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The artificial lung is highly relevant to people outside of the scientific field in biomechanics as the purpose is to help people with lung failure/irregularities. The artificial lung is being developed in a more mobile form to help people who have lung failure which restricts them to a bed due to the large size of the machine. If successful in the future, the AL will have a positive affect on the humans as it will improve the life of numerous people.

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When are the inventions/technologies relevant to people outside of this science field?

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Do they affect anything positively or negatively?

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Anon., 2018. William J. Federspiel, PhD. [Online]

Available at: http://www.mirm.pitt.edu/our-people/faculty-staff-bios/william-j-federspiel-phd/
[Accessed 25 06 2018].

CrashCourse, 07/05/2017. The Ideal Gas Law: Crash Course Chemistry #12. [Online]
Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxUS1K7xu30
[Accessed 20 06 2018].

Jha, A., 09/05/2014. The Guardian. [Online]
Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/mar/09/ideal-gas-law-expand-heat-pressure-temperature-volume
[Accessed 22 06 2018].

Lipson, S., 27/07/2011. [Online]
Available at: https://www.zdnet.com/article/new-artificial-lung-breathes-like-a-real-one/
[Accessed 23 06 2018].

Lumen, n.d. Breathing. [Online]
Available at: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/breathing/
[Accessed 24 06 2018].

Piktochart, 2018. [Online]
Available at: https://create.piktochart.com/output/22222858-applications-of-gas-law-in-real-life
[Accessed 23 06 2018].

Wikipedia , 28/05/2018. Artificial lung. [Online]
Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_lung
[Accessed 23 06 2018].

Wilson, C., 21/03/2017. Artificial lungs in a backpack may free people with lung failure. [Online]
Available at: https://www.newscientist.com/article/2125422-artificial-lungs-in-a-backpack-may-free-people-with-lung-failure/
[Accessed 24 06 2018 ].

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The artificial lung is modelled as similarly to the natural lung as possible. This biomechanical lung has a greater amount of pressure externally, than internally. This has the same effect as the natural lung - as the pressure decreases, the volume inside the lung increases

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A biological lung uses Boyle’s gas law relevant to pressure and volume. When the body inhales, the lung’s volume is increased, and the pressure decreased at the same time. The muscles surrounding the lung expand out and the diaphragm lowers allowing maximum volume increase for the lung. In doing so, the lung has less pressure than when the body exhales and the muscles relax inward and the diaphragm rises upward therefore putting more pressure around the lung.

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This is working towards the aim of smaller and less bulky AL's, that are more functional for mobility. 

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This is working towards the aim of smaller and less bulky AL's, that are more functional for mobility. 

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For patient's who can pump blood through the gas exchanger without assistance with heart.

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Developing another kind of device that is strapped to the patient's body.

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Developed a lung that combines a pump and gas exchanger into one device - this is more efficient for mobility because the structure has less tubes externally.

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The lung is not yet adaptable for patients that still need assistance in pumping blood due to a weakened heart.

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Developing artificial lungs that are small enough to be carried in a backpack.

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Carnegie Mellon University (Pittsburgh USA) 

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Carnegie Mellon University (Pittsburgh USA) 

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Human trials predicted in eight to ten years (from 2011)

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Has not been tested on animals yet, but tested with pigs blood

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Contains artificial vessels, capillaries, and alveoli similar to natural lung

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The pressure on the outside of the AL is greater than the inside, therefore the oxygen flows into the blood through the membrane easier. This is reversed for carbon dioxide.

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Has very thin membrane that allows same process of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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This AL functions the same as a natural lung in many ways

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= weaker muscles = less likely to recover

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In 2011 reported investigations and experiments into creating a lung that used regular air, no purified oxygen tank required

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Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, and Case Western Reserve University (USA)

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Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, and Case Western Reserve University (USA)

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What is being investigated?
- Research into the artificial lung became a greater issue for many people since 2009, when an outbreak of swine flu caused lung failure/irregularities
- The lung is a highly complex organ. The heart has already been artificially developed as a prosthetic organ is simpler.
- AL’s currently prevent the patient from a mobile lifestyle due to the large size of the machine.
- AL's are the temporary solution for people before a lung transplant - a long term solution to their condition

Who researched/created the inventions and technologies?
The researchers and inventors of the artificial lungs are scientists in the biomechanics/Chemical Engineering field.

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The question identifies how humans have used the gas laws to to creatively and scientifically solve problems for humans, as well as advantage and enhance areas of lifestyle. There are numerous inventions dating back to, for example, the 1700s when the hot air balloon was invented, and recent technologies in the medical field that use the gas laws. Many of these are products or systems were created to benefit the human lifestyle. There is no specific science field or industry with technologies that involve the laws, as gas is everywhere and therefore adapting constantly to new environments. Some other examples of inventions are:

-       Syringe

-       Asthma puffer

-       Hot air balloons

-       Aircraft altitude

-       Pressure cooker
-       Refrigerator

Aside from the objects and products that are around the human life and add to make a much more luxurious lifestyle, there are technologies that are directly involved with the human body, so that in turn a person may live a lifestyle equal to most of those around them, where it is more comfortable with more opportunities.

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How are the Gas Laws used in Inventions/Technologies? 

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How are the Gas Laws used in Inventions/Technologies? 

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This improves the life of patients as they are not able to be mobile due to large inventions currently in use. 

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This improves the life of patients as they are not able to be mobile due to large inventions currently in use. 