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Timeline of Educational Advancements in the Philippines in the times of American Period

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Timeline of Educational Advancements in the Philippines in the times of American Period

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There are time period assigned to your group. You need to add relevant information (specific textual evidence) about each date given in the timeline, e.g. the features of curriculum, the agencies involved, issues on education. You may also include pictures to enhance the visual component of the timeline. You'll be assessed on depth of response and use of textual evidence.
Note: boxes is not limited to 2 only. Use more boxes as needed in your timeline

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The successive Philippine Revolution and Philippine-American War took its toll on the public educational system, with most school structures either damaged or badly looted. This prompted the American colonizers to reform the whole system and used education as part of their colonization program called the benevolent assimilation. By this way, American soldiers built schools in conquered areas, and the soldiers themselves were the first teachers.

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The first curriculum, devised under the leadership of Fred Atkinson (1900–1902), was heavily oriented towards vocational training. It was implemented during the tumultuous early years of American rule, when colonial education officials also had to deal with issues of medium of instruction, religious instruction in public schools, and a centralized but inadequate funding system.

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Taft Commission Act No. 74 which took effect on January 21, 1901
A centralized public school system was installed under the Department of Public Instruction. Free primary education became the method by which locals were instructed of their duties as citizens. English became the language of instruction since most of the teachers were non-commissioned American military officers and military chaplains.

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During the American Period, Free primary education was provided and a school for Filipino teachers was established in January 1901. One of which is the Philippine Normal University (PNU). It was "originally established as the Philippine Normal School (PNS) by virtue Act No. 74 of the Philippine Commission. Enacted on 21 January 1901, Act No. 74 mandated for the establishment of a normal and trade school."

The free primary education was provided and a school for Filipino teachers called for the recruitment of trained teachers in America. The curriculum began to abolish compulsory religious instruction brought by the Spaniards.

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Teachers called "Thomasites" who are the American volunteer soldiers arrived to train Filipino teachers to make the Philippines self-sustainable.

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In 1901, soon after the American civil government was established in the Philippines, the American government sent 600 teachers to the Philippines  on board the USS Thomas. These American teachers and those who followed, were thus called the Thomasites.

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Year/s: 1902- 1935
During these times, the subjects in the curriculum are the following:
- English
- Agriculture
- Reading
- Mathematics
- Geography
- General Courses
- Trading Courses
- Housekeeping
- Household Arts (such as Crocheting, Sewing, and Cooking)
- Manual Trading
- Mechanical Drawing
- Freehand Drawing
- Athletics (like Baseball, Track and Field, Tennis, Indoor Baseball and Basketball)

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The curriculum shifted to the traditional “literary” education focusing on the 3Rs (reading, writing, and arithmetic) under David Barrows from 1903 to 1909.

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In 1902, Act No. 372 authorized the opening of provincial high schools.

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Act No. 1870 authorized the Governor General to establish the University in the “city of Manila, or at any point he may deem most convenient.” The UP was to give “advanced instruction in literature, philosophy, the sciences and arts, and to give professional and technical training” to every qualified student regardless of “age, sex, nationality, religious belief and political affiliation.”
UP was the result of the recommendation of Secretary of Public Instruction, William Morgan Shuster to the Philippine Commission, the upper house of the Philippine Assembly. It was meant to fill the need to meet the increasing demands for instruction in the higher levels of learning and to provide professional studies in medicine, law, engineering or applied sciences.

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From 1910 - 1935, industrial education was vigorously pursued under the administration of Governor-General Cameron Forbes and Frank White, who replaced Barrows in the Bureau of Education. Philippine elementary schools were partly reorganized to support training related to basketry and handicrafts production.

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Headed by Paul Monroe who was the Director of the International Institute of Teachers College, Columbia University, they conducted a survey as they visit all of the schools that was established in the Philippines. They wanted to know the effectiveness of the education in the Philippines. The commission found out that  in the 24 years since the U.S. education system had been established, 530,000 Filipinos had completed elementary school, 160,000 intermediate school, and 15,500 high school.

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In accordance with the 1935 Constitution, free education in public schools all over the country was provided by the Commonwealth. Nationalism was emphasized in schools – teaching the students about the deceased Filipino heroes. American trained Filipino teaches applied in the Philippines the educational reforms they learned from the United States. The educational leaders expanded the curriculum in farming, trade, and business science.

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In February 1936, By virtue of Executive Order No. 19, dated 19 February 1936, President Manuel L. Quezon gave his attention to the Education that the Philippines has and established the National Council of Education, together with the former President of the University of the Philippines, Rafael Palma, as its first chairman.

The National Council of Education made emphasis on the importance of further improvement in the  the Philippine Education's system through their recommendations. Under this era, two of the curriculums introduced and given significance of are the vocational and adult education.

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On August 7, 1940, the National Assembly passed the Educational Act of 1940 or the Commonwealth Act No. 586, providing among others, for the reduction of the elementary course from seven to six years

The same Act fixed the school entrance age at seven years and required compulsory attendance in the primary grades for all children enrolling in grade 1, adoption of the single-session, one class in the morning and another in the afternoon under one teacher to accommodate more children, and the support of public elementary education by the national government.

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Commonwealth Act No. 589 in the year 1940; established a school ritual in all elementary and secondary schools (private and public) consisting of solemn patriotic ceremonies that include the singing of our national anthem and patriotic pledge's recitation.