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Period 3
Bio
Hewitt

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Explain the five major 5 major extinctions.

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1) Ordovician-Silurian Mass Extinction- third largest mass extinction in history, sea life was the main victim of this mass extinction due to the fact that at this time life was mainly in the waters.
2) Late Devonian Mass Extinction- three quarters of all of the Earth's population was killed off during this extinction, sea life was also the main victim of this extinction and the reefs were greatly affected and didn't renew till approximately 100 million years later.
3) Permian Mass Extinction- also known as "The Great Dying", 96% of all of the species on Earth were killed off during this extinction, Earth today is descended from that remaining 4% of species that survived.
4) Triassic-Jurassic Mass Extinction-  there was two to three phases of this extinction that occurred, the cause of this loss of life was climate change, flood basalt eruptions and an asteroid that hit.
5) Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinction- also known as the K/T extinction, this is well know for the death of dinosaurs, many other organisms were terminated during this extinction like ammonites, flowering plants, and the very last of the pterosaurs.

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Molecular evolution is the process of change in the sequence composition of cellular molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins across generations.

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Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny is a phrase that means that an organisms development expresses all of the intermediate forms of its ancestors through evolution.

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Vestigial organs are structures of humans that corresponds to a structure or organ in an ancestral animal

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Homologous structures are the appearance of certain bones or ligaments in different animals that appear very similar showing the possibility of relation between the organisms

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Genetic Drift is the variation of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the possibility of disappearance of certain genes due to the as individuals die or don't reproduce.

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Sexual selection is like natural selection but is different by it being through the preference by one sex for a certain characteristic in individuals of another sex.

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This stands for Variation, Inheritance, Selection, and Time. Variation- DNA sequences changing over time, variation can occur from random point mutations, mobile DNA, symbiosis, etc. Inheritance- genetic material that is inherited directly from parent to child. Selection- some offspring have characteristics that allow them to better survive in their habitat and adapt to new surroundings, therefore allowing them to produce offspring and pass on those traits. Time- over time, selection occurs in species.

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Convergent evolution is the process of organisms that have no relation but still end up developing similar traits.

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Parallel evolution is the development of a similar trait in related, but distinct, species that came from the same ancestors.

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A mutation is the action of a DNA gene sequence being altered, often resulting in the change of the appearance of the organism

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Natural selection is the process of some organisms being able to adapt or change due to their environment or surroundings, therefore making them better at producing offspring and passing off those traits.

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Divergent evolution is the accumulation of differences of species which can often lead to differences in the species.

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Migration/gene flow is the process of genes being transferred from one population to another.