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-Epistolary writing: Writing in the form of letters. At the beginning, Walton tells the story from his point of view by writing letters to his sister Margaret.
-Romantic writing: Descriptive and diverse language. Extreme contrast between emotions. The characters in the novel are always either very happy or very depressed.
-Pathetic Fallacy: Atmosphere reflects the mood. The monster is sad and depressed in the harsh cold winter, an he is uplifted and content with the warm spring breeze.
-Juxtaposition: Many of the symbols in the novel have 2 contrasting themes associated with them. The necklace, fire, lake, cottage and Justine are all examples of juxtaposition.

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Many of these symbols are examples of juxtaposition.
-Albatross: Ancient Mariner. He has to carry it with him forever, like Frankenstein has to live with his creation forever.
-Locket necklace: represents innocence and beauty, but also the ability to use it for destruction.
-Fire: Literally represents power, enlightenment, growth and discovery. Figuratively means destruction, terrorism, etc.
-Lake symbolizes calmness, tranquility, relief, lively. Also has the ability to take life.
-Cottage represents discovery, education, evolution. It then represents rejection, intolerance and lack of education, so the monster burns it down.
-Justine is innocent and kind, then she is accused of murder.

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-Influences of family and childhood: This theme is prominent at the start of the novel. We learn that Victor's father was not scientific, and his mother was an atheist. He took after his mother in that he explored science and was unique from the majority of society at that time. Which leads to the next theme...
-The Evolution of Science and Technology:  The novel was written during the enlightenment, a time when science was starting to become valid, researched and believed by more people. Victor used science to create the monster.
-Ambition and education fueling each other: Victor chooses to become educated on science. Then, his ambition lead him to create the monster. As he learns more, he has more desire to do things. Same with the monster, as he learns more about humans, he wants to meet them more.

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-The Enlightenment: A massive ideological shift that promoted science, individualism and skeptism. All of these are majour topics in the novel.
-Romantisicm: An international movement that shaped modern art, poetry, etc. The monster is a romantic hero because society rejects him because of his physical appearance.
-Science Fiction: Stories that are heavily based of of science but have a fictional/ non realistic element to them. The monster was created using scientific procedures, however certain aspects of the procedures were impossible.

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-There are many instances in the novel where the mood shifts dramatically. This is part of romantic writing, contrasting and extreme moods and emotions.
-Chapter 5: The mood shifts from positive, enthusiastic and happy to dark and horrifying when Victor becomes ill and paranoid.
-When the monster is living in his lean-to beside the cottage, the mood is enthusiastic, progressive and connective. When he is rejected by the De Laceys, the mood shifts to depressing and destructive.

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-Victor and Walton: Both adventurous, curious, learners. Walton explores the undiscovered arctic while Victor explores new possibilities in human biology.
-Victor and the Monster:  Both outcasts, learners, trying to find their paths. Trying to understand society. Victor is pursuing his education at Ingolstadt university, while the monster educates himself by observing the De Laceys and their everyday habits.

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Different perspectives give all sides of the story.
-Walton: At the beginning of the book, the story is told by Walton through the letters that he writes to is sister while he is exploring the arctic.
-Victor: For the first few chapters Victor Frankenstein is the narrator. He tells his story of how his life path lead him to creating the monster.
-The Monster: The viewpoint shifts and the monster tells his life story of how he tried to fit in with society.

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-Geneva: Where Victor grew up and where his family lives.
-Ingolstadt University: Where Victor lives and studies sciences
-Victor's lab: Where he creates the monster, body parts lying around everywhere
-De Lacey and family home: Where the monster takes refuge and becomes educated on human society
-Chamounix: Village in the Alps. The monster tries to settle here but the villagers reject him.