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After hearing the bloodshed in Kansas, Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts believed that Senator Douglas plotted with southerners to Kansas a free state, and gave a passionate speech voicing his beliefs. In 2 days, Preston Brooks, a South Carolina representative beat Sumner in Congress with a metal tipped cane until the cane broke, leaving him bloody and unconscious. Shortly afterwards, southerners gave him replacement canes and applauded him, while the north viewed it as another example of southern brutality.
Source:http://www.ushistory.org/us/31e.asp

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Following the election, senators scrambled to make a compromise, but finding one wasn't easy. In addition, Abraham Lincoln said "Let there be no compromise", and on that same day, South Carolina and 6 other states left the union. They joined and called themselves the confederate states of America, and that started the civil war.
Source:http://www.ushistory.org/us/32e.asp

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Abraham Lincoln won the presidential election with 40% of the votes all in the north, while the south was divided between 3 men. In the eyes of southerners, they believed that Congress would now abolish slavery, as the south didn't have the major power.
Source:https://www.biography.com/people/abraham-lincoln-9382540

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John Brown, an abolitionist, planned to attack a weapon storage unit in Harpers Ferry Virginia, in hopes to arm slaves so they could stop slavery. When he launched the attack, all of his men were captured or killed, with Southerners in fear of a slave rebellion.
Source:https://www.civilwar.org/learn/collections/john-browns-harpers-ferry-raid

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During the 1858 election, Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas would often debate over slavery. Douglas said that because of the Dred Scott decision, slavery wasn't a matter, but Lincoln disagreed stating that slavery was a moral issue. Although Lincoln lost the debate, it made slavery an even more controversial topic and made him more recognized
Source:http://www.american-historama.org/1860-1865-civil-war-era/lincoln-douglas-debates.htm

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A slave named Dred Scott went to court to win his freedom, as he went to Wisconsin with his master, which banned slavery due to the Missouri Compromise. However, the court decided that since he wasn't a citizen he couldn't sue for freedom and that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, he lost as a result. The reason it was "unconstitutional" was because slaves are property,and the fifth amendment states that property can't be taken away.
Source:http://www.ushistory.org/us/32a.asp

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Soon after the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, some settlers went to Kansas to settle, but to support or oppose slavery there. Because of this, pro slavery men attacked a town, burning buildings. Due to this John Brown, an abolitionist led a raid and killed 5 men
Source:http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1863/september/quantrills-lawrence-kansas-raid.htm

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The Kansas-Nebraska act of 1854 was created by Stephen A. Douglas, and it created 2 new territories, Kansas and Nebraska. In addition, it completely abolished the Missouri Compromise, letting settlers determining if slavery was allowed.
Source: http://www.ushistory.org/us/31a.asp

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The fugitive slave act made both the north and the south angered, although for completely different reasons. In the south, it was rejected because they believed it didn't ensure that their slaves would be brought back and in the north they didn't want to enforce it, so they refused to comply, leaving barely any slaves returned and slave owners infuriated.
Source: https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/mr13.socst.us.fugiact/fugitive-slave-act/

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The creator of the Missouri Compromise, Henry Clay had come up with a plan to end the arguments of California's Statehood. The plan was to make California a free state, which would please the north and it allowed Utah and New Mexico to be decided as a slave state, which would please the south. In addition, it stopped the slave trade in Washington D.C, but a strong fugitive slave law was added, to help find fugitive slaves easier and to balance the compromise. For nine months it was debated in Congress, and with the help of Daniel Webster, it got passed, but in a turn for the worst,  it satisfied no one and just made the debate over slavery worse
Source: http://www.compromise-of-1850.org/diverging-views/

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After the War with Mexico, David Wilmot proposed the Wilmot Proviso, which stated that slavery would not exist in the territory acquired from the war. However, Southerners rejected the idea and argued that Congress had no right to determine where slave owners could take their property. This idea passed in the house, but was rejected in the senate.
Source: http://www.ushistory.org/us/30a.asp

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Following the gain of territory from Mexico, Northerners wanted all of the territory closed to slavery while southerners wanted it open to slavery. This led to debates in Congress, and the South proposed a bill that would extend the Missouri Compromise imaginary line all the way to the pacific ocean, with slavery being allowed in the south of that line but in the north it would be banned. However, Northerners rejected this proposal and California would apply as a free state, but disagreements in Congress halted this as the south claimed it would make unequal representation in congress, with the south speaking of succeeding from the union
Source: http://users.humboldt.edu/ogayle/hist383/Politics1850-1860.html

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In the south, there was a few slaves who would run away to freedom through the help of people in the north. In the views of slave owners, these northerners were as bad as bank robbers and they demanded that Congress pass a law to let them get their slaves back, as they viewed slaves as valuable property.
Source: http://www.blackpast.org/perspectives/pacific-bound-california-s-1852-fugitive-slave-law

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As the Second Great Awaking
unraveled, many believed that God would bless those who did his bidding, which was believed to be slavery. This caused many to become
abolitionists and lead anti-slavery protests to Congress, leading Congress to develop the "gag rule", which permitted the consideration of eradicating slavery.
Source: http://www.abolitionseminar.org/images/gagrulecartoon/

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The Missouri Compromise of 1820 made Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state, and both states where added. For part of this Compromise, an imaginary line was made at latitude 36 °30', and from further on, slavery was banned from north of this line except for Missouri.
Source : http://www.compromise-of-1850.org/missouri-compromise-1820/