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Scaffolding
Definition: | a temporary structure on the outside of a building, made usually of wooden planks and metal poles, used by workers while building, repairing, or cleaning the building.  Example:The teacher gives students a simplified version of a lesson, assignment, or reading, and then gradually increases the complexity, difficulty, or sophistication over time.
Support: | A teacher slowly but surely building up their lessons, one after another, to get to the end goal

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Inner Speech
Definition:Thinking in pure meanings and having the words die as they bring forth thought
Example: A child can think of something but does not bluntly say it.
Support: A child may say something to another child, and the child may internalize a thought but not say anything.

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Internalization
Definition:an individual's acceptance of a set of norms and values (established by others) through socialisation.
Example:Work ethics, for example, result from the internalization of attitudes toward time and effort.
Support: Students getting excited about learning new information through fun assignments

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Mediated Learning
Definition:he subtle social interaction between teacher and learner in the enrichment of the student's learning  experience
Example:A child learning the smells of a garden by spending time in it. This is a subconscious learning process. The child doesn’t realize they’re learning about the smell of flowers, yet the education is still happening. Support:Allowing students to explore environments outside of the classroom in order to develop new knowledge on different things.

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Social Construction of Meaning
Definition:one of the foundations of constructivism. It asserts three major themes regarding social interaction, the more knowledgeable other, and the zone of proximal development. Example: if a student did not understand factoring, a method to find the zero or zeros of an equation, I could have another student explain the concept to them. Support:A student helping out another so they are receiving the same information, but just with a different form of language and words.

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Role of diversity
Definition: Vygotsky explains that this is learning each individuals uniqueness, dimensions of their race, gender, sexual orientation, and social-economic stand point.
Example: A 12 year old realizes in their class that a child doesn't have as nice as clothes as they do, so they relate that with the persons social class.
Support: Children realize that they are diverse and have differences than others.

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Role of Diversity
Definition: Understanding that each individual is unique and and recognizing each others individual differences. This begins from age 12 to adulthood.
Example: A child might notice that another child's skin is a different color than them or that someone has a disability, but they realize that they are still a human being just like them.
Support: How children realize differences in each other but still understand respect and that they are a human being just like they are.

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Equilibration
Definition: Encompasses assimilation and accommodation.
Example: Children are satisfied with their current state but then begin coming aware of their shortcomings and become dissatisfied so they adapt a more sophisticated mode of thought that eliminates short coming.
Support: A child loves soup but then has bad soup and decides they don't like it anymore. They keep trying it and not liking it but then try some and like it again. They adapt their thinking to realize that not all soup is bad.

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Accommodation
Definition: The process of adapting or adjusting to something.
Example: New experiences cause a person to modify the existing schemas. You change the schema in order to fit in new information.
Support: When a child finds out new information they change the information they already know into brand new information which creates a new

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Assimilation
Definition: The processes of taking in and fully understanding ideas.
Example: A child sees a zebra for the first time and calls it a horse. They are associating this with what they have seen before.
Support: A child will have to accomodate information to fully understand the idea.

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Concrete Operations Stage
Definiton: The stage of development that is defined as the stage of cognitive development where a child can perform a variety of mental operations through concrete concepts when they are 7 to 12 years of age.
Example: Children can now organize rational thinking, for example, a child will start to pick up on other peoples emotions and behaviors and realize how their actions affect others.
Support: Children become more logical and understanding which is due to their ability to process situations in their mind and understands other peoples emotions.

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Formal Operations Stage
Definition: Fourth and final stage that starts at age 12 and lasts into adulthood. Development is more sophisticated and advanced.
Example: Reasoning through word problems and forming conclusions when in certain situations.
Support: Abstract thought is occurring and they can manipulate ideas in their heads.

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Preoperational stage
Definition: This is the second stage of Piagets theory of cognitive development from age 2-7 which is when children begin to involve themselves in symbolic play and symbols.
Example: Children's thoughts are egocentric and the child only sees perspective through their view. The assume others see, hear, and feel exactly how they are.
Support: Children will engage in parallel play but has not grasped the function of language, rules, and social function.

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Sensorimotor Stage
Definition: This is the first two stages of a infants's life which is characterized by the child learning through sensory and motor interaction in its environment.
Example: The child may suck its thumb and then later repeat the action because they find it soothing.
Support: Children will actively explore the environment around them and will absorbs things they sense and hear and apply it to their lives and action.