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the draining away of water (or substances carried in it) from the surface of an area of land, a building or structure, etc.

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SPIT - is a deposition bar or beach landform off coasts or lake shores.

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valley glacier-  streams of flowing ice that are confined within steep walled valleys

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a tributary is a river or stream flowing into a larger river or lake.

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A stalactite (UK: /ˈstæləktaɪt/, US: /stəˈlæktaɪt/; from the Greek stalasso, (σταλάσσω), "to drip", and meaning "that which drips") is a type of formation that hangs from the ceiling of caves, hot springs, or manmade structures such as bridges and mines. Any material that is soluble, can be deposited as a colloid, or is in suspension, or is capable of being melted, may form a stalactite. Stalactites may be composed of lava, minerals, mud, peat, pitch, sand, sinter, and amberat (crystallized urine of pack rats).[1][2] A stalactite is not necessarily a speleothem, though speleothems are the most common form of stalactite because of the abundance of limestone caves.[1][3]

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a thing, such as a row of trees or a fence, wall, or screen, that provides shelter or protection from the wind.

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Terrace farming- is a method of farming that consists of different "steps" or terraces that were developed in various places around the world. The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras (hills and mountains) is a World Heritage Site.

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till- a sediment consisting of particles of various sizes and deposited by melting glaciers or ice sheets.

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Josh. Rill -  a shallow channel cut into soil by the erosive action of flowing water. Similar but smaller incised channels are known as microrills; larger incised channels are known as gullies. Artificial rills are channels constructed to carry a water supply from a distant water source.

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Josh. Rill -  a shallow channel cut into soil by the erosive action of flowing water. Similar but smaller incised channels are known as microrills; larger incised channels are known as gullies. Artificial rills are channels constructed to carry a water supply from a distant water source.

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the movement of material along a coast by waves which approach at an angle to the shore but recede directly away from it.

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Meander- a winding curve or bend of a river

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take hold of (something) and quickly remove it from its place.

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a GULLY is a water-worn ravine.

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headland- a narrow piece of land that projects from a coastline into the sea.

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Pastoralism -  a form of animal husbandry, historically by nomadic people who moved with their herds. The species involved included cattle, camels, goats, yaks, llamas, reindeer, horses and sheep. "Pastoralism" often has a mobile aspect but this can take many forms and be at different scales

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Soil conservation is the prevention of soil loss from erosion or prevention of reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification, salinization or other chemical soil contamination. Slash-and-burn and other unsustainable methods of subsistence farming are practiced in some lesser developed areas.

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Kettle, also called Kettle Hole, in geology, depression in a glacial outwash drift made by the melting of a detached mass of glacial ice that became wholly or partly buried. The occurrence of these stranded ice masses is thought to be the result of gradual accumulation of outwash atop the irregular glacier terminus.

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An ice age is a long period of reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. Earth's climate alternates between ice ages and greenhouse periods, during which there are no glaciers on the planet. Earth is currently in the Quaternary glaciation, known in popular terminology as the Ice Age.[1] Individual pulses of cold climate within an ice age are termed "glacial periods" (or, alternatively, "glacials", "glaciations", "glacial stages", "stadials", "stades", or colloquially, "ice ages"), and intermittent warm periods within an ice age are called "interglacials" or "interstadials", with both climatic pulses part of the Quaternary or other periods in Earth's history.[2]

In the terminology of glaciology, ice age implies the presence of extensive ice sheets in both northern and southern hemispheres.[3] By this definition, we are in an interglacial period—the Holocene. The amount of heat trapping gases emitted into Earth's oceans and atmosphere are predicted to prevent the next glacial period, which otherwise would begin in around 50,000 years, and likely more glacial cycles.[4][5]

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MORAINE - a mass of rocks and sediment carried down and deposited by a glacier, typically as ridges at its edges or extremity.

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glacier

noun

1. a slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles.

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Continental glaciers are continuous masses of ice that are much larger than regular glaciers.

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delta- A flood tidal delta is an accumulation of sand on the shoreward sided of an inlet

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Conservation tillage system= a system that conserves soil by reducing erosion.

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India

Beach- a pebbly or sandy shore, especially by the ocean between high- and low-water marks.

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alluvial fan-a fan-shaped mass of alluvium deposited as the flow of a river decreases in velocity.

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cultivation- prepare and use (land) for crops or gardening.

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Cover crop

a crop grown for the protection and enrichment of the soil.

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genetic engineering

Genetic engineering, sometimes called genetic modification, is the process of altering the DNA? in an organism’s genome?.

This may mean changing one base pair? (A-T or C-G), deleting a whole region of DNA, or introducing an additional copy of a gene?.

It may also mean extracting DNA from another organism’s genome and combining it with the DNA of that individual.

Genetic engineering is used by scientists to enhance or modify the characteristics of an individual organism.

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Contour Farming - is a sustainable way of farming where farmers plant crops across or perpendicular to slopes to follow the contours of a slope of a field. This arrangement of plants breaks up the flow of water and makes it harder for soil erosion to occur

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crop roation -  the practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons. It is done so that the soil of farms is not used for only one set of nutrients. It helps in reducing soil erosion and increases soil fertility and crop yield.

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Floodplains are the areas of low-lying ground adjacent to rivers, formed mainly of nutrient-rich river sediments and subject to flooding after storms and heavy snowmelt.