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In 1836, moreover, southerners in congress succeeded in passing the so called gag rule , which for the next eight years prohibited anti slavery petitions form being read or acted upon in the house

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risking arrest , and sometimes risking their lives , abolitionists created the underground railroad, a network of escape routes that provided protection and transportation for slaves fleeing north to freedom.

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the newspaper called for a gradual program for the emancipation, or freeing, of enslaved persons.

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the movement to end slavery, continued their work in the face of southern opposition and even personal danger.

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while most reformers worked to improve society at large, some formed utopian communities

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in places where african americans could enroll , such as boston and new york, students often were segregated, or separated according to race.

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members urge people to take pledges to practice abstinence that is , to not drink alcohol .

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an organized campaign to climinate acohol consumption.

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the group, centered in concord, massachusetts, founded a philosophical movement known as transcendentalism.