# data[].attributes.body
I am currently pursuing a Master's degree in Student Development and Leadership in Higher Education. My goal is to graduate and immediately look for a job as an academic advisor in a college or university. As an academic advisor, I hope to successfully guide my students past any issues they may encounter throughout their academic career.

# data[].attributes.headline
Exploration Option 1 - Top 5 According to a Current Academic Advisor

# data[].attributes.subject
Exploration Option 1 - Top 5 According to a Current Academic Advisor

# data[].attributes.body
I had the opportunity to speak with Mrs. Laura Garcia, an academic advisor at Sul Ross University, about legal and ethical issues she has dealt with in her profession.

#1: According to Mrs. Garcia, many students are victims of "bullying." Bullying can affect students in many ways, both minor and severe. Institutions are still searching for ways to prevent the continuation of this issue.

#2: Another common issue Mrs. Garcia conveyed was "confidentiality." As an academic advisor, one must keep conversations with students confidential. However, there can be circumstances when a counselor must make an ethical choice: whether the information shared by the student should be shared if it can prevent a major problem from occurring.

#3: Many students struggle to share their personal issues to academic advisors due to lack of comfort. It is important for counselors to ensure their students feel comfortable in order to investigate the issues the student may have and help guide him/her past those issues.

#4: Academic advisors have an infinite amount of work and many times need to prioritize between tasks. Institutions need to consider hiring more counselors.

#5: Another issue that some academic advisors may face is determining whether they are adequate for helping certain individuals. There may be a time when a student may need to meet with a psychologist or psychiatrist. An academic advisors must understand their limitations.

(L., Garcia, personal communication, August 21, 2018)

# data[].attributes.headline
Exploration Option 2 - National Association of Student Personnel Administrators (NASPA) Legal and Ethical Issues

# data[].attributes.subject
Exploration Option 2 - National Association of Student Personnel Administrators (NASPA) Legal and Ethical Issues

# data[].attributes.body
As I was reviewing some of the information on this website, I came across "Postvention: A Guide for Response to Suicide on College Campuses." In this section of the website, I found information regarding ways to help students cope with the emotional distress they may feel after witnessing or knowing of a suicide. School shootings continue to occur and many students are left affected by these events.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
It's an easy give to the NASPA Foundation when asked personally by a colleague I have had the pleasure to know for many years. Cherry Callahan called and asked for my support and there was only one answer to give: Absolutely, yes! NASPA and my SA colleagues/friends have shaped my personal and professional life and I am deeply grateful!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
NASPA Foundation | Student Affairs Professionals

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
It's an easy give to the NASPA Foundation when asked personally by a colleague I have had the pleasure to know for many years. Cherry Callahan called and asked for my support and there was only one answer to give: Absolutely, yes!

# data[].attributes.body
I chose bullying because even though it has always existed, I feel that it has become a lot worse now with technology involved. It is so easy to bully someone behind a computer or cell phone screen, especially if the person being bullied has no idea who is bullying him/her. The ease of taking a picture with a cell phone and manipulating it to a person's convenience is scary. Institutions need to do more to prevent bullying. There should be more awareness of this matter so students can understand the consequences of their actions.

# data[].attributes.headline
Step 4 - Angelo State University - Cyber Bullying

# data[].attributes.subject
Step 4 - Angelo State University - Cyber Bullying

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Angelo State University - Library Online Resources

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Unauthorized use is prohibited; Usage may be subject to security testing and monitoring; Misuse is subject to criminal prosecution; No expectation of privacy except as otherwise provided by applicable privacy laws.

# data[].attributes.headline
Step 4 - Credible Website on Cyber Bullying

# data[].attributes.subject
Step 4 - Credible Website on Cyber Bullying

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Cyberbullying is bullying that takes place over digital devices like cell phones, computers, and tablets. Cyberbullying can occur through SMS, Text, and apps, or online in social media, forums, or gaming where people can view, participate in, or share content. Cyberbullying includes sending, posting, or sharing negative, harmful, false, or mean content about someone else. It can include sharing personal or private information about someone else causing embarrassment or humiliation. Some cyberbullying crosses the line into unlawful or criminal behavior.

The most common places where cyberbullying occurs are:

Social Media, such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and Tik Tok

Text messaging and messaging apps on mobile or tablet devices

Instant messaging, direct messaging, and online chatting over the internet

Online forums, chat rooms, and message boards, such as Reddit

Email

Online gaming communities

Special Concerns

With the prevalence of social media and digital forums, comments, photos, posts, and content shared by individuals can often be viewed by strangers as well as acquaintances. The content an individual shares online - both their personal content as well as any negative, mean, or hurtful content - creates a kind of permanent public record of their views, activities, and behavior. This public record can be thought of as an online reputation, which may be accessible to schools, employers, colleges, clubs, and others who may be researching an individual now or in the future. Cyberbullying can harm the online reputations of everyone involved - not just the person being bullied, but those doing the bullying or participating in it. Cyberbullying has unique concerns in that it can be:

Persistent - Digital devices offer an ability to immediately and continuously communicate 24 hours a day, so it can be difficult for children experiencing cyberbullying to find relief.

Permanent - Most information communicated electronically is permanent and public, if not reported and removed. A negative online reputation, including for those who bully, can impact college admissions, employment, and other areas of life.

Hard to Notice - Because teachers and parents may not overhear or see cyberbullying taking place, it is harder to recognize.

Laws and Sanctions

All states have laws requiring schools to respond to bullying. As cyberbullying has become more prevalent with the use of technology, many states now include cyberbullying, or mention cyberbullying offenses, under these laws. Schools may take action either as required by law, or with local or school policies that allow them to discipline or take other action. Some states also have provisions to address bullying if it affects school performance. You can learn about the laws and policies in each state, including if they cover cyberbullying.

Frequency of Cyberbullying

There are two sources of federally collected data on youth bullying:

The 2017 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey (National Center for Education Statistics and Bureau of Justice) indicates that, among students ages 12-18 who reported being bullied at school during the school year, 15% were bullied online or by text.

The 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) indicates that an estimated 15.7% of high school students were electronically bullied in the 12 months prior to the survey.

See also " Frequency of Bullying."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Cyberbullying is bullying that takes place over digital devices like cell phones, computers, and tablets. Cyberbullying can occur through SMS, Text, and apps, or online in social media, forums, or gaming where people can view, participate in, or share content. Cyberbullying includes sending, posting, or sharing negative, harmful, false, or mean content about someone else.

# data[].attributes.body
After reviewing the article "Bullying in Social Media: An Effect Study of Cyber Bullying on the Youth," I learned that bullying has negative effects on students and leads to poor academic performance. According to Batool (2017), "cyber bullying affects the psyche of youth that result in negative consequences on academic performance, emotional disturbance and gaps in relationship (138)."

After reading over some of the information on the cyber bullying website, I found that most of the signs a child is being bullied or bullying someone are much similar to the ones of a regular teenager going through puberty. Most teens in this era tend to use their phone very often and hide it regardless of whether they are being bullied or bullying someone. Therefore, it is much harder for parents to know when their children are participating or being attacked with cyber bullying.

# data[].attributes.body
Batool, S., Yousaf, R., & Batool, F. (2017). BULLYING IN SOCIAL MEDIA: AN EFFECT STUDY OF CYBER BULLYING ON THE YOUTH. Pakistan Journal Of Criminology, 9(4), 119-139.

, (2017). Prevent Cyber Bullying. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/prevention/index.html. [Last Accessed 22 August 2018]

Garcia, L. (2018, August 21). School Counselor. (S. Ritchie, Interviewer)