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This article begins by defining what assistive technolgy is. What did you find interesting? Was there anything that caught your attention?

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Assistive technology (AT): products, equipment, and systems that enhance learning, working, and daily living for persons with disabilities.

Get started learning about assistive technology and the ATIA:

1. What is assistive technology?

2. How do you choose the right assistive technology?

3. Who pays for assistive technology?

4. What is the ATIA, and how can it help you find out about assistive technology?

5. Can you attend an ATIA conference and what will you learn?

6. Can you attend an online ATIA webinar?

What is assistive technology?

Assistive technology (AT) is any item, piece of equipment, software program, or product system that is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of persons with disabilities.

AT can be low-tech: communication boards made of cardboard or fuzzy felt.

AT can be high-tech: special-purpose computers.

AT can be hardware: prosthetics, mounting systems, and positioning devices.

AT can be computer hardware: special switches, keyboards, and pointing devices.

AT can be computer software: screen readers and communication programs.

AT can be inclusive or specialized learning materials and curriculum aids.

AT can be specialized curricular software.

AT can be much more-electronic devices, wheelchairs, walkers, braces, educational software, power lifts, pencil holders, eye-gaze and head trackers, and much more.

Assistive technology helps people who have difficulty speaking, typing, writing, remembering, pointing, seeing, hearing, learning, walking, and many other things. Different disabilities require different assistive technologies.

Find more about specific assistive technologies at the websites of ATIA members and ATIA Alliance Partners. Professional organizations in the field also have helpful websites. For more links, see AT Resources.

How do you choose the right assistive technology?

Most often, the choice is a decision you make with a team of professionals and consultants trained to match particular assistive technologies to specific needs. An AT team may include family doctors, regular and special education teachers, speech-language pathologists, rehabilitation engineers, occupational therapists, and other specialists including consulting representatives from companies that manufacture assistive technology.

Find out more about how various professionals can help you at the websites of their professional organizations:

Service organizations and manufacturers offer important information as well. Start with the list of ATIA Alliance Partners.

Who pays for assistive technology?

The answer depends on the technology, the use, and the user. Many kinds of AT may cost you little or nothing, even for some very expensive items. Some examples:

School systems pay for general special education learning materials as well as technology specified in an IEP.

Government programs (Social Security, veteran's benefits, or state Medicaid agencies) pay for certain assistive technology if a doctor prescribes it as a necessary medical device.

Private health insurance pays for certain assistive technology if a doctor prescribes it as a necessary medical or rehabilitative device.

Rehabilitation and job training programs, whether funded by government or private agencies, may pay for assistive technology and training to help people get jobs.

Employers may pay for assistive technology that is a reasonable accommodation to enable an employee to perform essential job tasks.

Other sources of funds in states or communities include private foundations, charities, and civic organizations. The ATIA's Funding Resources Guide provides sources and resources to investigate as prospective options.

What is the ATIA, and how can it help you find out about assistive technology?

The ATIA is a not-for profit membership organization of manufacturers, sellers, and providers of technology-based assistive devices and services. ATIA members are active in providing assistive technology for the gamut of disabilities:

Autism spectrum disorders

Blindness and low vision

Deafness and hard of hearing

Computer access problems

Communication disorders

Mobility impairment

Mounting systems

Learning disabilities

Cognitive disabilities

Web accessibility

Augmentative and alternative communication devices (AAC)

ATIA members are not primarily focused on architectural products (specialized elevators, lifts, ramps or grab bars), transport products (wheelchairs and motor vehicle adaptations), prosthetic devices (artificial limbs and eyes), and hearing aids.

Find out more about the assistive technology products and services provided by ATIA members by looking at their websites, listed in the ATIA Membership Directory.

ATIA members possess an exceptional storehouse of experience and knowledge valuable to meeting the unique needs of persons requiring assistive technology. They have broad experience adapting their products to individual situations and helping local practitioners find one-of-a-kind solutions for consumers with disabilities.

The ATIA Conference, held annually since 1999, showcases products and services for the assistive technology community-from users to educators to industry and government professionals. In addition, the ATIA sponsors working groups through which its members work to advance industry standards as technology changes, and to find new ways to disseminate information about those advances to professionals and the public.

The ATIA and its members develop online webinars that provide continuing education about assistive technology for practitioners and interested members of the public.

Can you attend an ATIA Conference and what will you learn?

Everyone is invited to attend the ATIA Conference, to take advantage of the same broad range of learning opportunities that practicing therapists, teachers, and other industry professionals receive.

You can learn how to choose from the best existing technologies and get a first look at new ones as well as cutting-edge academic research. Teachers can learn proven ways to use AT in the classroom. Hands-on workshops teach more advanced ways to use specific products. In community forums, practitioners, persons who use assistive technology, and their families can discuss issues with manufacturers and professionals.

For some, the most exciting part is the Exhibit Hall, where you can try a full range of products, including new and developing technology. For others, the best part is meeting other people who are facing the same difficulties, sharing stories and helping each other.

Can you attend an Online AT Education webinar?

ATIA members and Alliance Partners provide a wealth of valuable information through the Assistive Technology Online Professional Development Program, both live and recorded. In Live Broadcast webinars, the audience can interact with the presenter. Webinars are also recorded and archived so people who cannot attend a Live Broadcast can access the information.

Webinars are primarily geared toward teachers and practitioners, who can use them for continuing education credits. But they can also be helpful for users, parents, and other members of the public who have learned the basics of assistive technology and want to learn more.

Explore upcoming live webinars as well as archives of recorded webinars here.

Learn more about AT

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What is AT? - Assistive Technology Industry Association

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Learn more about assistive technology: products, equipment, and systems that enhance learning, working, and daily living for persons with disabilities.

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This article has a list of different assistive technologies. Look at the list and think about how you might use some of them in the classroom.

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Assistive technology (AT) is available to help individuals with many types of disabilities — from cognitive problems to physical impairment. This article will focus specifically on AT for individuals with learning disabilities (LD).

The use of technology to enhance learning is an effective approach for many children. Additionally, students with LD often experience greater success when they are allowed to use their abilities (strengths) to work around their disabilities (challenges). AT tools combine the best of both of these practices.

What is assistive technology for LD?

AT for kids with LD is defined as any device, piece of equipment or system that helps bypass, work around or compensate for an individual's specific learning deficits. Over the past decade, a number of studies have demonstrated the efficacy of AT for individuals with LD. ¹ AT doesn't cure or eliminate learning difficulties, but it can help your child reach her potential because it allows her to capitalize on her strengths and bypass areas of difficulty. For example, a student who struggles with reading but who has good listening skills might benefit from listening to audiobooks.

In general, AT compensates for a student's skills deficits or area(s) of disability. However, utilizing AT does not mean that a child can't also receive remedial instruction aimed at alleviating deficits (such as software designed to improve poor phonic skills). A student could use remedial reading software as well as listen to audiobooks. In fact, research has shown that AT can improve certain skill deficits (e.g., reading and spelling).2,3

AT can increase a child's self-reliance and sense of independence. Kids who struggle in school are often overly dependent on parents, siblings, friends and teachers for help with assignments. By using AT, kids can experience success with working independently.

What types of learning problems does assistive technology address?

AT can address many types of learning difficulties. A student who has difficulty writing can compose a school report by dictating it and having it converted to text by special software. A child who struggles with math can use a hand-held calculator to keep score while playing a game with a friend. And a teenager with dyslexia may benefit from AT that will read aloud his employer's online training manual. There are AT tools to help students who struggle with:

Listening

Certain assistive technology (AT) tools can help people who have difficulty processing and remembering spoken language. Such devices can be used in various settings (e.g., a class lecture, or a meeting with multiple speakers).

Math

Assistive technology (AT) tools for math are designed to help people who struggle with computing, organizing, aligning, and copying math problems down on paper. With the help of visual and/or audio support, users can better set up and calculate basic math problems.

Organization and memory

Assistive technology (AT) tools can help a person plan, organize, and keep track of his calendar, schedule, task list, contact information, and miscellaneous notes. These tools allow him to manage, store, and retrieve such information with the help of special software and hand-held devices.

Reading

There is a wide range of assistive technology (AT) tools available to help individuals who struggle with reading. While each type of tool works a little differently, all of these tools help by presenting text as speech. These tools help facilitate decoding, reading fluency, and comprehension.

Writing

There is a wide range of assistive technology (AT) tools available to help students who struggle with writing. Some of these tools help students circumvent the actual physical task of writing, while others facilitate proper spelling, punctuation, grammar, word usage, and organization.

What kinds of assistive technology tools are available?

The term "assistive technology" has usually been applied to computer hardware and software and electronic devices. However, many AT tools are now available on the Internet. AT tools that support kids with LD include:

Abbreviation expanders

Used with word processing, these software programs allow a user to create, store, and re-use abbreviations for frequently-used words or phrases. This can save the user keystrokes and ensure proper spelling of words and phrases he has coded as abbreviations.

Alternative keyboards

These programmable keyboards have special overlays that customize the appearance and function of a standard keyboard. Students who have LD or have trouble typing may benefit from customization that reduces input choices, groups keys by color/location, and adds graphics to aid comprehension.

Audiobooks and publications

Recorded books allow users to listen to text and are available in a variety of formats, such as audiocassettes, CDs, and MP3 downloads. Special playback units allow users to and search and bookmark pages and chapters. Subscription services offer extensive electronic library collections.

Electronic math work sheets

Electronic math worksheets are software programs that can help a user organize, align, and work through math problems on a computer screen. Numbers that appear onscreen can also be read aloud via a speech synthesizer. This may be helpful to people who have trouble aligning math problems with pencil and paper.

Freeform database software

Used in conjunction with word processing or other software, this tool allows the user to create and store electronic notes by "jotting down" relevant information of any length and on any subject. He can later retrieve the information by typing any fragment of the original note.

Graphic organizers and outlining

Graphic organizers and outlining programs help users who have trouble organizing and outlining information as they begin a writing project. This type of program lets a user "dump" information in an unstructured manner and later helps him organize the information into appropriate categories and order.

Information/data managers

This type of tool helps a person plan, organize, store, and retrieve his calendar, task list, contact data, and other information in electronic form. Personal data managers may be portable, hand-held devices, computer software, or a combination of those tools working together by "sharing" data.

Optical character recognition

This technology allows a user to scan printed material into a computer or handheld unit. The scanned text is then read aloud via a speech synthesis/screen reading system. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is available as stand-alone units, computer software, and as portable, pocket-sized devices.

Personal FM listening systems

A personal FM listening system transmits a speaker's voice directly to the user's ear. This may help the listener focus on what the speaker is saying. The unit consists of a wireless transmitter (with microphone) worn by the speaker and a receiver (with earphone) worn by the listener.

Portable word processors

A portable word processor is lightweight device that is easy to transport (e.g., from classroom to home). It can be helpful to kids who may have trouble writing by hand and prefer to use a keyboard. Word processing allows the user to edit and correct his written work more efficiently than doing so by hand.

Proofreading programs

Students who struggle with writing (e.g., spelling, grammar, punctuation, word usage, and sentence structure) may benefit from software programs (included in many word processing systems) that scan word processing documents and alert the user to possible errors.

Speech-recognition programs

A speech recognition program works in conjunction with a word processor. The user "dictates" into a microphone, and his spoken words appear on the computer screen as text. This can help a user whose oral language ability is better than his writing skills.

Speech synthesizers/screen readers

These systems can display and read aloud text on a computer screen, including text that has been typed by the user, scanned in from printed pages (e.g., books, letters), or text appearing on the Internet.

Talking calculators

A talking calculator has a built-in speech synthesizer that reads aloud each number, symbol, or operation key a user presses; it also vocalizes the answer to the problem. This auditory feedback may help him check the accuracy of the keys he presses and verify the answer before he transfers it to paper.

Talking spell checkers and electronic dictionaries

Talking spell checkers and electronic dictionaries can help a poor speller select or identify appropriate words and correct spelling errors during the process of writing and proofreading. Talking devices "read aloud" and display the selected words onscreen, so the user can see and hear the words.

Variable-speed tape recorders

Tape recorders/players allow a user to listen to pre-recorded text or to capture spoken information (e.g., a classroom lecture) and play it back later. Variable speed control (VSC) tape recorders speed up or slow down the playback rate without distorting the "speaker's" voice.

Word-prediction programs

Word prediction software can help a user during word processing by "predicting" a word the user intends to type. Predictions are based on spelling, syntax, and frequent/recent use. This prompts kids who struggle with writing to use proper spelling, grammar, and word choices, with fewer keystrokes.

Your child's profile

Here are several factors to consider when evaluating AT products for your child:

What are her specific needs and challenges? In what academic skill areas does she struggle?

What are her strengths? AT should utilize your child's abilities to help compensate for her disability.

What is her interest, skill and experience in using technology? In what settings and situations will she use the AT tool? AT can help a child with LD function better at school as well as in other settings such as home, work, social gatherings and recreational events.

Other technology tools for learning

There are other forms of technology designed to help all students, including those with LD, improve their academic performance. These technologies differ somewhat from AT but are worth mentioning.

Instructional software is used to teach specific academic skills (like reading and writing) or subject matter content (such as history and science). It differs from AT in that it provides instruction rather than bypassing areas of difficulty.

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a philosophy that encompasses learning models, methods and products to enhance the educational experience of diverse learners (whether or not they have learning disabilities). In this approach, AT is often built into educational materials and can be customized to help students with disabilities be successful with the general curriculum.

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Assistive Technology for Kids with Learning Disabilities: An Overview

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If your child has a learning disability, he or she may benefit from assistive technology tools that play to their strengths and work around their challenges.

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This article discusses some of the pros and cons of using assistive technology. What pros and cons did you find interesting?

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What do you think of Elle and the technology she uses?How would her life be different without assistive technology?

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Assistive Technology in Action - Meet Elle

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This video does a wonderful job of demonstrating how educators can start with very basic technology and work up to more advanced methods. What do you think about this system?

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"Communication Device" Real Look Autism Episode 8

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Parents who have children with special needs have many challenges.What do parents need to know about selecting and accessing assistive technology for their children?

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National Center for Learning Disabilities (NCLD)

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Assistive Technology and Learning Disabilities

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Check out Sam! What an amazing individual! What do you think of the technology he uses. Is any of it mainstream?

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Assistive Technology in Action - Meet Sam

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ADHD and Dyslexia Strategies: How to Turn on Text to Speech on Your Mobile Device

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This is a cool website that tells all about the different types of AT that Microsoft provides. I think this could be helpful in the classroom.
(Cassidy)

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With the help of amazing third-party providers, we can provide great tools to make our accessibility software and devices even better. Find out who we use!

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This is timely, considering our talk this morning about labels and stigma.

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I really liked this article. It mentioned that assistive technology can't "cure" the students disability, but it can help the student around the challenges they face regarding their disability.
(Lindsey)

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Assistive technology is any device, software, or equipment that helps people work around their challenges.

Some examples of assistive technology are text-to-speech and word prediction.

Assistive technology includes low-tech tools, too, like pencil grips.

Technology is everywhere these days. But did you know that there are specific tech tools that can help people who learn and think differently? These tools-called assistive technology, or AT-are often inexpensive and easy to use.

What is assistive technology? How can kids and adults benefit from these tools, and where do you start? Read on to learn more.

Assistive technology basics

AT is any device, software, or equipment that helps people work around challenges so they can learn, communicate, and function better. A wheelchair is an example of AT. So is software that reads aloud text from a computer. Or a keyboard for someone struggling with handwriting.

These tools can help people work around their challenges, while also playing to their strengths. This is especially important for kids who struggle with learning-whether in reading, writing, math, or another subject. AT can help these kids thrive in school and in life. And that can help grow their confidence and independence.

There are lots of myths about AT. Some wrongly believe that using AT is "cheating." Others worry that kids who use AT may become too reliant on it.

While AT has many benefits, keep in mind that it can't "cure" things like dyslexia or ADHD. It can't replace good teaching and instruction, either.

Examples of assistive technology tools

Despite the word "technology," not all AT tools are high-tech. AT includes many simple adaptive tools , like highlighters and organizers. A great example of low-tech AT is a pencil grip .

Many AT tools are high-tech, though. And because of advances in technology, tools are now available on a variety of platforms :

Desktop and laptop computers

Mobile devices (includes smartphones and tablets)

Chromebooks (and the Chrome browser used on any device)

How to find the right assistive technology tool

With so many AT tools available, finding the right one can be overwhelming. One good approach is to choose AT that targets a specific struggle . For example, if a child struggles with writing, try dictation technology. As the child speaks, words appear on the screen.

People with access to a mobile device, like a smartphone or a digital tablet, can add AT tools to it with apps. Explore these ideas:

If you don't know what to use first, text-to-speech is a good place to start . Text-to-speech converts electronic text to spoken words, so people can listen to digital text. It can make a big difference for people who have trouble with reading or focus.

There are many free AT tools, and some are built into mobile devices.

A good way to choose an AT tool is to start with a specific learning struggle or need.

Text-to-speech is often a good first AT to try.

About the Author

About the Author

Understood Team is made up of passionate writers and editors. Many of them have kids who learn and think differently.

Reviewed by

Reviewed by

Jamie Martin is an assistive technology specialist at the New England Assistive Technology Center (NEAT) in Hartford, Connecticut.

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Assistive technology for learning: What you need to know

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Assistive technology is any device, software, or equipment that helps people work around their challenges. Some examples of assistive technology are text-to-speech and word prediction. Assistive technology includes low-tech tools, too, like pencil grips. Technology is everywhere these days. But did you know that there are specific tech tools that can help people who learn and think differently?

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I really liked this video because I thought it went along well with Lisa's first post talking about what AT was. This video really simplifies this complex concept and puts it into pretty plain words so that anyone could really understand what AT is. (Sam)

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Understanding Assistive Technology: Simply Said

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This video talks about the myths surrounding Assistive Technology. This consultant talks about negative things that a lot of people say about AT and why they actually aren't true. I think this is good information to have when talking about AT to those who may not be informed. (Sam)

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“Is Assistive Technology Cheating?” (and Other Assistive Technology Myths)

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This will be one of two posts from me, but I felt like I needed to share this. Even though we have learned that assistive technology does not always include technology, but here are seven either cheap or free apps that could be used effectively. Let me know what you all think about them. (Rowdy)

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In the digital age, electronics no longer provide only classroom distractions, but also fantastic educational tools. Perhaps this holds truest within the special education realm. Equipping your child or student with the right iPad and iPhone apps can enhance his or her learning process. Determining the correct app might seem overwhelming, but fear not! Below are several popular and practical apps to consider.

Speak It!: A text-to-speech app, Speak It! can help your learner read or speak. Simply copy and paste selected text and Speak It! reads the words out loud. The app highlights each spoken word so that kids can more easily follow along with the text. This $1.99 app gives a non-verbal child a voice so that he or she can interact with classmates. Just type what you want to say and Speak It! does the rest. The ability to save countless phrases adds convenience by eliminating the need to type the same phrases over and over again.

Read2Go: Read2Go corresponds with Bookshare, a digital library that makes books available to students with reading-related disabilities such as dyslexia and vision issues. The app costs $19.99 but allows you to access Bookshare's expansive library featuring over 170,000 books via your iPad or iPhone. While Read2Go requires a Bookshare membership, an award from the U.S. Department of Education Office of Special Education Programs offers free memberships to schools and students who meet certain qualifications.

Dragon Dictation: Students who have difficulty writing due to disabilities can benefit from the free Dragon Dictation app. This voice recognition technology app enables a student's iPad or iPhone to capture and document what the child says. Users rave about the app's accuracy.

Notability: People learn differently and the note-taking app Notability embraces this notion. Kathleen H. McClaskey, a digital learning consultant and reoccurring guest on the special education-focused The Inclusive Class Podcast, noted during her September 14th 2012 appearance on this program that Notability works especially well with visual learners. Additionally, those who excel through listening will certainly find the $1.99 app's audio recording component useful. Given Notability's versatility and low price, it's no surprise that Apple named the app 2012's bestselling note taker.

Talking Calculator: If a visual disability makes using a calculator difficult for your child or student, the Talking Calculator app could become your ideal solution. Talking Calculator features large colorful buttons, creating an easy-to-use interface. Plus, as the app's name suggests, the calculator talks. Put your finger on the screen and Talking Calculator tells you what button your finger hovers over. Perform a calculation and the calculator vocalizes the answer. At $1.99, Talking Calculator can change math from a dreaded subject into a fun and enjoyable experience.

Virtual Manipulatives!: Another math-related app, Virtual Manipulatives! uses visuals to effectively teach fractions, decimals and percentages. Virtual Manipulatives! ranks among the top 50 free educational apps and received honors as an Apple staff favorite.

Draw Free for iPad: When a school project entails an artistic element, consider Draw Free for iPad. General education teacher and Learn It In Five website creator Mark Barnes specifically notes that the Draw Free for iPad works well for students with fine motor skills issues. Barnes has personally seen students with disabilities succeed inside his mainstream classroom using this free app.

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Assistive Technology - Top Apps for Students with Special Needs

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In the digital age, electronics no longer provide only classroom distractions, but also fantastic educational tools. Perhaps this holds truest within the special education realm. Equipping your child or student with the right iPad and iPhone apps can enhance his or her learning process. Determining the correct app might seem overwhelming, but fear not!

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I thought this article gave good examples of specific software/forms of AT that we've been discussing. Any on the list that surprised you? (Andie)

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According to the National Education Association (NEA), the number of U.S. students enrolled in special education programs has risen 30 percent over the past 10 years. Additionally, the NEA reports that nearly every general education classroom in the country includes students with disabilities, as three out of every four students with disabilities spends part or all of their school day in a general education classroom.

But as the number of students in special education programs has increased, the supply of special education instructors has not kept pace. Based on the Department of Education's Teacher Shortage Area Nationwide Listing, 47 states in the 2014-15 school year were in need of special education instructors.

One tool to help students with disabilities even in the face of a special education teacher shortage is assistive technology. Today, assistive technology can help students with certain disabilities learn more effectively. Ranging in sophistication from "low" technologies such as a graphic organizer worksheet to "high" technologies including cutting-edge software and smartphone apps, assistive technology is a growing and dynamic field. Several areas of assistive technology and sample products may be found in any given classroom, making a difference in how students of all abilities learn.

Text to Speech

As an assistive technology, text-to-speech (TTS) software is designed to help children who have difficulties reading standard print. Common print disabilities can include blindness, dyslexia or any type of visual impairment, learning disability or other physical condition that impedes the ability to read. However, other students can benefit from TTS technology, such as children that have autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or an intellectual disability.

The technology works by scanning and then reading the words to the student in a synthesized voice, using a large number of speech sounds that make up words in any given context. With the advances in speech synthesis, TTS technology is more accurate and lifelike than ever.

At about the size and weight of a paperback book, the Intel Reader is mobile enough to use in any environment. Students can also transfer content from a home computer, or save generated audio versions of printed materials to a computer. Available voices vary in gender, pitch and speed.

* Multiple TTS voices

* Support for 18 languages and dialects

* Talking spell-checker

* Picture dictionary graphics for more than 40,000 words

* Text magnification

* Tools for test taking, essay writing, note taking, reference and more

The Kurzweil 3000 strives to provide students with a multi-sensory approach to literacy learning. It is available for Windows and Macintosh.

Graphic Organizers

Graphic organizers can be effective in helping students organize their thoughts during the writing process. As an assistive technology, graphic organizers can be a strong choice for students with dysgraphia or disorders of written expressions - particularly the conceptual aspects of writing.

Graphic organizers work by helping the student map out a course of action. Depending on the type of writing, the graphic organizer can prompt the writer to describe an object, chart out a course of events or perform some other task that can help in planning the piece. Graphic organizers vary by type and technological sophistication.

Low-Tech Handouts
Graphic organizers do not need to be technologically advanced; in fact, they can exist in simple handout form.

Sample handouts can be found at the Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company. The sandwich chart can assist students with paragraph writing. The sequence chart can help with narrative writing and the ordering of events. The sense chart is designed for descriptive writing, where writers are prompted for terms that characterize and express an item. Dozens of other sample charts exist and can help students with virtually any type of writing.

Other features include a talking spell checker that uses TTS technology, a bibliography tool, a dictionary and the ability for teachers to add locked text into the program for further guidance. Draft:Builder is available for Windows and Macintosh.

Assistive Listening Systems

A variety of assistive listening systems, or hearing assistive technology, can help students who are deaf or hard of hearing, as well as those with other auditory and learning problems. According to the National Association for the Deaf, assistive listening systems can be used to enhance the reach and effectiveness of hearing aids and cochlear implants, or by children who do not need those tools but still need help hearing. Assistive listening systems use a microphone, a type of transmission technology and a device for capturing and bringing the sound to the ear. The specific transmission technology used in the system is typically what contrasts one type of assistive listening system from another.

FM systems work using radio broadcast technology. With a transmitter microphone and a receiver, the teacher and student can maintain a consistent sound level regardless of distance and background noise. Additionally, ASHA notes that the hearing aid microphone can be turned off, so the student can concentrate on the teacher alone.

Sound-Field Systems
Sound-field systems are a strong choice for classrooms that need to assist listening for all children in the class. ASHA notes that these systems benefit not only children that have hearing loss, but those that have other auditory and learning problems, such as language delays, central auditory processing disorder, articulation disorders and development delays. Additionally, sound-field systems can be used for students who are learning English as a second language.

Sound-field systems use a microphone that projects sound through mounted speakers around the classroom. In classrooms that have good acoustics, sound is able to travel evenly throughout space, eliminating problems of distance between the speaker and each listener.

Sip-and-Puff Systems

Sip-and-puff systems are used by students who have mobility challenges, such as paralysis and fine motor skill disabilities. These systems allow for control of a computer, mobile device or some other technological application by the child moving the device with his or her mouth. Similar to a joystick, the child can move the controller in any direction and click on various navigational tools using either a sip or a puff. An on-screen keyboard allows the child to type using the same movements.

Sip-and-puff systems are a type of switch device, which refers to the technology used to replace a computer keyboard or mouse. Other switch devices include buttons or other objects that a student can touch, push, pull, kick or perform some other simple action that can then control the device.

The product supports Windows, Macintosh, Linux and Unix based computers, in addition to Android and iOS mobile devices. It can support one or two external switches, and has two types of mouthpieces.

The product supports Windows, Macintosh and Linux based computers. Two pressure switches connect the system to the user interface solution for use on electronic devices.

Proofreading Software

Proofreading software is a branch of assistive technology that goes above and beyond the typical proofreading features found in a word processing system, such as correcting words frequently misspelled by students with dyslexia. A number of other features offered within this category can help students work on his or her English skill set to become a more effective and accurate writer.

Although primarily geared towards individuals with dyslexia, proofreading software can be helpful to those with any type of learning disorder that makes writing and reading challenging.

* Grammar checker that analyzes context to determine any errors or misspellings. For instance, Ginger can recognize whether "there," "their" or "they're" should be used in a sentence, which is a common mistake in writing.

* Word prediction and sentence rephrasing tools that can be helpful for students learning how to construct sentences properly.

* TTS functionality so students can hear what they've written.

* A personal trainer that provides practice sessions based on past mistakes made by the student.

Ginger is available for Windows and Macintosh systems, as well as for use on iOS and Android mobile devices.

It features the ability to learn from the user's past mistakes, personalizing suggestions for spelling and grammatical errors. Ghotit can predict words, check passages of text contextually, read text aloud using TTS technology and recognize split and merged words. It also includes an integrated dictionary for students to quickly look up a word.

Math Tools

A range of technology and tools can help students that have trouble with math, most commonly found in a learning disability called dyscalculia. Dyscalculia makes it difficult to grasp numbers and it is characterized by a general lack of understanding in the field of math.

Assistive technology in math is not just for those with dyscalculia. It can also help students with blindness, fine motor skill disabilities or some other type of disability that makes it difficult to perform math-related work.

In addition to these audiences, MathTalk also appeals to students with dyscalculia. The program functions as an electronic math worksheet, allowing the child to organize, align and work through problems on the screen, making it helpful for students who have difficulties performing math problems on paper.

Math Simulations
Math simulations can help students with dyscalculia visualize math problems and concepts. As a result, students can better understand the application of a particular type of problem, since many students struggle with the conceptual aspects of math.

Examples can be found at the NASA website. From video to animated simulations, teachers and students can visually see how a math concept or problem would work. And with some math simulations, students can work through the problem and then see the result play out in the simulation.

The Takeaway for Students, Parents and Teachers

Thanks to the rapid advances in assistive technology, students, parents and teachers have a seemingly limitless number of tools at their disposal.

As these tools start to appear in the home and in the classroom, parents and teachers can utilize them for students' academic and personal growth. But technology alone is not enough - to successfully use these tools, it's critical to develop a plan for their use and have regular check-ins to ensure the student is gaining the most value possible and not becoming overly reliant on these tools.

But while assistive tools have become plentiful, the same cannot be said for special education instructors. As previously mentioned, the vast majority of states in the 2014-15 school year reported a need for teachers in special education. And many general education classrooms instruct children with special needs.

Certification is a faster way for current teachers to qualify to teach this growing population. At Alvernia University Online, teachers can pursue a special education certification for grades PreK-8 or 7-12 to help make a difference for children with special needs. They will also improve their marketability in the process, gaining additional opportunities for their career.

Overall, more teachers are needed in this area. Although the advancement of technology in special education is promising, the same increase is needed for the number of special education instructors. Certification offers one solution to quickly meet this need. Learn more about Alvernia's program today.

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5 Assistive Technology Tools That Are Making a Difference

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According to the National Education Association (NEA), the number of U.S. students enrolled in special education programs has risen 30 percent over the past 10 years. Additionally, the NEA reports that nearly every general education classroom in the country includes students with disabilities, as three out of every four students with disabilities spends part or all of their school day in a general education classroom.

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Perhaps more extensive than my last post, the ATC not only provides information on products, but also links to trainings for professionals on how to use and implement certain forms of AT.

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Providing AT Solutions. The Power of Community

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I thought this was really interesting! Thoughts??

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There's a lot of buzz these days about home assistive devices, like Amazon Echo and Google Home. But did you know that these tools can serve as assistive technology (AT) for kids with various learning and attention issues?

These devices can help with spelling and sounding out words, solving basic math problems, and making sure kids stay on schedule. Hear from AT consultant Jamie Martin on the whys and hows of using these tools for kids with learning and attention issues. Then find out why he thinks home assistant devices are the future of AT.

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2-Minute Tutorial: How to Use Home Assistant Devices as Assistive Technology

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There's a lot of buzz these days about home assistive devices, like Amazon Echo and Google Home. But did you know that these tools can serve as assistive technology (AT) for kids with various learning and attention issues? These devices can help with spelling and sounding out words, solving basic math problems, and making sure kids stay on schedule.

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I think what I most enjoyed about this video is how it discussed AT as "returning independence through technology." I didn't really think about independence being a factor in assistive technology but really, the use of a device, to talk or improve movement helps these students gain their independence.
(Alexandra)

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I looked up "Assistive Technology" on the CEC website and found a link to this article. What are your thoughts?? How do we find a balance so that students benefit from computer- or iPad-based AT without losing crucial emotional and social interaction opportunities? (Amanda)

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Kids And Screen Time: What Does The Research Say?

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Kids read emotions better after spending several days without electronic media, according to new research.

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"Most recognizable speech generating device user in the world"

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"Most recognizable speech generating device user in the world"

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The video Lisa posted about Elle reminded me of Stephen Hawking and what technology was able to do for this brilliant physicist. (Amanda)

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Imagine you've contemplated the great scientific theories of the past and arrived at new insights based on your own observations. Imagine you've organized these thoughts into compelling arguments. Imagine that what you have to say will likely advance humanity's understanding of its existence. Now imagine your frustration if you were unable to use your physical voice or hands to speak or write the thoughts coalescing in your mind.

Such was the situation for Stephen Hawking, the great explainer of the universe, who died on March 14. He was a brilliant physicist who published more than 230 scientific articles, papers, books, book chapters and children's books. He gave countless lectures and stretched humankind's understanding of the nature of our existence. Hawking was well-regarded by his scientific peers but also explained his thoughts in ways that make sense to everyone else. This is an unparalleled contribution for anyone, but especially for someone whose communication was severely limited by ALS, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

At age 21, Hawking was given the standard two to five years to live after his ALS diagnosis. He beat the predictions. Hawking lived with the physical effects of this neurodegenerative disease for more than half a century.

Fortunately, Hawking lived in a time when researchers were rapidly developing electronic technology to assist people with physical limitations in achieving increased independence. Here at Montana's University Center for Excellence on Developmental Disabilities, we investigate and promote services and supports that increase quality of life, independence and integration of people with disabilities. For us, Hawking was a valuable role model for more than the next generation of scientists. With his recognizable wheelchair and computer-generated voice, he demonstrated the value of technological solutions to liberating the voice of those with physical and communication disabilities.

Tech fills in for functional limitations

So-called assistive technologies provide a means for people to move from place to place, to eat independently, to see and hear what they can't otherwise perceive. They include basic things like wheelchairs to help people move around, magnifiers that increase the size of text or images to make them easier to see, even nonelectronic items like large-handled kitchen utensils that are easier to hold; think about everyday things in your kitchen drawers such as can openers, spoons, spatulas and the like.

Assistive technologies range from the seemingly simple all the way to speech-generating devices (SGD) that provide a physical voice to those who don't have one. Stephen Hawking's SGD system combined relatively simple technology together in a unique and functional way. In his own words he described how he managed a tablet computer with an infrared switch that he controlled with cheek movements:

"[An open source program] provides a software keyboard on the screen. A cursor automatically scans across this keyboard by row or by column. I can select a character by moving my cheek to stop the cursor. My cheek movement is detected by an infrared switch that is mounted on my spectacles. This switch is my only interface with the computer. [The open source program] includes a word prediction algorithm ... so I usually only have to type the first couple of characters before I can select the whole word. When I have built up a sentence, I can send it to my speech synthesizer. ... I can also control the mouse in Windows. This allows me to operate my whole computer. I can check my email... surf the internet ... or write lectures. My latest computer ... contains a webcam which I use with Skype."

Setting an example and normalizing SGDs

Among his many accomplishments, one that might not be readily apparent was Hawking's role as a "spokesmodel" for the use of assistive technologies. In a way, he was like a brand ambassador - a person who made the connection between consumers and products. He demonstrated throughout his adult life that technology was simply a tool that enabled him, and others like him, to fully participate and contribute to the world around him. Rather than one particular keyboard or software system, the "product" that Hawking promoted was the concept that physical limitation cannot hamper the human mind.

Tech solutions, all of which are part of everyday 21st-century life, are used to overcome physical limitations imposed by functional disabilities. From complex solutions used by well-known people - such as the late Christopher Reeve's use of a high-tech wheelchair - to simpler ones like screen magnifiers on our computers and speech recognition "voice commands" on our smartphones, technology makes some tasks easier. In a very public way, Hawking demonstrated that it is OK - maybe even somewhat cool - to use technology to enhance or enable communication, to move around, work, play and fully participate in family and professional activities.

"Stephen Hawking is the most recognizable speech-generating device user in the world," said Julie Doerner, the former clinical coordinator of MonTECH, a program I oversee at the Rural Institute for Inclusive Communities. MonTECH, one of 56 statewide assistive technology programs in the U.S. and its territories, loans equipment for free to Montanans with disabilities to help them with the tasks of everyday life including reading, bathing, typing, eating, or simply getting from place to place. She continued, "When I explain assistive technology devices to others, I use Stephen Hawking as an example. They all know who he is." The response is usually, "ah, that's cool!"

Hawking and other high-profile users show the world that technology is not strange, nor does it diminish or magnify them as human beings. The technology they use allows others to look past disability and focus their attention on who they are, on them as people. And Hawking's fame raised the visibility of speech-generating technologies, helping them seem more commonplace than weird for people all over the world - both those who might need SGDs and those who might encounter others using them to communicate.

Advances in technology that help us interact with the world around us are limited only by our imagination. We now take for granted that we can ask our smartphone questions, that it can guide us to our next appointment, monitor our heart rate, measure our steps, help us find and communicate with others, and on and on. Smart technologies are being incorporated into our kitchen appliances, shoes, vehicles and eyeglasses. These and the world of robotics stretch our thinking about ways in which technology can enhance human independence, regardless of physical, and sometimes cognitive, limitations.

How these advances will benefit people with disabilities remains to be seen. One thing is certain though. The use of assistive technologies in our everyday world diminishes the differences between people with different abilities. We owe much to Professor Hawking's example. Ah, that's cool!

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Stephen Hawking as accidental ambassador for assistive technologies

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Imagine you've contemplated the great scientific theories of the past and arrived at new insights based on your own observations. Imagine you've organized these thoughts into compelling arguments. Imagine that what you have to say will likely advance humanity's understanding of its existence.

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My literature review is on Assistive Technology and this is a literature review about using assistive technology in math. I liked the section on anchored instruction because students can demonstrate knowledge they need to solve the math problems in a real-life situation. (Kelsie)

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University of Wisconsin Assistive Technology 

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University of Wisconsin Assistive Technology 

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As promised, I have two posts this week. ;) I found this whole article interesting, but I want to hear your ideas behind it. I feel the element of assistive technology for students with visual impairment struck me the most. There are apps that have gesture-based commands and screen and video magnifiers. What area of this article stuck out to you and why? (Rowdy)

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An important development in modern special education is the advent of assistive and adaptive technologies that teachers can use to help their students learn and achieve at the highest levels possible. The vast majority of students with special needs do not have cognitive impairments. Many of these students can learn and perform as well as those without disabilities when given adjustments to certain aspects of their environment to accommodate for various physical disabilities. And educators can make many simple accommodations for students with cognitive disabilities to similarly help maximize their learning in the inclusive classroom. Simple adjustments in the depth of information and how that information is presented can greatly aid a student who has difficulty with traditional teaching and assessment techniques.

Because assistive technologies have become such an important part of special education, the University of Wisconsin-Superior's online Master of Science in Education - Special Education program includes courses that cover these technologies. These courses are designed to help degree candidates learn the effective use of assistive technologies in a classroom with differentiated instruction practices. In addition, other courses such as "The Exceptional Learner" and "Behavioral Analysis and Intervention" give educators a thorough understanding of students' unique needs and how to best accommodate them using assistive technologies.

The simplest form of accommodation for students with special needs is differentiating the way they receive and give information. Adjusting the depth of content to suit their learning needs and the methods used to assess their performance are also straightforward ways of differentiation.

For instance, students who have trouble reading due to a learning disability may excel and process information more effectively if they receive the content in audio form. Additionally, they may have a much easier time showing what they have learned by discussing it in monitored group settings or by giving an oral presentation. But just as visual learners have written materials they can reread until they achieve a deep level of knowledge on the subject, auditory learners should be given audio materials that they can listen to as many times as needed to properly process the information.

In this example, a simple accommodation could be made with assistive technology by providing students with audio players and recordings of content materials. And on the output side, the students could be given audio recorders to record their assessments and show what they have learned.

Similar to auditory learners, some students with special needs respond best to visual engagement with information. Using visual displays, drawings and such has long been a well-utilized method of engaging visual learners. Given the wealth of technologies available currently, this mode of engagement is not only more appropriate but also more successful than ever. Students can design and model science projects with a tablet app. They can proceed through an interactive history lesson on a computer. A creative teacher can figure out how to incorporate such visual assistive technologies into most any subject.

Computers, tablets, and other interactive technologies can help teachers accommodate many other learners' needs as well. The interactive nature of tablet lessons and educational games can be exactly what a tactile learner needs to succeed, literally working their way through learning and information by touch, sound and sight.

There are good reasons why many tactile learners devote so much time to playing video games, often reading and communicating through that medium at much higher grade levels than reflected in their school performance. These games engage their hands, sight and social communication all at the same time, in effect growing their weaker learning skills by synthesizing them with their stronger skills. So, naturally, educational games that strive for this level of holistic engagement can have a similar effect.

Students with learning disabilities often experience a negative cycle of behavioral conditioning in school. They can develop low levels of self-esteem due to difficulties learning, compounded with the perceived negative stigma that learning disabilities can have. In certain situations, this negative cycle of behavioral conditioning and low self-esteem can cause students to develop poor social skills, have trouble with peer interactions, and act out repeatedly in class.

But with new, assistive digital technologies and instantaneous communication, students can learn socially through a virtual medium, which builds their self-esteem in both their own academic abilities as well as their social abilities. With these technologies, teachers can create collaborative, global classroom environments, connecting students with other students around the world, encouraging them to work together across cultural borders.

Becoming a culturally responsive citizen is essential to success in the modern, globalized world. And, as the point of special education is to ready students for college and life after school, engaging them with the global community through assistive technology and positive group interaction can help many aspects of students' cognitive and social development.

A student who is visually impaired but does not have any cognitive disabilities should be able participate fully in the general education classroom, given assistive devices appropriate to that student's level of vision. These can be thought of merely as tools, as with any other writing or reading device. Screen reader software will dictate text on a computer to the student. A host of braille writing and refreshable reading display equipment exists so students can read (and write) silently. Screen and video magnifiers enlarge text to assist students with mild visual impairment. Various adaptive keyboards help students develop hands-free typing skills. Computer programs and apps for tablets come equipped with gesture-based commands and text-to-speech modes to facilitate non-visual use. The list goes on and on.

There is truly no limit to the ways teachers and students can adapt the environment to suit a student's needs. Closed captioning and hearing aids can assist students with hearing impairments. Wheelchairs, prosthetics and other such equipment can help students with mobility impairments. Adaptive interfaces and structural accommodations of many kinds can be used to help students complete everyday activities, from special pencil grips for writing to the ramps, handrails, elevators and automatic door openers found in public buildings. Even adventure education ropes courses can be adapted for use by those with extreme physical disabilities through employing specialized harness-and-pulley systems.

The quantity and quality of content and mediums available to teachers with modern, assistive technologies can allow them to differentiate learning intensively. Combined with myriad adaptive instruction techniques, these technologies can give teachers the opportunity to actively and successfully engage all students. And, most importantly, these technologies can afford students with disabilities of all sorts a full and equal education within the inclusive classroom.
Learn more about the UW-Superior online MSE Special Education program.
Sources:
Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired: Professional Preparation Connect All Schools: Why International Collaboration? National Institutes of Health: What Are Some Types of Assistive Devices & How Are They Used? The Educator's Room: Differentiating Instruction - Stretching All Learners The National Academies Press: Input/Output Technologies: Current Status and Research Needs Edutopia: Collaborative Learning Spaces: Classrooms That Connect to the World Have a question or concern about this article? Please contact us.

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What Is the Role of Assistive Technology in Special Education?

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An important development in modern special education is the advent of assistive and adaptive technologies that teachers can use to help their students learn and achieve at the highest levels possible. The vast majority of students with special needs do not have cognitive impairments.

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I loved watching this young boy as he was explaining this Braille typewriter. This enables him to participate in writing activities. I thought no,this could be a great asset in a classroom with children who can’t see well.

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I loved watching this young boy as he was explaining this Braille typewriter. This enables him to participate in writing activities. I thought no,this could be a great asset in a classroom with children who can’t see well.

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Assistive Technology in Action - Meet Mason