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Melany: Great that you were able to create your account and start using paddlet. You should post your files or writings by using the "plus" symbol below...
Great content! Go on working!

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Melany please remember to go on working on your writings here. You must also start creating the timeline...

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As far as I’m concerned, the quotation is related to chapter one of "A Farewell to Arms" because the author, Ernest Hemingway, created a new theme based on what he had lived. His experience was not the product, it was combined and intermingled with his thoughts, knowledge, sensibility and imagination. "..A whole new theme truer than any theme true and alive.." Indeed, he brought a new reality which reflected the atmosphere in those days of war. And even though you were not even close to that reality, the vivid descriptions that he gave can make you feel as if you had been there.

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Symbolism of WEATHER in A farewell to arms.

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Mind map and timeline related to the CAUSES of WW1.

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Mind map and timeline related to the CAUSES of WW1.

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I did not find difficult the process of making the mind map or the timeline. I had actually enjoyed making the mind map. I had used the resources you gave us last year in order to succees in doing one, trying to include the main concepts we had been dealing with up to that day. As regarded the timeline, I had found some difficulties because of the amount of events and dates. However, since we had been talking about this in class too, it made it easier to do.

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Events of "A farewell to arms" related to the battles of WW1.

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Events of "A farewell to arms" related to the battles of WW1.

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I am still working in this timeline. I have just uploaded it because I am not sure if I am doing it well. I have found it difficult to do alone.The battles do not seem to be clear (for me) in the novel so I cannot realize which one is by reading it once. I need to read it deeply.

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Hello again Melany, the timelines are quite good. Remember that you can include videos and pictures here. Check grammar.

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I have added some battles that were not included in the previous draft.

I have searched for a map to show the front in which the italian army fought with Austria-Hungary. Mainly, the novel is set during the Italian campaign.
The map also shows where the novel started (in Gorizia) and the place from where they had to retreat (Caporetto).

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Chart from 1914(beginning of WW1) to 1919 (ending of WW1).

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Chart from 1914(beginning of WW1) to 1919 (ending of WW1).

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During the process of making this chart, I struggled from time to time. The content was not clear to me, not because of the language, but because I could not read it well. It was difficult to read what was been asked us to read when the time was distributed in all subjects. Honestly, I got lost several times while I was dealing with the content and what had happened on each front. Afterwards, I realized that I needed to read it deeply and more than once. When I did so, I found that it was not that complicated as I thought at the beginning.
According to the year, I wrote the main battles in other sheet of paper.

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Micro teaching class: TREATY OF VERSAILLES.

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Micro teaching class: TREATY OF VERSAILLES.

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It was the most important of the peace treaties that brought WW1 to an end. The treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the allied powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles.
Two major purposes of this treaty were to restrict the power of Germany and to ensure peace and security between both parties as well as in the world.
It included 15 parts and 440 articles( reparations section, military restrictions, recognizing of the independe of most of her colonies, etc).
Germany complained that it had been dicated to them. Indeed, it had been written by the Big Four ( David Lloyd George of Britain, George Clemenceau of France, Woodrow Wilson of U.S and Victorio Orlando of Italy) without Germany participating in the writing of it.
Those restrictions put Germany in financial ruin and later on lead to depression and inflation. The treaty had tried to destroy Germany as a country and that was why they were willing to listen to radicals like Hitler as long as those radicals promised to ger Germany back to its rightful place.

The topic is very interesting and it has helped me to understand much better certain themes of WW1. I have only uploaded the main idea of the treaty of versailles because the text is longer.

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                                        -.SECOND TERM.-

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                                        -.SECOND TERM.-

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Enquiry focus: Nazi Germany.

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Chapter 2: Who were the germans and what were their hopes and fears?

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Chapter 2: Who were the germans and what were their hopes and fears?

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Chapter 3: Chancellor through his own efforts?

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Chapter 3: Chancellor through his own efforts?

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Factor 1: Weaknesses in the weimar republic.

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Factor 2: the strenght of the right-wing élites.

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Factor 3: Nazi party organisation.

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Factor 4: The impact of the great depression.

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Factor 5: the performance of the nazis in elections.

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Factor 6: Violence.

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Concluding of the enquiry:
Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933 due to several factors, and not only because of his own efforts. Had the atmosphere been different, Hitler would not have risen to power. His anti-democratic ideas were taken into account since there was not an acceptance of the Weimar Government. Although he organised the nazi party and gained some support because of his polices and promises, people were willing to listen to him since Germany was in a state of chaos.

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Chapter 4: What led to Germany's descent into dictatorship?

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Chapter 4: What led to Germany's descent into dictatorship?

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Having risen Hitler to power, Germany ended the state of democracy in which she was. Once in power, the Nazis transformed the democratic Weimar Republic into a dictatorial one. As Hitler wanted a one-party state, he took different steps to reach his aim. As far as I'm concerned, German people were persuaded in a way. They couldn't choose freely their future.

From my perspective, the biggest step involved in this issue was the "Act concerning the Head of State"(step 7). It proclaimed that, at the very moment the president died, all his powers would be merged with those of the chancellor under a new title. With this, Hitler became the leader of the German people: a single leader of a single party ruling over a single nation, a dictator. This was what led completely Germany's descent  into dictatorship. However, there were several steps which were aimed to reach that objective.

The second biggest step was the "Enabling Act" of 1933(step 2).  Even though the Nazis didn't have the majority needed to succeed in the Reichstag, they relied on different methods so as to neutralise their opposition. The importance of this was that it would enable his cabinet to make laws without consulting elected members or even the president. Hence, its name "enabling act". Nevertheless, it became known as a law for removing the distress of the people and the Reich.  If people voted, it was because of Hitler declaration. He told people that if the act were not passed, the nation would face anarchy. This step showed the beginning of a new nation, where he could pass any change he wanted above everything.

Since he wanted a one-party state, the "Act to ban new Parties" of 1933(step 4) was the third biggest step to take into account. Hitler took action against all political parties under the promise of "unite everyone for the common good". Once Hitler had banned all the enemies of the German nation (according to him) the Nazi regime passed that act in order to finish the obstruction of the preservation of public order.

Hitler wanted to rule without a coalition, which meant that he wanted to pass any legislation he bared in mind without asking other parties' opinion.  In order to reach his objective, he used physical violence to silence the Nazis political enemies on the streets and ban social democrats newspapers. With this, the proposal for an emergency presidential decree for the protection of the nation and state(step 1) to legitimise a wave of arrests and imprisonment had been considered.

With only six months of becoming chancellor,  he managed to rule in all aspects of German life. He didn't allow the old system to continue, which meant that  Hitler appointed members to the local regions without any election and put in place New Reich Governors. That was an important shift. With this, local democracy was dead.  This was known as the reconstruction of the state act(step 5). Little by little, Hitler was giving Germany any direction he wanted and, from there, he took different steps related to people's rights.

All German judges were required to swear an oath of loyalty to the Nazis. And those who refused were dismissed from their positions. Hitler managed to set up a separate People's court(step 6) that would take on any crime he wanted.  It aimed to provide rapid justice according to the principles of national socialism.

For Hitler "public order" meant to have full control over as many aspects of German political life as they could. Many civil servants were not only removed from their posts but also replaced by Nazi people. Moreover, the act for the restoration of the professional civil service(step 3) required the dismissal of anyone whose former political activities could not guarantee that they would act in the interests of Nazis. In order to avoid this, people had to show loyalty to the party, by joining indeed the Nazi party. If not, they could resign their posts.
So, it was visible that if people voted for this party, it was not because all of them wanted to. In a way, they were persuaded to vote, they didn't have another choice. Beyond affecting civil service, this "re-wiring" reached out to all aspects of German Life.

Conclusion:
Although from my perspective the most important "acts" that lead Germany into a dictatorship state were the ones related to his idea of having no coalition and being one-party state (because once the parties had been banned, with this, Hitler could pass any law he wanted and it had given him power to decide about German's people's life too without any interruption) all the steps he took had its own importance. He managed to reach and change all aspects of their lives according to his beliefs, and it was not possible to allow people think differently. They had no choice but to vote and support his decisions.

LEGAL OR ILLEGAL?

As regarded if the acts were legal or not, the enabling act made the rest of the acts LEGAL under the power, related with its form (how it was past, with the president signing). However, since the power they had used to pass it was illegal, it meant that it had been illegally past, so the rest of the acts which were based on this one were ILLEGAL too, in terms of content.

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Chapter 5: What did most to create a People's Community?

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Chapter 5: What did most to create a People's Community?

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METHODS.

From my perspective, the most important approach took by Hitler to organise the community he wanted was the one called, indeed, “Popular organisations”.

Despite being “fear” also an important one, neither propaganda nor terror were totally effective. Nazi groups managed to encourage Germany people to “support” them through promises. Mass organisations were subsidised by the government to win popular support  by providing leisure and entertainment organisations. Had the atmosphere been different, Hitler’s attemps to have society’s vote by giving them resources to improve their lives wouldn’t have been effective. If the different popular organisations created by Hitler were successful, it was because of the way people were feeling after WW1.

Behind all Hitler’s promises, there was a manipulation message that people were not able to read. Beyond this, not all citizens allowed Hitler to enter their lives. Being this the reason why “fear” was also needed as a source to win the support he wanted.

“Fear“ is considered to me as the secod most important approach. Due to the fact that the first apporach was not enough to build the community he wanted and that he needed the vote of all citizens, he managed to have it through this source.  If people were scared because of Nazi actions, there would be more likely to make them obey everything. With the Gestapo police in the street, there was a lot of fear put into citizens to be terrified of. They could arrest people without charge, hold them as long as they wished and send them to concentration camps. And, even though their man work was in dealing with those who were not taken into account as part of the people’s community: nazis’ political opponents, anti-socials, jews, homosexuals and religious people, the nazi terror extended to everyone, all of them had the knowledge of the concentration camps and they had to obey Hitler and the Nazi government without doubt or question.

So, in spite of the fact that some people follow Hitler’s ideas because they were convinced that with this Community would raise their standard of living, there was not another choice but to vote him and be part of his community. If they did not want to, they were forced to join nazis’ plan because they had fear of what would happen to them if they didn’t obey.

The last source taken was the one related to “propaganda”. People were not allow to listen to the radio freely, or to read new information in the newspaper. They were  not allow to read nothing that could make them think in a critical way. All newspaper owners, editors and journalists had to be approved by the government before they bought up newspapers. The media was a way of showing the citizens everyone's roles in the Nazi People's Community. For example, a newspaper publishing an image about a woman holding a baby while behind the man was doing the fighting and farming.

Conclusion,
All of those approaches were of great significance but they differ in some degree because of the way they seemed to affect citizen's decisions. Hitler took all of them as sources of his power as Fhrer.
Firstly, they tried to persuade them to do what they wanted, they manipulated people to vote for them through delightful promises. Secondly, due to the situation that the people, who did not fit in the standard required to enter the people's community, had to suffer in the streets, other people realized that there was not another choice but to think the way Hitler’s wanted. There was no place to those who were not considered  "pure german blood"  because of their beliefs. So, for the ones that did not follow him after he had made different promises, he used another source of power. And, thirstly, they were not allow to inform themselves or even to have critical thinking. Nazis’ government manage to run in all aspects and to, little by little, transmit their way of thinking to build the ideal people’s community.

As Hitler said:

"..I have the ambition to make the German people rich and Germany beautiful. I want to see the living standard of the individual raised."

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How the drive towards a people's community affected them?

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How the drive towards a people's community affected them?

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Groups:

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Chapter 5:  Contextualize: "The road to Auschwitz was built by hate, but paved with indifference"

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Chapter 5:  Contextualize: "The road to Auschwitz was built by hate, but paved with indifference"

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Hitler's personal popularity:
INSPIRING.
Hitler's cult was promote through the image it was projected of him. He was portrayed as "..a man of the people who had come to the fore to solve his nation's problems." He was considered great and simple, and he managed to be in the centre of Nazi propaganda: posters, maganize, articles, nesreels and films.  Due to this, his image was inspiring. He was a simple man, an ordinary and unknown one, who wanted to represent all that the German people felt and wanted.

OVERWHELMING.
His appearance anywhere was an emotional experience. People were even exciting about having him close to them, or to see the Hitler salute in his own personal way. They felt a huge overwhelming admiration towards him.

HEROIC.
Beyond all the propaganda he had, there was something deeper. From long before Hitler was orn, German culture had celebrated the principle of a leader-heroe. Such a leader would arise from among the people and be self-sacrificing for the rescue of the nation, indeed as Hitler. The simple and ordinary man could achieve what he wanted and to rescue Germany from what she had been suffering from during the Western Government. For instance, he became widespread as a heroe, representing a heroic leader from German Culture.

Hitler's part in the government of Germany:
DISORGANISED.
Due to the fact that Hitler rarely wrote what he wanted, ministers would try to get an idea of that by listening and working it out for themselves. Because of it, sometimes decrees contradicted each other and had to be withdrawn. Ministers did not meet together to take collective desicions and Hitler was not so explicit about which direction he aimed to go.

LAZY.
Hitler's way of working was unusual. He liked to stay up late and did not start the next day until at least 10 am. He was not clear and specific during his speechs, he didn't explain himself and expected that the others could understand him.

Concluding your Enquiry:
Was Hitler a weak or a strong dictator?
He was a strong dictator, despite his organization and some features which were not quite good,, for example his working style and the way he made decisions, everyone needed to get his agreement before anything could happen. It was Hitler's vision, ideas which always prevailed. His authority was respected, and indeed his dictatorship was effective. People recognized him as the leader.

If I have to choose my own word to summarise both Hitler's popularity and his way of ruling Germany, I will say that "Chaotic" is appropiate for both sides of the coin.
Hitler's image was everywhere. It was not only a matter of being in a poster, but also a matter of watching him in TV, switching the radio so as to know about him and so on. He managed to control society in every aspect and, it was chaotic. He won his popular support through it. Everywhere he went, there was a crowd of people waiting for him, so as to appreciate closer his salute. It was all about brainwashing, it was chaotic. Everything had been chosen, the Nazy ideology was there to stay, and people supported it.
But, "chaotic" could also be applied to the way he ruled Germany. Despite his power, his organisation was a chaos. Whenever a decree had to be written, the ministers would struggle to write it properly, and to fit it with Hitler's ideas. He was not clear about what he wanted, so it was not an easy work to work with him. Moreover, his work started at 10am, or even after lunch.