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Watch this video before you begin.

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Dear 3rd Graders,
The Adventures of Arnie the Doughnut, by Laurie Keller, is one of the most popular series in our library! Did you know that the series started with a picture book?

Arnie's journey begins with how he is made, but he remembers the process a bit differently. Reading the Arnie books made me wonder, how are donuts really made in a bakery?

Today, you will find evidence on the web to investigate this question and share your answer on a Google Form!
- Ms. Deslatte

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'Arnie the Doughnut' read by Chris O'Dowd

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I.A.1 Learners use evidence to investigate questions.

pigknit --- Clip Art (2018). FREE boy with laptop clip art [image]. Retrieved from https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/FREE-Boy-with-Laptop-Clip-Art-3412902

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Discussion Question: How Are Donuts Made? 

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Discussion Question: How Are Donuts Made? 

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Describe the steps in the link below!

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Doughnut Facts - Kiddle Website

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Ring doughnuts are made by joining the ends of a long, thin piece of dough into a ring or by using a doughnut cutter, which perfectly cuts the outside and inside shape, leaving a doughnut-shaped piece of dough and a doughnut hole from dough removed from the center.

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How Do You Make a Donut? - Shipley Do-Nuts Website

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Donuts are deep fried pastries made from dough. Some are made with jelly or cream in the middle, but most donuts traditionally have holes in the middle. It is not clear how the hole came to be in the middle of the donut, but there is a theory on its history. Legend has it that in the 18th century, a baker's apprentice in Maine was tired of pastries coming out of the oven with undercooked centers. To solve the problem, he cut holes in the middle of the pastries, allowing them to cook evenly with no center section to worry about.

Most people eat these delicious treats for breakfast, brunch, or a mid-morning snack, but donuts are delicious at any time! So how are donuts made?

There is certain equipment needed to make donuts.

A deep-fryer is ideal, however, you can also use a large, deep, pot. The deep fryer is best because it allows you to set the exact frying temperature that you need. If you are using a pot, you will need a frying thermometer.

A 2 ½ inch donut cutter is ideal. If you do not have one, you can use a 2 ½ inch round cookie cutter for the main circle, and a smaller one to cut the hole in the center.

A slotted spoon with a long handle. Be sure the handle is long enough, because it will be used to gently place the donut in the oil, turn them, and pull them out.

Ingredients

4 cups of flour

Vegetable oil for deep frying

2 teaspoons of baking powder

2 eggs

¼ cup of butter, melted

2/3 cup of milk

1 ¼ teaspoon of vanilla

¼ teaspoon of salt

1 ¼ cups of granulated sugar

Frosting or icing of your choice

Instructions
Begin by preparing the batter. In a medium bowl, combine the flour, baking powder and salt. In a large bowl, combine the eggs, vanilla, and sugar. Use an electric mixer and mix until thick, for about 3 minutes. Finally, in a small bowl, combine the milk and melted butter. Combine the flour mixture and the milk mixture with the egg mixture and beat on low speed until the ingredients are incorporated. Cover the bowl, and chill in the refrigerator for 3 hours.

Flour the counter, and roll the dough into a ½ inch thickness. Next, using a floured donut cutter, cut the dough into rings. Turn the donut cutter over, and cut the hole in the middle of each ring. There should be enough dough to make 16 donuts and 16 donut holes. You can set the holes aside and fry them after you finish the donuts for an additional treat.

Raise the oil temperature to 365 degrees, and slowly dunk the uncooked circles, 2 or 3 at a time, into the oil. Allow them to cook for 2 to 3 minutes, or until golden brown, and pull them out with the slotted spoon. Place the finished products on a paper towel, and allow them to cool. Be sure to use safety precautions when working with hot oil.

Finally, coat the donuts with your choice of sugar, powdered sugar, glaze or frosting.

If making your own donuts seems like too much work, visit Shipley Do-Nuts to find the best donuts around in a variety of flavors. Shipley Do-Nuts will not disappoint!

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How Do You Make a Donut? | Shipley Do-Nuts

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Donuts are deep fried pastries made from dough. Some are made with jelly or cream in the middle, but most donuts traditionally have holes in the middle. It is not clear how the hole came to be in the middle of the donut, but there is a theory on its history.

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How Krispy Kreme Donuts Are Made - YouTube Video

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How Did Donuts Get Their Shape? - Shipley Do-Nuts Website

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The exact history of donuts isn't known. It is likely that some version has existed since man first started using fire and making dough. The shape of donuts, however, is not as much of a mystery.

Captain Hansen

In 1847, an American ship captain claims to have been the first person to ever put a hole in a donut. Before then, the dough was fried in hot oil and the outside of the finished product was crispy but the inside was still uncooked. This made for horrible digestion and a not-so-tasty treat. Captain Hansen started thinking and wondered what would happen if the middle was simply removed. What he discovered was a scrumptious treat that had the crispy outside and cake-like inside we have come to love.

Before the Hole

Before people started cooking donuts with holes in them, Dutch cooks tried to get rid of the raw middles by shaping the dough around some kind of filling that didn't require cooking. This idea quickly caught on and spread. This is thought to be the predecessor of today's filled donut.

Alternative Explanations

While the reasoning that was quoted by Captain Hansen is considered the most logical one, there are two others that are popular.

Bagels were starting to become popular in New York City and bakeries often displayed them on spindles. It seemed to donut bakers that doing the same with the donuts might get them in front of customers easier, so they started putting a hole in them to make this possible. It is thought, however, that this explanation isn't very likely.

Our favorite origin story takes us back to Captain Hansen. It was rumored that the young Captain enjoyed his donuts above all other foods. His mother reportedly always sent some with him on his voyages. One day he was faced with a horrible storm at sea and he needed both hands free to steer the ship. Not wanting his donuts to get lost, he reportedly jammed them onto the spokes of the ship's wheel, keeping them nearby for when he could eat them once the storm had passed and the ship was out of danger.

Final Thoughts

Historians agree that the practical reasoning of trying to prevent uncooked middles is most likely the real reason donuts have the shape they do. For more interesting donut history facts, check out this article on the history of the donut. If reading about tasty donuts has gotten you thinking about how good one would taste, take a trip to your nearest Shipley Do-Nuts shop today.
Featured image: AlexeiLogvinovich/Shutterstock

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How Did Donuts Get Their Shape? | Shipley Do-Nuts

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The exact history of donuts isn't known. It is likely that some version has existed since man first started using fire and making dough. The shape of donuts, however, is not as much of a mystery. In 1847, an American ship captain claims to have been the first person to ever put a hole in a donut.

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The History and Origin of the Donut - Shipley  Do-Nuts Website

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Donuts are one of the most popular foods of all time. They are sweet, delicious and you can eat them on the go. Donuts have been around for hundreds of years, however, their true origin & invention is debated as fried dough is not exclusive to a single culture. The exact place where the first donuts were made is unknown and nobody knows who made the very first donut. There are, however, certain events in history, which give us some idea of where donuts were first invented.

Dutch treat

Records show that in the mid-19th century, the Dutch began making a treat known as olykoeks (oil cakes). These donuts were balls of cake, which were cooked in pork fat until they were golden brown. The problem with these treats was that the cake cooked much faster on the outside than on the inside, leaving an uncooked center when the outside was done. To rectify this problem, cooks were stuffing the treats with nuts, fruit, or other fillings that did not need to be cooked.

When Dutch immigrants began to settle in North America, they continued to make olykoeks. As immigrants from other cultures also began making olykoeks, they crafted their own variations. Eventually, the olykoeks evolved to become what we know today as donuts.

A Distinct Look

To solve the problem of the uncooked center of donuts, many believed that stuffing the middle would be good enough. In 1847, an American ship captain named Hansen Gregory, came up with a better solution. Rather than dealing with the gooey, uncooked center, he chose to punch a hole through the center of the dough, eliminating the uncooked center altogether.

There are a few other versions of how the hole ended up in donuts. Some people say that Captain Gregory wanted to steer with both hands while enjoying his tasty treat, so he impaled his donuts on the ship's steering wheel, creating a hole in the middle. Others say that the idea of the hole in the middle of donuts came to him in a dream sent by angels.

Whatever the real story is, Captain Gregory is credited for inventing the traditional ring shape for donuts.

Origins of the name

The origin of the name of donuts is also debated. Some people believe that the word donut refers to the nuts that were placed in the middle of the dough to correct the problem of the uncooked centers. Others believe that it refers to dough knots, which was a popular shape for olykoeks.

In 1809, with Washington Irving's publication of A History of New York, the word "doughnut" appeared in print for the first time. By the early 1900s, the word was shortened to "donut." Today, either spelling is acceptable.

Automated production

Up until 1920, donut production was a slow process, as each donut was made one at a time. Adolph Levitt, a Russian born immigrant to the United States, created the first automated machine for making donuts. In 1934, the automated process was featured at the World's Fair in Chicago.

The modern donut

Since their invention, donuts have become incredibly popular. There are a few huge chains which produce millions of donuts daily. There are also smaller, specialty shops which make gourmet donuts. Even the purpose of donuts has changed. People are making bacon donuts, creating a donut for those without a sweet tooth. Others have made ice cream sandwiches using donuts, and some people even put their hamburgers on donuts rather than buns.

While the true origin of donuts may never be known, their enduring popularity is well established. At Shipley Do-Nuts, we're confident that you'll love our great variety of these tasty treats. Come in and try some today!

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The History, Origin, & Invention of the Donut | Shipley Do-Nuts

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Donuts are one of the most popular foods of all time. They are sweet, delicious and you can eat them on the go. Donuts have been around for hundreds of years, however, their true origin & invention is debated as fried dough is not exclusive to a single culture.

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Frequently Asked Questions - Krispy Kreme Website

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Krispy Kreme Facts and Information on all our latest melt-in-your-mouth pieces of donut joy from the original glazed doughnut to the assorted dozen

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Doughnut Processing (Chocolate Glaze) - Krispy Kreme Video

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Doughnut Processing | Hot News from Krispy Kreme Doughnuts

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"Donut" vs. "Doughnut" - Merriam-Webster Website

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Doughnuts, How It's Made - Discovery UK Video

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Glazing Original Glaze - Krispy Kreme Video

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Glazing Original Glazed Doughnuts | Hot News from Krispy Kreme Doughnuts