# data[].attributes.body
are a cause of the formation of stereotypes which may result in discrimination. including:
- confirmation bias
- anchoring bias
- ostrich effect
- cognitive dissonance
dia

# data[].attributes.body
Formation of Stereotypes

The Grain of Truth Hypotheses

Illusory Correlation

Confirmation Bias

Social Categorisation (Social learning theory)

Social identity theory

Schema theory

Biological factors??

# data[].attributes.body
Altruism - self concern for others with no expectations for rewards

# data[].attributes.body
Stereotype threat.

# data[].attributes.body
Social Learning Theory???

# data[].attributes.body
Hamilton and Gifford
Illusory correlation

# data[].attributes.body
Examples of prosocial behaviour include sharing and volunteering

- its more of an action to help others, altruism promotes prosocial behaviour with no expectation of gaining a reward

- people are more likely to help their own in-group than an out-group

# data[].attributes.body
Decrease in Oxytocin level.
Intergroup conflict.

# data[].attributes.body
- Bartlett: Schema Theory
- Tajfel: Social Identity Theory
- Campbell: The Grain of Truth Hyp.
- Acculturation?

# data[].attributes.body
Crockett et al and the influence of an increase of serotonin prosocial behavior. Involved two conditions; one with a group taking the drug citalopram which blocks the uptake of serotonin from the post synaptic neuron hence it remains in the synaptic gap. The other condition involves a group taking a placebo.
Groups were presented with moral dilemas.
Save 5 people, kill 1 person: (personal) push person in front of train to save 5 people, (impersonal) push lever to divert train to another track killing one person instead of 5.
Results showed the experimental group that took the dose of citalopram chose impersonal approach because it was less emotionally triggering.

# data[].attributes.body
Acculturation and Enculturation
Individualism vs collectivism.

# data[].attributes.body
Bystander Effect - Individuals will be less likely to engage/help to a person in need when other people are present

-  Homeless people are less likely to get money by begging on a populated streets with crowded people than in an isolated street

# data[].attributes.body
Dopamine and its effect on behavior.

# data[].attributes.body
One is less likely to be expected to offer help in a situation where passive bystanders are present.
dia

# data[].attributes.body
- Henri Tajfel's Social Identity Theory
-  In-group and out-group conflict

# data[].attributes.body
Social categorisation from Tajfel's Social Identity Theory ties into the formation of stereotypes, which in turn leads to prejudice and then possibly discrimination.
SS: Jane Elliot

# data[].attributes.body
A lack of understanding and conflicting opinions of what people want in a relationship may lead to it ending.
A loss of familiarity due to a lack of time together caused by other responsibilities (work for instance) may lead to relationship ending.

# data[].attributes.body
Partners with positive communication patterns, such as validating the partner, taking responsibility for your own actions and learning from experience, not being defensive, being empathetic to understand partners.

# data[].attributes.body
How the social divide between individuals are can determine what makes people gravitate towards certain individuals as being an 'acceptable' friends

Anannya

# data[].attributes.body
Covert observation

# data[].attributes.body
Stereotype Content Model (Warmth vs. Competence)

# data[].attributes.body
Social Categorization and Positive distinctiveness

# data[].attributes.body
People imitate or try to morph their own behaviours to mirror those of the people they admire/want close personal bonds with; may be a sign of someone being open to building a relationship

Anannya

# data[].attributes.body
The influence from other people may lead to one of the people in the couple to look at their partner in a different light

# data[].attributes.body
Activity in the medial pre-frontal cortex suggests social cognition (Localisation of Function).

# data[].attributes.body
Certain genetic variants of immune systems may naturally attract/define mating rituals; evolution adapted human mating behaviour to attract mates of contrasting immune systems - offspring has best chance of survival

Anannya

# data[].attributes.body
- observational studies (confirmation bias, experimenter bias)
- field experiments (self-report bias, respondent bias)
- quasi experiments

# data[].attributes.body
- affects of neurotransmitters on behaviour and their effects on relationships (for example, love)

# data[].attributes.body
Amount of certain hormones or neurotransmitters (Like oxytocin, dopamine, and serotonin)  released when interacting with specific people

# data[].attributes.body
People with similar genetic aptitude for certain behavioural traits might pick the same social groups? People nay gravitate towards friends/acquaintances that activate certain behaviours in them
(maybe)
Anannya

# data[].attributes.body
Schema theory and Reconstructive Memory

# data[].attributes.body
Discriminatory and prejudice towards a certain social group can be suggested through monitoring neural connections in the brain via. MRI Scans (activity in the medial pre-frontal cortex).
E.g: Harris and Fiske (2006)

# data[].attributes.body
BF Skinner - positive reinforcement (rewards) , as well as punishment can work to condition behaviours

Anannya

# data[].attributes.body
Serotonin tends to increase prosocial behaviour/aversion to immoral behaviour in a personal scenario

Anannya

# data[].attributes.body
Positive Renforcement

# data[].attributes.body
* Prevents disagreements that can hurt people's feelings by a simpler way of talking
* Behaviour affects attraction
* By expressing your interests, you're putting yourself into a better position of being in the right in-group for you rather than feeling like an outsider
* Due to how some cultures are individualistic vs. collectivist, so affects how well a relationship is in terms of communication

# data[].attributes.body
Stereotyping as a possible detrimental outcome of the Social Identity Theory.

# data[].attributes.body
Mere-exposure Effect

# data[].attributes.body
- change in interest
- change in experience
- lack of communication
- lack of physical and emotional   affection

# data[].attributes.body
SIT - explains in group and out group as well as why prejudice exists

# data[].attributes.body
The more people there are around you, the less likely you are to respond to something (e.g. helping someone who has an accident)

Anannya