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PPT on Findings - how to make graphs (useful!)

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PPT on Findings - how to make graphs (useful!)

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the reasonable explanation

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Yellow numbers are not necessary for the Methodology, but will be added to the Discussion/Conclusion of the research project.

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Question: Can we change our topic?
Answer: No, you should not change your topic, unless you really do not like it anymore - and are ready to find new sources right now. You have no time to waste, start today!

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PM504 Research project: stages (answers)

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PM504 Research project: stages (answers)

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1 Worksheet Stages of Writing a Project (suggested answers).doc

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Kinga's critical source evaluation: sample

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Kinga's critical source evaluation: sample

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Choose at least 3 sources related to your research topic and evaluate it critically using the attached document below (Tasks 1 & 2).

**Useful advice**
There are a number of ways in which you can demonstrate that you have critically evaluated a study. You can focus on:

1. Lack of relevance e.g. of time, place, methods used, focus of study, etc.
2. possible weaknesses in the methodology e.g. small sample, sampling method, lack of control group etc.
3. possible flaws in the data analysis used
areas which have not been examined i.e. a ‘gap’ in the literature
4. possible faulty logic e.g. the claims made are not based on the results

However, remember that being critical does not necessarily mean highlighting weaknesses in a study. You can also focus on:

1. strengths in the research design or data analysis
2. relevance of the study to your own research e.g. because it is similar in scale, focus, the participants, research context or design of the research
3. theories or ideas which may be particularly useful to your own research e.g. in the questionnaire

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1 SAMPLE Evaluating Sources for Literature Review.docx

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Choose at least 3 sources related to your research topic and evaluate it critically using the attached document below (Tasks 1 & 2).

**Useful advice**
There are a number of ways in which you can demonstrate that you have critically evaluated a study. You can focus on:

1. Lack of relevance e.g. of time, place, methods used, focus of study, etc.
2. possible weaknesses in the methodology e.g. small sample, sampling method, lack of control group etc.
3. possible flaws in the data analysis used
areas which have not been examined i.e. a ‘gap’ in the literature
4. possible faulty logic e.g. the claims made are not based on the results

However, remember that being critical does not necessarily mean highlighting weaknesses in a study. You can also focus on:

1. strengths in the research design or data analysis
2. relevance of the study to your own research e.g. because it is similar in scale, focus, the participants, research context or design of the research
3. theories or ideas which may be particularly useful to your own research e.g. in the questionnaire

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1 SAMPLE Evaluating Sources for Literature Review.docx

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the reasons or intentions that cause a particular set of beliefs or actions:

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base on logical

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The theory in which studies principle for the research topic.

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The theory in which studies principle for the research topic.

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What does RATIONALE mean?
Definitions:
Oxford Dictionary
rationale

NOUN

A set of reasons or a logical basis for a course of action or belief.

‘he explained the rationale behind the change’

Origin

Mid 17th century: modern Latin, neuter (used as a noun) of Latin rationalis ‘endowed with reason’ (see rational).

Cambridge Dictionary
rationale
noun [ C or U ] UK ​ /ˌræʃ.əˈnɑːl/ US​ /ˌræʃ.əˈnæl/ formal

the reasons or intentions that cause a particular set of beliefs or actions:

I don't understand the rationale for these restrictions.

He tried to explain the scientific rationale behind his work.

Collins Dictionary
rationale

(ræʃənɑːl  , -næl)

Word forms: plural rationales

countable noun
The rationale for a course of action, practice, or belief is the set of reasons on which it is based.

[formal]However, the rationale for such initiatives is not, of course, solely economic. [+ for]
The rationale of reprocessing spent nuclear fuel is inevitably being questioned.
Synonyms: reason, grounds, theory, principle
Chinese: 全部理由

Rationale + research + definition (from Google):
A rationale for research is a set of reasons offered by a researcher for conducting more research into a particular subject -- either library research, descriptive research, or experimental research.

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Rationale Reading Comp (answers 'OU 1 fathers').docx

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Please read the first sample rationale ("Working at it") and answer the questions in the worksheet above! You have 30 minutes. We will check them together afterwards.

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Rationale Examples OU Example 1 and 2.pdf

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Rationale: useful language (from Manchester University)

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Rationale: useful language (from Manchester University)

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Shuaishuai Zhong, 2358857. English name is Hansen
Feedback: 3x sources analysed well (positives/negatives are quite detailed); however, you should include more data (numbers/percentages as well, you will need these later); research design: you did not specify whether it is QUANT or QUAL research? the questionnaires are research instruments, not research design; also, you should italicise the title of journal articles in your reference list!

Q1: if you're citing the limitations from a research study, you can use a citation, yes; however, it is more important that you criticise the study well, in your own words! this is relevant for all other essays you are writing, too!
Q2: secondary citations should be rare because they usually mean you did not read the original study; in such cases, the data is usually taken from the secondary study, which could be wrong/incorrect, etc. - Glasgow University professors also do not encourage secondary citations (only 1-2 per essay maximum, if possible). Hope this helps! :)

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Feedback: 3x sources analysed in detail (especially nr. 2.); however, nr. 1.'s Findings are quite scarce, much more data is needed here, please re-check! make sure you include some numerical data, too (numbers/percentages) - these are very useful for your literature review and later, data analysis.By the way, the idea of "motivation" is extremely interesting, you might want to consider including it in your literature review if you wish - it is probably an important factor influencing consumers' attitudes.

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http://www.calendarpedia.co.uk/weekly-calendar-2018-word-templates.html
Start now, not tomorrow!

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Homework
F/b: OK, acceptable analysis, but unfortunately, not much data included. Findings should be more detailed and specific, what did the studies actually find? You should include some data into your literature review.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWLYCYeCFak

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=89NonP_iZZo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8aYA1ooRce8

Useful: mapping your ideas
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jj-F6YVtsxI

TEDx talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5nTuScU70As

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Evaluation of the source
F/b: detailed analysis of the sources, although some more data would be welcome (Findings). Well done!

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F/b: It seems like you misunderstood the homework, Ivan. You were supposed to critically analyse 3x sources, but you only did Task 2, not Task 1! You left the sample (mine) intact, but did not do the same evaluation for your 3x sources. Try to do this asap, to help you find themes and write your Lit. Review later.

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2358829
F/b: Analysis could be more detailed/specific; furthermore, there is no data included in the Findings. Try to add some, OK?

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Gloria
F/b: Somewhat limited analysis, more details would be useful! Furthermore, it is unclear why sources 2 & 3 have mixed methods, you did not explain this in detail either (you only mentioned questionnaire as the research instrument - that usually points to QUANT research, not MIXED methods). Try to add some quantitative data to the Findings, too.

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F/b: OK, some good ideas, although source 1 is not exactly relevant (it's history - Victorian England? why would you talk about that in your research? aren't you curious about today's participants and their opinion? this is not a historical paper!).
Furthermore, try to add some quantitative data to the Findings; and write a more detailed critical evaluation - what exactly are the weaknesses/strengths? You did not specify them too well.

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F/b: Very good, detailed analysis! :) The only extra you could do is add more quantitative data to the Findings. Still, well done!
By the way, "previous studies" is not a methodology - do you mean it is secondary research?

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F/b: Very good, detailed - but make sure you add some quantitative data to your literature review when writing it!

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F/b: OK, some good data is included in the analysis, but the critical evaluation (strengths/weaknesses) is not always detailed - see source 1. The other sources are better.
Furthermore, you should not concentrate on advantages/disadvantages of e-books, try to think of different themes for your literature review!
Finally, you should check what QUANTITATIVE and QUALITATIVE research means - afraid questionnaires do not belong under the latter.

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F/b: Unfortunately, this homework is incomplete (only 1 source). Furthermore, you did not analyse this source in detail - more data/critical evaluation are needed!

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F/b: Analysis could be more detailed, especially the Methodology and Findings sections! Try to add some specific data as evidence, too.

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What is a Literature Review?Introduction

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What is a Literature Review?Introduction

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Please see attached PPT.

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From Manchester University!

Compare and contrast: http://www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk/compare-and-contrast/

Being critical:

http://www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk/being-critical/

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1-5: B, B, A, D, A
2.aim, point, link, specific

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BBACA
1.aim 2.paraphrasing
3.link 4.specific

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BBACA
aim
paraphrase
link
specific

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bbaca
area
paraphrase
link
specific

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1. B
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. A

aim
point
link
specific

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aim
paraphrase
link
specific

FY

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B B A D A
aim

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aim
paraphrasing
link
specific

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BBBDA
aim point link specific

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PPT: Test and synthesis - with sample paragraph, slide 10

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PPT: Test and synthesis - with sample paragraph, slide 10

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Monday, 9th July, 2018. (+/- 2 mins.)
2.00 Fangyuan
2.13 Dongdong
2.26
2.39 Gloria
2.52 Zizi
3.05 Chuyi
3.18 Jiaqi
3.31 Henry

Wednesday, 11th July, 2018. (+/- 2 minutes)
4.00  Hansen
4.13 J
4.26 Ivan
4.39 Song
4.52 Max
5.05 Alisa
5.18 Wendell
5.31 Jessie

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Go through the whole worksheet and check each questionnaire sample (A, B, C), then write your answers here. The RQs related to these questionnaires were the following:

Questionnaire A

1.       To what extent do people have the awareness of global warming?

2.       What is the major trigger for global warming?

3.       Are there any effective suggestions to reduce the greenhouse gas emission?

Questionnaire B

1.       What attitudes do customers hold towards store brands?

2.       What factors influence customers’ general attitudes and perceptions towards store brands?

3.       Do different age groups have different attitudes towards store brands?

Questionnaire C

1.       What are some of the positive and negative attitudes towards organic food?

2.       What variables affect these attitudes?

3.       What are the main barriers to influencing organic customers’ behaviour in Glasgow?

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Try to write at least 10-15 questions based on the given situations in the first column.

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https://www.bera.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/BERA-Ethical-Guidelines-2011.pdf?noredirect=1

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Song and J

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Discussion - worksheet: should/should NOT do :)

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Discussion - worksheet: should/should NOT do :)

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Discussion - sample paragraph from UEfaP website

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Discussion - sample paragraph from UEfaP website

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http://www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk/discussing-findings/

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The study shows clearly

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The finding clearly suggest that most chinese student felt listening is most difficult part in IELTS exam.