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Gaines, Chip. The Magnolia Story. Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2016.

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Joanna comes and sits down in an outdoor area outside of her dad's Firestone shop. She notices a guy sitting next to her that was a bit chatty and they started having a conversation with each other. In the book it says, "I was so caught up in my own thoughts that I didn't even get a good look at this guy who had started talking to me."(39) She talks to him for about twenty minutes talking about after graduating from Baylor University that whether Joanna wanted to go back to New York City for her internship or work at her dad's shop. For Chip it was clear that he wanted to stay in Waco after he graduated, since they were both Baylor graduates.

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Chip calls and says that he really enjoyed the conversation they had the other day and if Joanna wants to go out sometime, and Joanna says "okay" without any hesitation. Joanna gets ready, but Chip doesn't come after a full one and a half hour late. In the book Joanna says, "'Don't even answer it,' I whispered to my friends. 'I don't want to go anywhere with this idiot."'(47) Joanna was very mad but she finally gave in. Chip didn't even know where they should go for dinner, so Joanna suggests a place in Valley Mills, which was a small town where Joanna liked to go with her parents because of the historic mansion's charm. But dinner went well for both of them and the conversations came easy.

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Chip bought run-down houses and fixed them up for Baylor students to rent in. So Chip asks Joanna to help out in the whole business he was doing. Joanna just likes the idea how the collection of houses get all cleaned up and students would soon enter the house and live there. They were making good profit in their first business they were doing together.

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Chip told Joanna that if she wanted to go to a private concert and she said yes. In the book it says, "He was vague about what kind of music it was or what this concert was all about, but I didn't care."(94-95) When they got in the car and started driving, Chip took her somewhere else far from the buiding where concerts took place. He took her to this hallway and fell down to one knee and declared his love to her. Then he told her to knock on one of the doors in the hallway, she knocked on the door and a man opened the door and said that this was his jewelery shop and that she is here to design her ring. Joanna was shocked, but they gave her a fake ring so she could show it off to her friends and family. After that, they drove to a hotel for dinner to celebrate the engagement with their families.

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Chip and Joanna got married on May 31, 2003, at Earl Harrison House, a historic mansion.It had grand pillars and a beautiful garden. They wanted an outdoor wedding and gardens that were filled with roses. In the book it says, "The place was completely covered in flowers climbing high on grand arbors that our guests would walk under."(110) Since they really loved magnolias because of its importance in the family, they cut individual magnolia leaves for the guests to use as fans. Joanna's sister, Mary Kay, brought a guy named David, who she'd only been on a few dates with. Mary Kay caught the bouquet and David caught the garter and they also got married right then and there.

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Chip and Joanna started their honeymoon off in New York City. Joanna wanted to have Chip see the other side of her in this big city. They stayed at a very high-end, first-class hotel called the Drake Hotel. The honeymoon lasted two weeks. They drove along the cliffs of the Hudson River and stayed at another hotel that was made out of stone and looked like a medieval castle. They decided to continue up into New England, into Massachusetts, cutting through the country roads of southern New Hampshire, and crashing into Maine. Then when it was night time and they were driving around in Maine they ecountered a moose right in front of their car which was a really scary and shocking moment they had on their honeymoon.

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After the honeymoon, they came back to Waco to a small yellow house which was vacant at that time because Chip had rented it to Baylor students who recently moved out. The house was very stinky and smelly and it was awful just sleeping on the floor since there was nothing to sleep on. The stench came from the floor because there was a dog, and there was moldy food in the fridge that was never taken out. In the book it says, "It was awful. It was three in the morning. And I finally said, 'Chip, I'm not sleeping in this house.'"(139) Later, in the next few weeks, with Joanna's designing skills and Chip's fixing skills, they both worked together to fix the yellow house into something they truly loved, and into their first home. The newly renovated house had a different theme in each room and it felt like home to them.

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Joanna shows Chip her ideas of  designing and all these home decor items she could sell and decides that she needs a building so she could start her own business in selling home decor. She chooses this building that seems ugly to other people, but gorgeous to her because of all the windows and endless possibilities she could do to the building. In the book it says, "There was something cute and quirky about the place that just caught my eye."(161) The only problem was that it wasn't for sale. The property was owned by this woman whose name was Maebelle and she told them that the property was renovated a couple of times by his son. Joanna offered her $45,000 but Maebelle said that the other people were trying to get the property too since she wasn't doing anything with it and that their offeres were higher than    what Joanna offered. But after some time, Maebelle agreed to give the building to her and accept the offer of $45,000 since she wasn't going to tear it down to build something else like the other people wanted to do.

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Chip comes home and tells Joanna that he bought another house, but it needs fixing up. Chip says that the yellow house thye are living in is ready to rent out to Baylor students so they shoud move into the house he just bought and fix it up. When Joanna first went to see this house she immediately noticed that it was a very small white house that was around eight hundred square feet with weeds filling the front and back of the house. In the book it says, "I could plug into one outlet and vacuum every room! I loved that."(183) Chip told Joanna that it would be great for them since they could make great money in fixing the house up. After the renovations, Joanna loved this house as much as she liked the yellow house.

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After renovating the shop and collecting inventory, the store was opened on October of 2005, named Magnolia because   Joanna has always loved Magnolia trees and their blossoms. No one came by and Joanna was starting to panic and get nervous five minutes before it opened. In the book it says, "She was hyperventilating. No joke. I thought I might have to take her to the emergency room or something, she was so nervous."(189) Just after ten o'clock a bunch of cars pulled up, and out came a handful of rich women who were looking forward to shop at her store. They said that they were looking at the renovations being done to this building and that they were eagerly anticipating for her opening. At the end of the day, Joanna made $2,800, and it was a success for the first day of the brand new shop.

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Chip and Joanna owned three rescue mutts, Shiner, Maggie, and Blue. They were very adventurous dogs that roamed up and down Third Street, where they lived. But there was this neighbor that didn't like the dogs, so whenever she saw them she called animal control. The animal control came and gave them tickets every time the neighbor saw the dogs. So Chip and Joanna owed twenty-five-hundred dollars in tickets. But they didn't have the money just sitting around to pay the fines.

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Joanna soon delivered a healthy baby boy that they named Drake. They named him after the hotel they stayed in, in New York City called the Drake Hotel. When Drake was a week old and Joanna was sitting in the house feeding him, she heard a knock on the door, Chip opened it, and it was the police saying that they have a warrant for Joanna's arrest because the tickets were in her name. Joanna hid with the baby in the closet, and Chip said that she wasn't in the house at that moment. After the police left, they went to the courthouse to switch the tickets to Chip's name.

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While Chip and Joanna were at the courthouse switching the names of the tickets, a police officer came. The officer asked Chip to empty his pockets, take off his belt, and to put his hands behind his back. The officer didn't let them talk to the judge, but to try and arrest Chip and put him to jail. For Joanna it was a tough time since she was still recovering after giving birth to Drake and she could't carry around his car seat.

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Chip had a buddy who was an attorney, so Joanna called him saying that Chip was in jail. He said that you could get Chip out with a bail bond for eight hundred dollars. Joanna didn't have the money just lying around and she couldn't tell any of her parents or Chip's parents because it would be embarrassing. But Joanna had her shop, so she went to the cash register and the safe in the back of the shop, and sure enough there were eight hundred dollars to bail Chip out. When Chip came out, he seemed very happy and kind of chipper because he mentioned that he met his old friend named Alfonzo, who was this lawn guy that worked for him. In the book it says, "I came out and I was like, Whoa! That was awesome. Jo, I met this guy. He did this thing. You know this old guy that I used to tell you about he and I used to work together?"(239-240)

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Towards the end of 2005, Chip and Joanna bought a new lot for $5,000 to build a house on because they knew they were cramped in that tiny white house they were recently living in. Once they claimed the land, they started building the house. Joanna really enjoyed desiging the sixteen-hundred-square-foot home. They really wanted some features such as rock on the exterior of the house and oakwood floors on the inside of the house, but they couldn't afford these expensive features, so they had to settle on rock just on the front of the house and stained concrete for the floor on the inside with some scoring on the concrete.

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In 2006 Chip, Joanna, and Drake moved into their new house and as soon as they did, it felt like home. The layout of the house worked so well that they decided that they should build at least eight of these on another lot Chip bought to build student rental homes. But it meant getting a bigger line of credit and expanding this house-flipping business into a bigger company. They decided to the name the company Magnolia Homes. Joanna also found out that she is pregnant with her second child whom they later name Ella Rose.

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Joanna heard this voice inside of her saying that she should sell the shop so she could spend more time with her children. It was a hard choice for her since the shop was doing even better in the second year than the first. When Joanna told Chip she  simply said that God told her to do it. In March of 2006, they sold off everything, even the cash register. It was very hard for them since everyone in town knew about the shop and how much love it got from those people. It was Joanna's dream of opening a shop which she drew on a yellow steno pad so selling it was a pain, but she had to do it for her children. In the book, Joanna says to herself, "I will remember 'til the day I die the moment I stood on the front steps and locked that shop door for the last time as tears rolled down my face."(264)

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A lawyer calls up Chip and says that his mother wanted a smaller and closer home to everything. Chip and Joanna had these villas that that they built in this neighborhood, so they thought that one of those would be perfect for the lawyer's mother. The paperwork was all complete after they met, and the deal was for $176,000. Chip knew that they needed this kickstart to start selling the villas they were building, and to use the money for all the bills they had to still pay for.

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Starting All Over With a Place The Kids Like

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Starting All Over With a Place The Kids Like

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When they made the offer with the lawyer's mother, Peggy,  they knew that the forty acre lot that his mother was living on was for sale. Chip and Joanna always went there to show Peggy the paint colors and the designs of her new home along with the kids. They noticed that the kids really enjoyed runnnig around and playing on the lot, and just being kids. So after that they started bringing the children even more. So, Chip and Joanna asked the lawyer how much the lot was for, and without hesitation he said around a half a million dollars. But they didn't just have a half a million dollars sitting around, so they tried lowering down the price, but no luck. So they decided to sell their own house first to see how much profit they could make. Later on they get a call for a really good offer on their house and they accepted. Then another call came within that ten minutes and it is the lawyer. He said that his mother really liked the villa, and so they could have the farm with the price they mentioned before. Then they told the kids that they were buying the farm, and they got very excited.

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Joanna's phone rang, and she got a call from this woman who had an idea of putting Chip and her on TV. In 2012, they kept working hard to make it a hit TV show. The first show was also about how they turned that farm they bought into the home of their dreams. They loved using old materials because it always showed the history of it, and that's what they did to most of their house. They finally finished the house with good and bad times mostly with finance. The Fixer Upper show was mostly about how Chip and Joanna found their client's home within their price range that needed fixing up, and then they offered the amount it would take to fix it up, and then they would get to work. Finally in 2013, the business/ TV show became a big success in people wanting to love all the things they did on the show. This business was a great sucess financially because at one point they were broke and didn't have enough money to pay the bills.

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Joanna was sitting under a tree and all of a sudden she heard a voice. That same voice that told her to close the shop and spend time with her kids. The voice said that its time to reopen her shop. Joanna started fussing on how she already had a business, four kids, and a TV show and that she wouldn't even have time to run the shop. Then Joanna decided to obey the voice because she knows that it knows the best. As soon as they opened the doors, Joanna's old customes and new ones that watched Fixer Upper all came. They had to hire extra people to help because of so many customers. Joanna also made an online version for all the out of town people that wanted to buy things from her shop. Joanna also had to figure out how to make her business become a shipping company. Chip and Joanna also bought a warehouse because there was a lack of space for the inventory, and that's how their new life was settled.

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Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster In The United States

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Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster In The United States

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When Chip and Joanna got married in 2003, Space Shuttle Columbia broke up in Texas killing the seven astronauts on board. When they investigated what led to this problem, they found out that a big piece of foam fell from the shuttle's external tank and got caught in the spacecraft wing.
https://www.space.com/19436-columbia-disaster.html

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The Columbia disaster occurred On Feb. 1, 2003, when NASA's space shuttle Columbia broke up as it returned to Earth, killing the seven astronauts on board. NASA suspended space shuttle flights for more than two years as it investigated the cause of the Columbia disaster.

An investigation board determined that a large piece of foam fell from the shuttle's external tank and breached the spacecraft wing. This problem with foam had been known for years, and NASA came under intense scrutiny in Congress and in the media for allowing the situation to continue.

The Columbia mission was the second space shuttle disaster after Challenger, which saw a catastrophic failure during launch in 1986. The Columbia disaster directly led to the retirement of the space shuttle fleet in 2011. Now, astronauts from the US fly to the International Space Station on Russian Soyuz rockets or aboard commercial spacecraft, like the SpaceX Crew Dragon capsules which began "space taxi" service to the ISS in 2020.
Related: Shuttle Columbia's Final Mission: Photos from STS-107
Columbia was the first space shuttle to fly in space; its first flight took place in April 1981, and it successfully completed 27 missions before the disaster. On its 28th flight, Columbia left Earth for the last time on Jan. 16, 2003. At the time, the shuttle program was focused on building the International Space Station. However, Columbia's final mission, known as STS-107, emphasized pure research.

Columbia disaster crew members

The seven-member crew - Rick Husband, commander; Michael Anderson, payload commander; David Brown, mission specialist; Kalpana Chawla, mission specialist; Laurel Clark, mission specialist; William McCool, pilot; and Ilan Ramon, payload specialist from the Israeli Space Agency - had spent 24 hours a day doing science experiments in two shifts. They performed around 80 experiments in life sciences, material sciences, fluid physics and other matters before beginning their return to Earth's surface.

What caused the space shuttle Columbia disaster?

During the crew's 16 days in space, NASA investigated a foam strike that took place during launch. About 82 seconds after Columbia left the ground, a piece of foam fell from a "bipod ramp" that was part of a structure that attached the external tank to the shuttle. Video from the launch appeared to show the foam striking Columbia's left wing. It was later found that a hole on the left wing allowed atmospheric gases to bleed into the shuttle as it went through its fiery re-entry, leading to the loss of the sensors and eventually, Columbia itself and the astronauts inside.

Several people within NASA pushed to get pictures of the breached wing in orbit. The Department of Defense was reportedly prepared to use its orbital spy cameras to get a closer look. However, NASA officials in charge declined the offer, according to the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) and "Comm Check," a 2008 book by space journalists Michael Cabbage and William Harwood, about the disaster. The landing proceeded without further inspection.

On Feb. 1, 2003, the shuttle made its usual landing approach to the Kennedy Space Center. Just before 9 a.m. EST, however, abnormal readings showed up at Mission Control. Temperature readings from sensors located on the left wing were lost. Then, tire pressure readings from the left side of the shuttle also vanished.

The Capcom, or spacecraft communicator, called up to Columbia to discuss the tire pressure readings. At 8:59:32 a.m., Husband called back from Columbia: "Roger," followed by a word that was cut off in mid-sentence.

At that point, Columbia was near Dallas, traveling 18 times the speed of sound and still 200,700 feet (61,170 meters) above the ground. Mission Control made several attempts to get in touch with the astronauts, with no success.

Twelve minutes later, when Columbia should have been making its final approach to the runway, a mission controller received a phone call. The caller said a television network was showing a video of the shuttle breaking up in the sky.

Shortly afterward, NASA declared a space shuttle "contingency" and sent search and rescue teams to the suspected debris sites in Texas and later, Louisiana. Later that day, NASA declared the astronauts lost.

"This is indeed a tragic day for the NASA family, for the families of the astronauts who flew on STS-107, and likewise is tragic for the nation," stated NASA's administrator at the time, Sean O'Keefe.

Searching for Columbia debris

The search for debris took weeks, as it was shed over a zone of some 2,000 square miles (5,180 square kilometers) in east Texas alone. NASA eventually recovered 84,000 pieces, representing nearly 40 percent of Columbia by weight. Among the recovered material were crew remains, which were identified with DNA.

Much later, in 2008, NASA released a crew survival report detailing the Columbia crew's last few minutes. The astronauts probably survived the initial breakup of Columbia, but lost consciousness in seconds after the cabin lost pressure. The crew died as the shuttle disintegrated.

Report calls for more funding, emphasis on safety

In the weeks after the disaster, a dozen officials began sifting through the Columbia disaster, led by Harold W. Gehman Jr., former commander-in-chief of the U.S. Joint Forces Command. The Columbia Accident Investigation Board, or CAIB, as it was later known, later released a multi-volume report on how the shuttle was destroyed, and what led to it.

Besides the physical cause - the foam - CAIB produced a damning assessment of the culture at NASA that had led to the foam problem and other safety issues being minimized over the years.

"Cultural traits and organizational practices detrimental to safety were allowed to develop," the board wrote, citing "reliance on past success as a substitute for sound engineering practices" and "organizational barriers that prevented effective communication of critical safety information" among the problems found.

CAIB recommended NASA ruthlessly seek and eliminate safety problems, such as the foam, to ensure astronaut safety in future missions. It also called for more predictable funding and political support for the agency, and added that the shuttle must be replaced with a new transportation system.

"The shuttle is now an aging system but still developmental in character. It is in the nation's interest to replace the shuttle as soon as possible," the report stated.

Returning to flight and retiring the space shuttle program

The shuttle's external tank was redesigned, and other safety measures were implemented. In July 2005, STS-114 lifted off and tested a suite of new procedures, including one where astronauts used cameras and a robotic arm to scan the shuttle's belly for broken tiles. NASA also had more camera views of the shuttle during liftoff to better monitor foam shedding.

Due to more foam loss than expected, the next shuttle flight did not take place until July 2006. After STS-121's safe conclusion, NASA deemed the program ready to move forward and shuttles resumed flying several times a year.
Read more about the space shuttle program
"We're still going to watch and we're still going to pay attention," STS-121 commander Steve Lindsey said at the time. "We're never ever going to let our guard down."

The shuttle fleet was maintained long enough to complete the construction of the International Space Station, with most missions solely focused on finishing the building work; the ISS was also viewed as a safe haven for astronauts to shelter in case of another foam malfunction during launch. A notable exception to the ISS shuttle missions was STS-125, a successful 2009 flight to service the Hubble Space Telescope. NASA administrator Sean O'Keefe initially canceled this mission in 2004 out of concern from the recommendations of the CAIB, but the mission was reinstated by new administrator Michael Griffin in 2006; he said the improvements to shuttle safety would allow the astronauts to do the work safely.

The space shuttle program was retired in July 2011 after 135 missions, including the catastrophic failures of Challenger in 1986 and Columbia in 2003 that killed a total of 14 astronauts. NASA developed a commercial crew program to eventually replace shuttle flights to the space station, and brokered an agreement with the Russians to use Soyuz spacecraft to ferry American astronauts to orbit. The first commercial crew flights were delayed several years due to developmental and funding delays. As of late 2017, the companies SpaceX and Boeing both planned to start test commercial crew flights in 2019. (NASA is also working on a deep-space program called Orion that could bring astronauts to the moon, Mars or other destinations.)

Columbia's legacy

Some of the experiments on Columbia survived, including a live group of roundworms, known as Caenorhabditis elegans. Investigators were surprised that the worms - about 1 millimeter in length - survived re-entry with only some heat damage. Some of the descendants of these roundworms flew into space in May 2011 aboard the space shuttle Endeavour, shortly before the shuttle program was retired.

Columbia's loss - as well as the loss of several other space-bound crews - receives a public tribute every year at NASA's Day of Remembrance. That date is marked in late January or early February because, coincidentally, the Apollo 1, Challenger and Columbia crews were all lost in that calendar week.

In 2015, the Kennedy Space Center Visitor's Center opened the first NASA exhibit to display debris from both the Challenger and Columbia missions. Called " Forever Remembered," the permanent exhibit shows part of Challenger's fuselage, and window frames from Columbia. Personal artifacts from each of the 14 astronauts are also on display. The exhibit was created in collaboration with the families of the lost astronauts.

The crew has received several tributes to their memory over the years. On Mars, the rover Spirit's landing site was ceremonially named Columbia Memorial Station. Also, seven asteroids orbiting the sun between Mars and Jupiter now bear the crew's names.

Additional resources

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Columbia Disaster: What Happened, What NASA Learned

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The Columbia disaster occurred On Feb. 1, 2003, when NASA's space shuttle Columbia broke up as it returned to Earth, killing the seven astronauts on board. NASA suspended space shuttle flights for more than two years as it investigated the cause of the Columbia disaster.

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When Joanna opened up her store in 2005, London bombings occured that same year. The London bombings coordinated suicide bomb attacks on the London transit system killing 39 people. An hour later, another 13 were killed when a bomb detonated on a bus. More than 700 people were injured because of these four attacks.
https://www.britannica.com/event/London-bombings-of-2005

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London bombings of 2005, also called 7 July attacks or 7/7 attacks, coordinated suicide bomb attacks on the London transit system on the morning of July 7, 2005. At 8:50 am explosions tore through three trains on the London Underground, killing 39. An hour later 13 people were killed when a bomb detonated on the upper deck of a bus in Tavistock Square. More than 700 people were injured in the four attacks.

The four bombers-characterized as "ordinary British citizens" in the subsequent investigation-carried out the attacks by using inexpensive readily available materials. These factors made advance detection of the plot by authorities extremely unlikely and forced a sea change in British counterterrorism policy, which was previously focused on foreign threats. On the morning of the attack, three of the bombers traveled from Leeds, the site of the suspected bomb-making "factory," to Luton, where they joined the fourth bomber. The group, now carrying backpacks filled with explosives, boarded a train to London's King's Cross station. About 8:30 am the attackers entered King's Cross station and split up, boarding east- and westbound trains on the Circle Line and a southbound train on the Piccadilly Line. Twenty minutes later, simultaneous explosions struck trains at Russell Square (killing 26 and injuring more than 340), Aldgate (killing 7 and injuring more than 170), and Edgware Road (killing 6 and injuring more than 160). The fourth bomber then exited the Underground station and eventually boarded a crowded bus en route to Hackney. He detonated his device, an estimated 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of high explosive, at Tavistock Square, killing 13 and injuring more than 100.

The response to the attacks was immediate. The entire Underground system in central London was closed, and investigators swept the area for forensic evidence. Additionally, some 6,000 hours of closed-circuit television footage were examined in an effort to construct a timeline of the morning's events. The day after the bombings, Prime Minister Tony Blair declared, "There is no hope in terrorism nor any future in it worth living. And it is hope that is the alternative to this hatred." By July 16 police had publicly released the names of the four bombers, all of whom were killed in the attacks, and the investigation shifted to uncovering possible accomplices and motives.

After theories of a "fifth bomber" or a "foreign mastermind" were discounted, the British public was confronted with the harsh reality that four relatively unassuming young men had been radicalized into a "home-grown threat." In September 2005 al-Qaeda deputy leader Ayman al-Zawahiri claimed partial responsibility for the bombings, but the extent and nature of al-Qaeda's true role in the attacks remained murky. In April 2007 three British Muslims were charged with assisting in the planning of the July 7 bombings, but they were cleared two years later.

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London bombings of 2005 | History, Facts, & Map

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London bombings of 2005, also called 7 July attacks or 7/7 attacks, coordinated suicide bomb attacks on the London transit system on the morning of July 7, 2005. At 8:50 am explosions tore through three trains on the London Underground, killing 39.

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Google purchases YouTube for $1.65 Billion in 2006

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Google purchases YouTube for $1.65 Billion in 2006

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When Chip, Joanna, and baby Drake moved into their new house in 2006, Google purchased YouTube for $1.65 billion that same year. It was the most expensive purchase made by Google in its eight-year history. Google believes that people would move from the television to the internet, and that it would provide a good marketing hub.
http://www.nbcnews.com/id/15196982/ns/business-us_business/t/google-buys-youtube-billion/?hasFlash=true&#.Xh5pYujYrnE

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Internet search leader Google is snapping up YouTube for $1.65 billion, brushing aside copyright concerns to seize a starring role in the online video revolution.

The all-stock deal announced Monday unites one of the Internet's marquee companies with one of its rapidly rising stars. It came just a few hours after YouTube unveiled three separate agreements with media companies to counter the threat of copyright-infringement lawsuits.

The price makes YouTube Inc., a still-unprofitable startup, by far the most expensive purchase made by Google during its eight-year history. Last year, Google spent $130.5 million buying a total of 15 small companies.

Although some cynics have questioned YouTube's staying power, Google is betting that the popular video-sharing site will provide it an increasingly lucrative marketing hub as more viewers and advertisers migrate from television to the Internet.

"This is the next step in the evolution of the Internet," Google Chief Executive Officer Eric Schmidt said during a conference call Monday.

YouTube will continue to retain its brand, its new headquarters in San Bruno and all 67 employees, including co-founders Chad Hurley and Steve Chen. Meanwhile, Google will continue to run a less popular video service on its own site.

The deal is expected to close before the end of the year.

"I'm confident that with this partnership we'll have the flexibility and resources needed to pursue our goal of building the next-generation platform for serving media worldwide," said Hurley, YouTube's 29-year-old CEO.

Schmidt thinks so highly of Hurley and Chen, 27, that he compared them to Google's now 33-year-old co-founders, Sergey Brin and Larry Page.

Brin sees the similarities too. "It's hard to imagine a better fit with another company," Brin said during Monday's conference call. "This really reminds me of Google just a few short years ago."

The two companies even share a common financial bond: Sequoia Capital, an early Google investor that owns a roughly 30 percent stake in YouTube. Menlo Park-based Sequoia remains a major Google shareholder and retains a seat on the company's board - factors that might have helped the deal come together after just a week of negotiation.

YouTube has drawn less flattering comparisons to the original Napster, the once-popular music sharing service that was buried in an avalanche of copyright infringement lawsuits filed by incensed music companies and artists.

While most videos posted on YouTube are homemade, the site also features volumes of copyrighted material - a problem that has caused some critics to predict the startup eventually would be sued into oblivion.

But Hurley and Chen have spent months cozying up with major media executives in an effort to convince them that YouTube could help them make more money by helping them connect with the growing number of people who spend most of their free time on the Internet.

As its negotiations with Google appeared to be near fruition, YouTube on Monday announced new partnerships with Universal Music Group, CBS Corp. and Sony BMG Music Entertainment. Those alliances followed a similar arrangement announced last month with Warner Music Group Inc.

The truce with Universal represented a particularly significant breakthrough because the world's largest record company had threatened to sue YouTube for copyright infringement less than a month ago.

While Google has been hauling away huge profits from the booming search market, it hasn't been able to become a major player in online video.

That should change now, predicted Forrester Research analyst Charlene Li. "This gives Google the video play they have been looking for and gives them a great opportunity to redefine how advertising is done," she said.

Investors applauded the possible acquisition as Google Inc. shares climbed $8.50 to close at $429 on the Nasdaq Stock Market, then added another $3.11 in extended trading.

Several other suitors, including Microsoft Corp., Yahoo Inc. and News Corp., reportedly have discussed a possible YouTube purchase in recent weeks.

(MSNBC.com is a joint venture of Microsoft and NBC Universal News.)

"This deal looks pretty compelling for Google," said Standard & Poor's analyst Scott Kessler. "Google has been doing a lot of things right, but they are not sitting on their laurels."

Google's YouTube coup may intensify the pressure on Yahoo to make its own splash by buying Facebook.com, the Internet's second most popular social-networking site. Yahoo has reportedly offered as much as $1 billion for Palo Alto-based Facebook during months of sporadic talks.

"Yahoo really needs to step up and do something," said Roger Aguinaldo, an investment banker who also publishes a dealmaking newsletter called the M&A Advisor. "They are becoming less relevant and looking less innovative with each passing day."

Selling to Mountain View-based Google will give YouTube more technological muscle and advertising know-how, as well as generate a staggering windfall for a company that was running on credit card debt just 20 months ago.

To conserve money as it subsisted on $11.5 million in venture capital, YouTube had been based in an austere office above a San Mateo pizzeria until recently moving to more spacious quarters in a neighboring city.

Since the company started in Hurley's garage in February 2005, YouTube has blossomed into a cultural touchstone that shows more than 100 million video clips per day. The video library is eclectic, featuring everything from teenagers goofing off in their rooms to William Shatner singing "Rocket Man" during a 1970s TV show. Most clips are submitted by users.

YouTube's worldwide audience was 72.1 million by August, up from 2.8 million a year earlier, according to comScore Media Metrix.

Li and Kessler expect even more media companies will be lining up to do business with YouTube now that Google owns it.

"It's going to be like, 'You can either fight us or you can make money with us,"' Li predicted.

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Internet search leader Google is snapping up YouTube for $1.65 billion, brushing aside copyright concerns to seize a starring role in the online video revolution. The all-stock deal announced Monday unites one of the Internet's marquee companies with one of its rapidly rising stars.

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When Chip and Joanna started their show Fixer Upper, the Olympics were centered around the Olympic Park in east London where there are many  sport venues sites . Many spectators came to watch and enjoy the games. There were 26 sports with a total workforce of 200,000 people.
https://www.olympic.org/london-2012

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On the obverse, the traditional goddess of victory flies into the Panathinaikos stadium bringing victory to the best athlete. For these Games, the figure of victory is accompanied by the specific inscription: " XXX Olympiad London 2012 ".

The reverse features an abstract design with the 2012 Games emblem at its centre as a metaphor for the modern city. The design also includes a ribbon representing London's Thames river and an interlocking grid pattern that radiates from the centre and pulls the design together, giving it a sense of outreach while also representing the achievements and efforts of Olympic athletes. A square, which encases the balance of the design, opposes the circular shape of the medals and emphasizes its focus on the centre, reinforcing the sense of 'place, as in a map inset.

Wenlock

Wenlock takes his name from the town of Much Wenlock in Shropshire, which still hosts the traditional Much Wenlock Games. These were one of Pierre de Coubertin's sources of inspiration for the modern Olympic Games.

Number of torchbearers: around 500 in Greece and 8 000 in Great Britain
Total distance: 15 775 km including 2 900 km in Greece and 12 875 in Great Britain
Countries crossed: Greece, Great Britain

London 2012: An edgy look

In what was a first in Olympic history, the logo did not feature the city or the country, but the year - 2012.
Four strong, loud colours, inspired by the worlds of media, communication and fashion.

The official report published by the LOCOG consists of a single set of two commemorative books published by Wiley (The official commemorative book; The Games, Britain's Olympic and Paralympic Journey to London 2012) and a DVD, "London 2012 Olympic Games: official report". This bilingual DVD, in English and French, contains all the official texts and results, plus the "Official Film of the IOC report".

London 2012

The official report published by the LOCOG consists of a single set of two commemorative books published by Wiley (The official commemorative book; The Games, Britain's Olympic and Paralympic Journey to London 2012) and a DVD, "London 2012 Olympic Games: official report".

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On the obverse, the traditional goddess of victory flies into the Panathinaikos stadium bringing victory to the best athlete. For these Games, the figure of victory is accompanied by the specific inscription: " XXX Olympiad London 2012 ". The reverse features an abstract design with the 2012 Games emblem at its centre as a metaphor for the modern city.

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When Fixer Upper becomes a hit TV show, a meteor hits Russia  in the city of Chelyabinsk, Russia, on Feb. 15, 2013. The meteor was the size of a six-story building which broke up over the city when it crashed. The shockwave shattered glass and injured about 1,200 people. The detections were triggered as far as Antarctica.
https://www.space.com/33623-chelyabinsk-meteor-wake-up-call-for-earth.html

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The Chelyabinsk meteor was a small asteroid - about the size of a six-story building - that broke up over the city of Chelyabinsk, Russia, on Feb. 15, 2013. The blast was stronger than a nuclear explosion, triggering detections from monitoring stations as far away as Antarctica. The shock wave it generated shattered glass and injured about 1,200 people. Some scientists think the meteor was so bright it may have briefly outshone the sun.

The incident was another reminder to space agencies about the importance of monitoring small bodies in space that could pose a threat to Earth. The same day Chelyabinsk happened, the U.S. House of Representatives' Science, Space, and Technology Committee said it would hold a hearing to discuss asteroid threats to Earth and how to mitigate them as an addition to NASA's current efforts.

Coincidentally, the explosion came on the same day that an asteroid was flying by Earth. Called 2012 DA14, it passed within 17,200 miles (27,000 kilometers) of Earth. NASA quickly pointed out that the asteroid was traveling in a direction that was opposite to that of the small body that exploded over Chelyabinsk. [ In Photos: Meteor Streaks Over Russia, Explodes]

After Chelyabinsk, NASA established a Planetary Defense Coordination Office that takes data from the agency's Near-Earth Object observations program. The office's responsibilities include tracking and characterizing potentially hazardous objects, communicating information about them and also leading the coordination of a response by the U.S. government if there is a threat. (So far, no imminent threats have been detected.)

Bolides and fireballs are terms that are used to describe exceptionally bright meteors, such as the Chelyabinsk meteor, that are spectacular enough to be seen over a very wide area, according to NASA. They usually reach a visual or apparent magnitude of -3 or brighter. (The smaller the number, the brighter the object; the sun's apparent magnitude is -27.) The terms fireball and bolide are used interchangeably, although technically, bolide refers to a fireball that explodes in the atmosphere.

(Image credit: Sandia National Labs/Simulation: Mark Boslough, Rendering: Brad Carvey; Photo by Olga Krugolva/CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

Piecing together its history

In the days after the explosion, meteorite hunters worldwide rushed to the remote area to try to find pieces of the space rock (which exploded high up in the atmosphere). Just three days after the explosion, on Feb. 18, 2013, the first reports came in that pieces had been found around Lake Chebarkul, 43 miles (70 km) north of Chelyabinsk. At that same location, scientists spotted a hole in the ice that they thought could be traced back to the meteorite's impact.

"This is the biggest event in our lifetime," rock dealer Michael Farmer of Tucson, Arizona, told OurAmazingPlanet, a sister site to Space.com. When he gave the interview, Farmer was preparing to leave for Russia to hunt for pieces of the Chelyabinsk meteor. "It's very exciting scientifically and for collecting, and luckily, it looks like there will be plenty of it."

Meanwhile, experts reviewed several fragments and amateur videos of the explosion. The Russians' propensity for using dashboard cameras meant there was a treasure trove of videos of the meteor, as many cameras filmed the explosion while drivers were on the road.

(Image credit: Neuromainker via YouTube/Screenshot by Irene Klotz for Discovery News)

About two weeks after the explosion, scientists were starting to pin down the bolide's size, speed and origin. The infrasound (low-frequency) signature on the nuclear-detection network, which is operated by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, was the largest ever detected.

"The asteroid was about 17 meters [56 feet] in diameter and weighed approximately 10,000 metric tons [11,000 tons]," Peter Brown, a physics professor at Western University in Ontario, Canada, said in a statement. "It struck Earth's atmosphere at 40,000 mph [64,370 km/h] and broke apart about 12 to 15 miles [19 to 24 km] above Earth's surface. The energy of the resulting explosion exceeded 470 kilotons of TNT."

The explosion was pegged as 30 to 40 times stronger than the atomic bomb the United States dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, during World War II. Chelyabinsk, however, did not produce as much of a blast as the Tunguska meteor, another object that exploded over Siberia in 1908. The Tunguska explosion flattened 825 square miles (2,137 square km) of forest. Although it was a smaller explosion, dust from the Chelyabinsk impact stayed in the atmosphere for months. [ Infographic: Huge Russian Meteor Blast is Biggest Since 1908]

In October 2013, scientists raised a coffee-table-size piece of the bolide from the lake in which it crashed. Some of the pieces inside the meteorite were formed in the first 4 million years of solar system history, David Kring of the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston said in December 2013 at the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union.

In the next 10 million years, large rock pieces (along with some dust) combined to create an asteroid about 60 miles (100 km) wide, Kring said. This parent body sustained a large impact with another space object about 125 million years after the solar system was formed, with more strikes coming during the "late heavy bombardment" period - a time of frequent small-body strikes that occurred between 3.8 billion and 4.3 billion years ago. Two other impacts have come in the last 500 million years. Closer to the Chelyabinsk event, the parent body experienced yet another impact and was also nudged out of the main asteroid belt into an orbit that crossed near Earth's.

Initially, the Chelyabinsk bolide was thought to be part of 1999 NC43, an asteroid that's 1.24 miles (2 km) wide, but the orbit and mineral composition between the two bodies turned out to be different. In April 2015, a study in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society suggested Chelyabinsk had been a part of asteroid 2014 UR116.

(Image credit: Qingzhu Yin, Univ. California-Davis)

Asteroid fallout

In February 2014, one year after the impact, several scientists said that the danger of small asteroids was now foremost in many public officials' minds, especially because it was said to be the first asteroid-related disaster seen on Earth. Officials from the Federal Emergency Management Agency attended a planetary defense conference - a first for a meeting always dominated by scientists - and the Obama administration asked Congress for $40 million in asteroid-seeking funds for NASA, which was double what the agency had before. NASA also launched a "Grand Challenge" to get input from the public, industry and academia on asteroid-protection methods.

A few Chelyabinsk-size objects have flown harmlessly past Earth in the years since the explosion, such as 2016 QA2, which flew within 50,000 miles (80,000 km) of our planet on Aug. 28, 2016. For perspective, the moon orbits Earth at an average distance of 239,000 miles (384,600 km). The asteroid was only discovered shortly before its flyby.

NASA has been searching for potentially hazardous objects for decades; the threshold for detection, however, is pegged at a size that's much larger than the Chelyabinsk bolide. For example, in 2005, Congress asked NASA to find 90 percent of near-Earth objects that are more than 450 feet (140 m) in diameter. As of 2018, it's probable that about three-quarters of 25,000 potentially hazardous asteroids are still waiting to be found.

Asteroid detection will likely be much improved with the completion of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) in Chile, which will scan the sky for incoming threats. LSST is expected to start work in the 2020s and continue operation for at least a decade, according to the LSST website.

Several space agencies are also looking at asteroids and comets up close to better learn about how the sun's energy affects their pathways in space. One example is the OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security-Regolith Explorer) NASA mission, which reached asteroid Bennu in late 2018. Bennu is considered a potentially hazardous object, and with the spacecraft, astronomers are carefully cataloging its orbital path to better track its movements.

The spacecraft will also pick up a sample of Bennu to return to Earth, adding it to a small catalog of samples from other missions. Knowing an asteroid's composition can help scientists come up with potential deflection techniques, should it ever pose a threat. Simultaneously, Japan is also running an asteroid-sampling mission at asteroid Ryugu called Hayabusa2.
Further reading:

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Chelyabinsk Meteor: A Wake-Up Call for Earth

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The Chelyabinsk meteor was a small asteroid - about the size of a six-story building - that broke up over the city of Chelyabinsk, Russia, on Feb. 15, 2013. The blast was stronger than a nuclear explosion, triggering detections from monitoring stations as far away as Antarctica.