasis on language and the privilege of citizenship, as seen in the narrative text "Mother Tongue".

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Brief Introduction of how the Harlem Renaissance came to be. 

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Brief Introduction of how the Harlem Renaissance came to be. 

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The first coming of the KKK was in 1865 as a social club. The KKK slowly grew and received what they had wanted, political control, giving less need to the organization. Over the years it dwindled until 1915 when William Joseph Simmons reestablished the Klan by holding a cross burning ceremony in Georgia. This burning cross became the symbol of the
Klan(O'Neil, Patrick).

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The Great Migration and How it Lead to the Harlem Renaissance

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The Great Migration and How it Lead to the Harlem Renaissance

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After the Civil War, white lawmakers in the south still discriminated against African Americans and created Jim Crow Laws, laws that legalized and enforced segregation, and denied African Americans of equal opportunities. African Americans realized that their hopes for racially equal lives could be lived out in the midwest and north. Thousands of African Americans moved to cities like Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, and Harlem. ( "A New African American Identity: The Harlem Renaissance")

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There often was a bias when hiring against those who are not seen as “American”. In the 1920’s women from Ireland and Germany who immigrated to the US were oftentimes discriminated against and were often treated less than men and natives in the workforce. The KKK members were “natives” who thought that they were better than the foreigners, and were willing to go to the extreme to get their way.

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The connection of Nativism to Racism and Antisemitism. 

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The connection of Nativism to Racism and Antisemitism. 

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Nativism connects to racism and antisemitism because many natives thought that they were better than the immigrants because of their skin color or religious beliefs, and were treated that way by other natives. The Jewish were often discriminated against in the 1920's, because their religion was not seen to match the natives religion. There are links between migration, racism, discrimination, and religious stereotyping.

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The KKK's main focus/value is white supremacy. Besides their racist ideologies, they were also anti-Sematic and anti-Catholic, and they were against immigration, homosexuality, leftists, etc. To build on, “The main tenets of KKK ideology were racism (especially white supremacy); nativism (that fueled anti-Catholicism and anti-Semitism); temperance; fraternalism; Christian evangelicalism; and populism"(Dirks, Jacqueline). In the end the Klan members strove for political and social reform.

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The belief that certain races are sympathetic or likable but incompetent. It is a perception of positivity but actually forces races into inferior positions.

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“Hatred taught. Detestation learned. A beautiful cherub, like kindling, set to burn.”

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How did the arts flourish in Black Harlem in the 1920s despite racism?

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How did the arts flourish in Black Harlem in the 1920s despite racism?

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African Americans with different backgrounds were drawn to Harlem with the shared experiences of slavery, emancipation, and racial oppression.

"The African Americans used art to prove their humanity and demand for equality" (Harlem Renaissance). African Americans used different art forms such as poetry, literature, jazz, and painting to express their experiences of living in America.

The Harlem Renaissance continued to grow as people resisted society's efforts to categorize them and their art. Harlem was a place where people could lift each other up and connect through their creations.

The following painting is Jacob Lawerence's "Bar and Grill". It represents the divide between races in America, as well as, the movement for equal rights.

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By 1925 there were around 3,000,000-8,000,000 klansman in America.

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https://www.bunkhistory.org/resources/939

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The Klu Klux Klan's numbers rose dramatically in the 1920's. Some main contributing factors to this sudden revitalization were immigration, WW1, urbanization, and industrialization. First, there were mass amounts of immigrants coming into the country at the time from Europe and Asia, and many Americans believed that their country was becoming flooded with "Alien People". For this reason many people became sympathetic to the KKK's cause.

The KKK’s most valuable strength was its social networking. Not only that but there was also a financial motive. Members could become a recruiter and acquire money from the fees paid by those who converted. “This incentive prompted like-minded people to utilize their political, social, religious, and family networks to find new Klansmen”. The organization quickly grew in members. “The Klan was a public and political presence”(Dirks, Jacqueline).

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The KKK grew nationally and became popular across the United States, "Klan supporters upheld Jim Crow and opposed immigration, championed Prohibition, lobbied against parochial schools, and advocated forced sterilization"(Dirks, Jacqueline). The Klan was not only in small town America but also infested cities, where it grew to become so popular.
The Klan appealed emotionally to citizens by holding entertainment events and building a community to spread the KKK (Dirks, Jacqueline).

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History_of_antisemitism_in_the_United_States. Accessed 13 Oct. 2020.

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O'Neil, Patrick M. "Ku Klux Klan." Encyclopedia of American Studies, edited by Simon Bronner, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1st edition, 2018. Credo Reference, https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/jhueas/ku_klux_klan/0?institutionId=9785. Accessed 13 Oct. 2020.

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Ku Klux Klan: Klan members marching. Image. Britannica School, Encyclopædia
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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ULDNa0DWxtd8sB8WlihJikSC8u_6LWBFsuRKu3JeD_Q/edit?usp=sharing

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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Significant Figures of the Harlem Renaissance

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Significant Figures of the Harlem Renaissance

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Full of many influential black artisans, the Harlem Renaissance contained a few figures that stood out.
Langston Hughes was an African American Poet, Novelist, Playwright, that passionately wrote about equality, justice, and celebrating black lives. (Langston Hughes)

Aaron Douglas was one of the most influential artists of the Harlem Renaissance. One of is first major jobs was illustrating Alain Locke's anthology, or collection of literary works, The New Negro that showcased African American art, literature, and poetry to emphasize the African American's new found pride and dignity. (Aaron Douglas)

Jessi Redmond Fauset was another writer during the Harlem Renaissance and wrote a novel called There is Confusion that explained how African Americans found their identities in New York which, at the time, was mostly white.

Duke Ellington was an African American jazz musician who lead the way for other African Americans to express themselves. He also also had an orchestra from 1926-74. (Duke Ellington: Biography)

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Aaron Douglas paints Harriet Tubman breaking the chains of slavery and liberating her fellow African Americans from slavery.

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"A world I dream where black or white, whatever race you be, will share the bounties of the earth and every man is free."

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Duke Ellington Orchestra: Jubilee Stomp (1928)

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Duke Ellington Orchestra: Jubilee Stomp (1928)

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Duke Ellington Orch. - Jubilee Stomp (1928)

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The Harlem Renaissance and How it became Popular

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The Harlem Renaissance and How it became Popular

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Renaissance: Medieval Times transitioned into the modern world, with great art and literature expressed.

After the Great Migration,
Harlem became a popular destination for black people to settle. As more and more black people moved to Harlem, the population of white people started to decrease, and therefore the renting prices also decreased significantly. White people at the time did not want to live in the same neighborhoods as black people.  There was still a major divide between the two races after the migration, and even some up to this day.

Many believe that the 'Civic Club Dinner' sparked the Renaissance. This is because the dinner started off as a celebratory dinner to honor author Jessi Redmond Faucet on her novel, but was then decided by Alain Locke, that the celebration should in fact honor all African American writers in general. The Civic Club Dinner emerged the literature age in the United States.

Music was also developed in Harlem, and contributed to helping white people accept black people in the United States. Blues and Jazz were popular music genres from the 1910's to the mid 1930's, that attracted all people. Many thought of this period of time as the "Golden Age" for African American culture because of all the beautiful art, music and stage performances.

The Cotton Club was the first sign indicating the success and ultimate acceptance of African American culture. This Club began as a club meant for white people who wanted to experience black culture without needing to socialize with the black people themselves. This club was a start of a new outlook on African Americans and their talent, which was progressively becoming more and more admirable.

As Alain LeRoy Locke once said... "Art must discover and reveal the beauty which prejudice caricature are overlaid" (Citatis).
African Americans took advantage of their overwhelming population that continued to grow in Harlem, and were able to make history by expressing themselves and introducing their culture to other Americans. They put themselves out there, which ultimately led to their acceptance in the art and literature world.

Surge of African Americans living in Harlem after the Civil War.

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Mother to Son by Langston Hughes - Narration by Viola Davis