# data[].attributes.body
Chromatic aberration, also known as “color fringing” or “purplefringing”, is a common optical problem that occurs when a lens is either unable to bring all wavelengths of color to the same focal plane, and/or when wavelengths of color are focused at different positions in the focal plane.

# data[].attributes.body
Posterization or posterisation of an image entails conversion of a continuous gradation of tone to several regions of fewer tones, with abrupt changes from one tone to another. This was originally done with photographic processes to create posters.

# data[].attributes.body
In signal processing and related disciplines, aliasing is an effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable (or aliases of one another) when sampled. It also refers to the distortion or artifact that results when the signal reconstructed from samples is different from the original continuous signal.

# data[].attributes.body
A compression artifact is the fuzz or distortion in a compressed image or sequence of video images. When a photo is compressed into a JPEG format, some data is lost, which is why this type of compression is called lossy compression. ... Artifacts are more evident on a computer image than in a printed photograph.

# data[].attributes.body
Barrel lens distortion is an effect associated with wide-angle lenses and, in particular, zoom wide-angles. This effect causes the image to spherize, which meansthat the edges of the photo look curved and bowed to the human eye. It almost appears as though the photo image has been wrapped around a curved surface.

# data[].attributes.body
Advanced Photo System type-C (APS-C) is an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System "classic" negatives of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2.

# data[].attributes.body
A full-frame camera uses a sensor that's the same size as a single frame of traditional 35mm film, measuring 36 x 24mm. The more popular APS-C sensor size found in most DSLRs and mirrorless cameras measures 22 x 15mm. This means a full-frame sensor has more than 2.5 times the surface area of an APS-C sensor.

# data[].attributes.body
APS-H - Computer Definition. (Advanced Photo System-High Definition) The APSformat that has a wide angle aspect ratio. See Advanced Photo System and crop factor.

# data[].attributes.body
An image sensor or imaging sensor (also: imager) is a sensorthat detects and conveys information used to make an image. It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves (as they pass through or reflect off objects) into signals, small bursts of current that convey the information.

# data[].attributes.body
Crop factor is the ratio of a camera sensor's size to a 35mm film frame. Use it to calculate effective focal lengths and compare lenses between DSLRs. Crop factor is a term that describes the difference between your camera's sensor size and a traditional 35mm film frame.

# data[].attributes.body
a group of binary digits or bits (usually eight) operated on as a unit.

# data[].attributes.body
a unit of memory or data equal to 1,024 (2¹⁰) bytes.

# data[].attributes.body
a unit of information equal to 2²⁰ bytes or, loosely, one million bytes.

# data[].attributes.body
a unit of information equal to one billion (10⁹) or, strictly, 2³⁰ bytes.

# data[].attributes.body
a unit of information equal to one million million (10¹²) or strictly, 2⁴⁰ bytes.

# data[].attributes.body
a style of painting and sculpture developed in the early 20th century, characterized chiefly by an emphasis on formal structure, the reduction of natural forms to their geometrical equivalents, and the organization of the planes of a represented object independently of representational requirements.

# data[].attributes.body
Minimalism is a style employed by many 20th Century artists, using a minimum amount of components such as colour, shape, line and texture. Within the art world it is considered an extremely subjective concept, leaving interpretation and meaning up to the viewers perception of the work.

# data[].attributes.body
Moiré effect is a visual perception that occurs when viewing a set of lines or dots that is superimposed on another set of lines or dots, where the sets differ in relative size, angle, or spacing. ... The moiré effect in this case appears as a set of thick, ill-defined, nearly horizontal bars.

# data[].attributes.body
Appropriation in art is the use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them. The use of appropriation has played a significant role in the history of the arts (literary, visual, musical and performing arts).

# data[].attributes.body
tiple exposure

In photography and cinematography, a multiple exposure is the superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image, and double exposure has a corresponding meaning in respect of two images. The exposure values may or may not be identical to each other.

# data[].attributes.body
Still life photography is a genre of photography used for the depiction of inanimate subject matter, typically a small group of objects. It is the application of photography to the still life artistic style. An example is food photography.

# data[].attributes.body
In a nutshell, commercial photography means takingphotos for commercial use. And by commercial we mean for business, for sales, for money. Commercial photography is often associated with advertisements, sales pitches, brochures, product placements as well as merchandising

# data[].attributes.body
a diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval.

# data[].attributes.body
Anti-art is a loosely used term applied to an array of concepts and attitudes that reject prior definitions of art and question art ingeneral. Somewhat paradoxically, anti-art tends to conduct this questioning and rejection from the vantage point of art.

# data[].attributes.body
Assemblage is an artistic form or medium usually created on a defined substrate that consists of three-dimensional elements projecting out of or from the substrate. It is similar to collage, a two-dimensional medium.

# data[].attributes.body
In photography and optics, a neutral-density filter, orND filter, is a filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition. It can be a colorless (clear) or grey filter.

# data[].attributes.body
Cross processing is the deliberate processing of photographic film in a chemical solution intended for a different type of film. The effect was discovered independently by many different photographers often by mistake in the days of C-22 and E-4.

# data[].attributes.body
Honeycomb grid (light modifier) The honeycomb gridis a tight structure of a similar shape to thehoneycomb made by honey bees. It's affixed to the front of a studio strobe. Or it can be fixed to an off-camera flash. The light shines through the grid and creates a tight beam of light.

# data[].attributes.body
A beauty dish is a photographic lighting device that uses a parabolic reflector to distribute light towards a focal point. The light created is between that of a direct flash and a softbox, giving the image a wrapped, contrasted look, which adds a more dramatic effect.

# data[].attributes.body
Photographic Umbrella. Umbrellas are used primarily as diffusers in photography. They are used either to diffuse light by reflective diffusion, or shoot-throughdiffusion. Reflective diffusion: A flash light is fired directly into the underside of a black umbrella with a white or silver lining.

# data[].attributes.body
In photography, a snoot is a tube or similar object that fits over a studio light or portable flash and allows thephotographer to control the direction and radius of the light beam. These may be conical, cylindrical, or rectangular in shape. Snoots can isolate a subject when using a flash.

# data[].attributes.body
A soft box is a type of photographic lighting device, one of a number of photographic soft light devices. All the various soft light types create even and diffused light by transmitting light through some scattering material, or by reflecting light off a second surface to diffuse the light.

# data[].attributes.body
Catch light or catchlight is a light source that causes a specular highlight in a subject's eye in an image. They are also referred to as eye lights or Obies, the latter a reference to Merle Oberon, for whom the light was invented by then husband and cinematographer, Lucien Ballard.

# data[].attributes.body
In image editing, a curve is a remapping of image tonality, specified as a function from input level to output level, used as a way to emphasize colours or other elements in a picture. Curves can usually be applied to all channels together in an image, or to each channel individually.

# data[].attributes.body
Levels is a tool in Photoshop and other image editing programs which can move and stretch the brightnesslevels of an image histogram. It has the power to adjust brightness, contrast, and tonal range by specifying the location of complete black, complete white, and midtones in a histogram.

# data[].attributes.body
A ring light is a simple lighting tool that is commonly used for beauty shots, portraits, and macrophotography. ... When used in photography, it creates an attractive catch light on a subject's eyes while emitting even, diffused lighting that helps eliminate shadows.

# data[].attributes.body
To add good miniature effect to your photographs, shoot subjects from a high angle (especially from the air). It creates the illusion of looking down at a miniature model. A camera equipped with a tilt-shiftlens, which simulates a shallow depth of field, is essentially all you need to start.

# data[].attributes.body
SOOC means “straight-out-of-camera”

# data[].attributes.body
The ambrotype (from Ancient Greek: ἀμβροτός — “immortal”, and τύπος — “impression”) or amphitype, also known as a collodion positive in the UK, is a positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process. Like a print on paper, it is viewed by reflected light.

# data[].attributes.body
Polaroid transfer is a photographic image-transfer process, or print making technique, which uses instant film. ... The process gains its common name from the Polaroid brand film, when Fuji brand film is used the process may be called Fuji transfer.

# data[].attributes.body
an image produced from a photographic negative transferred to a metal plate and etched in.

the production of photogravure images.

# data[].attributes.body
a photographic blueprint.

# data[].attributes.body
Split lighting is a technique that produces a sense of drama to a portrait. This form of lighting is when half of the subject's face is lit, while the other half is left dark. The light is evenly divided over the subject

# data[].attributes.body
Loop lighting is a portrait lighting pattern where the subject is lit from about 45 degrees in front of them and above. This creates a nose shadow that 'loops' down at an angle onto their cheek. It is a slightly directional lighting pattern - thelight is not flat, but the face is still mostly illuminated.

# data[].attributes.body
Rembrandt lighting is a lighting technique that is used in studio portrait photography. It can be achieved using onelight and a reflector, or two lights, and is popular because it is capable of producing images which appear both natural and compelling with a minimum of equipment.

# data[].attributes.body
Butterfly lighting is a portrait lighting pattern where the key light is placed above and directly centered with a subject's face. This creates a shadow under the nose that resembles a butterfly. It's also known as 'Paramount lighting,' named for classic Hollywood glamour photography.

# data[].attributes.body
Broad light is just the opposite of Short light. In the Broad Lightsetup, THe side that is getting the most light is the side turning towards the camera. This setup is less commonly used for portraits as it tends to make people look chubby.

# data[].attributes.body
Short Lighting for Portrait Photography. by Rob Gray. Short lighting, by definition, refers to when the main lightilluminates the side of the face that is turned away from the camera. This lets light fall on the narrow side of the face leaving a shadow on the broad side of the face, which is facing the camera.