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Upon completing a Master's Degree in Guidance Counseling I hope to obtain a job in a school as a Guidance Counselor. I want to continue to be an advocate for students through another line of work. I hope to learn as much as I can to be an effective Counselor for all students.

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www.nea.org
One of the Legal & Ethical discussion among NEA focus on Education funding. Education funding has increased for CTE, PSLF, SRF, & Title I, IDEA. Title II was trying to be removed by legislative secretary but was denied by Congress. Solutions are still being sought for DACA recipients.

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www.schoolcounselor.org
ASCA seeks Congress to enact a policy that provides safety in schools to protect students. A framework for Safe and Successful Schools is developed to ensure just that.

These are effective school safety efforts:
"Begin with proactive principal leadership.
• Allow school leaders to deploy human and financial

resources in a manner that best meets the needs of their

school and community.
• Provide a team-based framework to facilitate effective

coordination of services and interventions.
• Balance the needs for physical and psychological safety. • Employ the necessary and appropriately trained school-

employed mental health and safety personnel.
• Provide relevant and ongoing professional development for

all staff.
• Integrate a continuum of mental health supports within a

multitiered system of supports.
• Engage families and community providers as meaningful

partners.
• Remain grounded in the mission and purpose of schools:

teaching and learning. "

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I selected a topic on funding under Legal and Ethical issues with NEA because budget is very important for a school to operate. In order to get teachers paid federally on Guam get specific resources to use in the classroom, and continue with all school operations, funding is needed for all.

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ASU LIBRARY SOURCE #1:
(2018, February 12). Education funding targeting vulnerable students rather than whole districts deserves discussion. Grand Rapids Business Journal. p. 12.

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The US Department of Education discusses 10 facts of funding Education for K-12 schools (US Dept, 2014.) States are solely responsible for the education funding of schools, United states tax paying investment estimates at 536 billion dollars, States and localities are the primary funding source for their schools, Educational funding has increased, especially since higher enrollment started, IDEA and ESEA received a bigger budget for these special programs since 2001, most federal funds are sent directly to schools for use, and Schools are federally funded through laws ("10 Facts about", 2014)

It is important to know how the US funds their schools in order to see how funding can impact the learning and environment of all students. Without funding, school operations lessen and achievement can decrease. In an editorial article found online, some states are given the one budget fits all rather than money dispersed where it is needed ("Education funding", 2018). Since funding is important for schools to succeed, the state of Michigan reports low achievement in their schools. Educational stakeholders have stressed the need to fund schools or students in need ("Educational funding", 2018)

Overall, federal funds seem to be legitimized in funding schools since there are laws on how the money is distributed. However, since schools are mostly funded by their local government. It is up to the governor of that state to decide how much money is appropriated for schools and whether or not it is a priority. Elected leaders and their platform play a big role in educational funding which affects the performance and well-being of students, faculty and staff in all schools.

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WEB SEARCH SOURCE #2:
https://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/fed/10facts/index.html

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1. The U.S. Constitution leaves the responsibility for public K-12 education with the states.
The responsibility for K-12 education rests with the states under the Constitution. There is also a compelling national interest in the quality of the nation's public schools. Therefore, the federal government, through the legislative process, provides assistance to the states and schools in an effort to supplement, not supplant, state support. The primary source of federal K-12 support began in 1965 with the enactment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA).

ESEA authorizes grants for elementary and secondary school programs for children of low-income families; school library resources, textbooks and other instructional materials; supplemental education centers and services; strengthening state education agencies; education research; and professional development for teachers.

The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) is a reauthorization of ESEA. The law's express purposes are to raise achievement for all students and to close the achievement gap. This is done through accountability, research-based instruction, flexibility and options for parents, so that no child is left behind.

2. Total taxpayer investment in K-12 education in the United States for the 2004-05 school year is estimated to be $536 billion. [ * ]
Even in this current time of the war against terror, taxpayer investment in education exceeds that for national defense. In addition to the K-12 money mentioned above, taxpayers will spend an estimated $373 billion for higher education in the same school year. As depicted on the chart below, the United States is a world leader in education investment. However, nations that spend far less achieve higher levels of student performance.

3. States and localities are the primary sources of K-12 education funding and always have been.
In the 2004-05 school year, 83 cents out of every dollar spent on education is estimated to come from the state and local levels (45.6 percent from state funds and 37.1 percent from local governments). The federal government's share is 8.3 percent. The remaining 8.9 percent is from private sources, primarily for private schools. This division of support remains consistent with our nation's historic reliance on local control of schools.

4. The federal share of K-12 spending has risen very quickly, particularly in recent years.
In 1990-91, the federal share of total K-12 spending in the United States was just 5.7 percent. Since that time, it has risen by more than one-third and is now 8.3 percent of the total.

5. Total education funding has increased substantially in recent years at all levels of government, even when accounting for enrollment increases and inflation.
By the end of the 2004-05 school year, national K-12 education spending will have increased an estimated 105 percent since 1991-92; 58 percent since 1996-97; and 40 percent since 1998-99. On a per-pupil basis and adjusted for inflation, public school funding increased: 24 percent from 1991-92 through 2001-02 (the last year for which such data are available); 19 percent from 1996-97 through 2001-02; and 10 percent from 1998-99 through 2001-02.

Importantly, the increase in funds has been linked to accountability for results, ensuring taxpayers get their money's worth.

6. Federal funding for two main federal K-12 education programs will have increased by $9.3 billion since 2001, under the president's proposed budget.
Under the president's proposed budget for fiscal year (FY) 2006, 65 percent of the U.S. Department of Education's elementary and secondary school funds would go to help schools with economically disadvantaged students ( ESEA, Title I) and to support children with disabilities ( Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [ IDEA], Part B, Grants to States). If the president's FY 2006 request is enacted, the increases in these programs over the past five years will have substantially exceeded any previous increases over a similar period since the programs were created.

7. Most federal funds are sent directly to states and local school districts for their use in schools.
The president's FY 2006 budget would provide $37.6 billion for K-12 education. Of that amount, 95 percent would be distributed either directly to local districts or to schools and districts through their states. Individual schools would then use these funds for the purposes defined in the programs. Major programs include:

ESEA, Title I: $13.3 billion

IDEA, Part B, Grants to States: $11.1 billion

Improving Teacher Quality: $2.9 billion

21st Century Community Learning Centers: $991.1 million

English Language Learners: $675.8 million

Impact Aid (schools impacted by military bases and other facilities): $1.2 billion

8. There are no unfunded federal education "mandates." Every federal education law is conditioned on a state or other grantee's decision to accept federal program funds.
Federal education program "requirements" are not unfunded mandates because the conditions in federal law apply only when a state (or other grantee) voluntarily chooses to accept federal funds. Any state that does not want to abide by a federal program's requirements can simply choose not to accept the federal funds associated with that program. While most states choose to accept and use federal program funds, in the past, a few states have forgone funds for various reasons.

9. The federal commitment to education can be found in the actual dollars earmarked for education.
Like all laws passed by Congress, many federal education statutes include limits on how much future Congresses can spend. These are called "authorization caps." Actual amounts spent on education are called "appropriated levels," and they represent the actual federal commitment to education. Authorization caps are occasionally claimed to be "promises" or "goals" for federal education spending. Failure to meet these levels is sometimes claimed to demonstrate that an "unfunded mandate" exists.

The claim is simply untrue. In the history of the United States, actual appropriations have rarely matched authorization levels. If this were the standard, nearly all federal programs supporting agriculture, health, safety, construction, job training and transportation would be below their congressional "goals."

10. K-12 education is funded at the federal level through a variety of laws and programs.
The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) gives our schools and our country groundbreaking education reform based on stronger accountability for results, more flexibility for states and communities, an emphasis on proven education methods, and more options for parents. Passed with bipartisan support in Congress and signed by President Bush on Jan. 8, 2002, the law represents the most comprehensive revision of federal education programs since the passage of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. NCLB programs in the president's FY 2006 proposed budget include:

Title I, the largest federal K-12 program, would provide over $13 billion to local districts to improve the academic achievement of children in high-poverty schools.

Reading First would supply over $1.1 billion to states to promote the use of scientifically based research to provide high-quality reading instruction for grades K-3.

Improving Teacher Quality Grants would provide states with $2.9 billion for teacher professional development and training.

English Language Acquisition would provide $675.8 million to states to assist schools in improving the education of limited English-proficient children by teaching them English and helping them meet state academic standards.

Other NCLB programs include those to support charter schools; strengthen high school education; improve math and science education; support after-school learning programs and assist American Indian, Alaska Native and migrant students.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) assists states and local schools in educating children with disabilities. Grants to States under Part B—the second largest federal K-12 program—would provide over $11 billion to states and local schools to assist their efforts.

The Education Sciences Reform Act (ESRA), passed in 2002, created the Institute of Education Sciences (IES), which replaced the Office of Educational Research and Improvement. The law requires more rigorous standards for the conduct and evaluation of education research. NCLB requires that federal funds support educational activities that are backed by scientifically based research. Through sustained programs of research, evaluation and data collection, IES provides evidence of what works to solve the problems and challenges faced by schools and learners.

Title Page
U.S. Department of Education
Margaret Spellings
Secretary

June 2005

This publication is in the public domain. Authorization to reproduce it in whole or in part is granted. While permission to reprint this publication is not necessary, the citation should be: U.S. Department of Education, 10 Facts About K-12 Education Funding, Washington, D.C., 2005.
To order copies of this report,
write to: ED Pubs, Education Publications Center, U.S. Department of Education, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, Md., 20794-1398;

or fax your request to: (301) 470-1244;

or e-mail your request to: edpubs@inet.ed.gov;

or call in your request toll-free: 1-877-433-7827 (1-877-4-ED-PUBS). If 877 service is not yet available in your area, call 1-800-872-5327 (1-800-USA-LEARN). Those who use a telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD) or a teletypewriter (TTY), should call 1-800- 437-0833.

or order online at: www.edpubs.ed.gov/webstore/Content/search.asp.

This report is also available on the Department's Web site at: www.ed.gov/about/overview/fed/10facts/index.html.

On request, this publication is available in alternate formats, such as Braille, large print, audiotape or computer diskette. For more information, please contact the Department's Alternate Format Center at (202) 260-9895 or (202) 205-8113.

Front cover: Secretary Spellings with students at Burke High School in Boston, Mass., May 2005.

Source of funding information in this brochure is the U.S. Department of Education Budget Service and the National Center for Education Statistics unless otherwise noted. [ Return to text ]

Because of rounding, detail does not add to 100 percent. [ Return to text ]

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federal government; federal programs;; funding

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Archived: 10 Fact About K-12 Education Funding

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The U.S. Constitution leaves the responsibility for public K-12 education with the states. The responsibility for K-12 education rests with the states under the Constitution. There is also a compelling national interest in the quality of the nation's public schools.