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Copernicus was a Polish polymath and the founder of the Heliocentric model,  which is the most accurate model of the solar system that was created during his time period.

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Ptolemy was a Greek mathematician, astronomer, geographer, and astrologer. He was the founder of the Ptolemaic model of solar system​, the most accurate Greek to explain how the planets move.

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Tycho Brahe was a Danish astronomer and writer. Overtime, he kept track of planets, stars, and other astronomical events. His accurate records of celestial bodies aided in creating the laws of planetary motion.

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Hipparchus was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. He is known for discovering the precession of the equinoxes and for founding trigonometry.

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Kepler was a German astronomer and mathematician. He is best known for his 3 laws of planetary motion. He was an influential figure during the scientific revolution and really paved the way for modern astronomy.

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Construction of the Stonehenge in England began around 2800 BC. It's actual purpose remains ambiguous, but many believe it is an astronomical observatory built by an ancient civilization.

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Galileo was an Italian astronomer, physicist, and engineer. He is best known for discovering the moon's geography, sunspots on the sun, and Jupiter's multiple moons. He was in favor of the Heliocentric model of our solar system and opposed other theories that were around during that time.

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Newton was an English physicist and mathematician. He discovered gravity, founded calculus, and formulated the 3 laws of motion that established modern physics.

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Albert Einstein was a German theoretical physicist. He developed both theories of general and special relativity, which were stemmed from Newton's own theories.

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Stephen Hawking was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author. He discovered that black holes emit radiation, which is now known as Hawking Radiation.

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Invention & improvement of the telescope 

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Invention & improvement of the telescope 

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The first telescope was invented in 1609. Galileo is well known for modifying the telescope and making it functional to view the stars and planets in the night sky. Since then, several improvements have been made to the telescope. In the 18th century, The King of England granted Sir William Herschel to build a telescope with a 12 meter focal length and a 120 cm mirror.