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GOLD - The leader of the expedition, Panfilo de Narvaez had secretly plotted points that the King did not know of that recent expeditions returning found gold and riches. One of Narvaez’s and the rest of the crew’s biggest motivations (After Narvaez told the crew about the gold) included finding the gold that the many recent returning expeditions reported seeing.

POS/NEG/WHY?

This was negative because this caused the crew to get into problems with Native American tribes, along the coast mainly, while in search of these riches Narvaez and the other expeditions promised.

GLORY- The Narvaez crew set sail in order to colonize Northwest America (And mainly Florida

GLORY - The Narvaez expedition crew set sail in order to colonize Southern America and Northern Mexico.

POS/NEG/WHY?

This was a negative cause because in attempt to colonize Florida and Southwest America through Northern Mexico the crew was caught between hurricanes at sea and Native American fights on land. With these problems the crew was decreases from a size of 300 men to only 4 men (Including Estevanico).

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1. The leader of the expedition, Panfilo de Narvaez promised they would find riches and give a small portion of them to everyone that donated money for the expedition. While on a search for the riches promised, many people part of the crew were killed by local Native American tribes and caught in hurricanes while on the ocean on the way to where riches could be. This effect is negative because while in search for riches to bring back to Spain the crew found themselves caught in between war and cruel weather.

2. Around 100 members part of the Narvaez expedition crew fled after hearing word about the recent expedition led by Lucas Vazquez de Ayllon derailed by an attack by Native Americans, killing around 450 to 600 people. This is a negative effect because this gave the Native Americans a bigger advantage in fights with strength in numbers. This was also positive because the expedition had a limited budget so it allowed the leaders of the expedition to save more money and last them longer (Which didn’t last them long due to the Native American attacks).

3. Everybody part of the 300 men crew but four people were either killed by Native Americans or by the difficult terrain/weather. This was actually a positive effect (Even though it doesn’t sound like it yet) because this set up Estevanico and the other three survivors to explore Southwest America and Northern Mexico with more freedom. This later set them up (Mainly Estevanico) to be guides for future expeditions led by Spain in order to set up colonizations across North America.

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Primary Source 1

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Background Information - Estevanico from Spain went on an expedition in attempt to colonize the area around Florida with a crew of 300 men. The expedition derailed and ended with only four men, Estevanico as one them. Those four men went all over Southern America and Northern America in search of riches and other Spaniards. When those four men explored around Northern Mexico they wound up finding a city (Mexico City in New Spain) of Spaniards. While in Mexico City the four explorers shared their experiences that they had with the many tribes that they visited and shared stories of very wealthy tribes that they visited. After hearing about these tribes the Viceroy of New Spain (Mexico today) had decided that they needed to travel to those wealthy tribes and trade for anything worth any money. The Viceroy didn’t have enough knowledge of the land so he had asked if any of the four men could lead the Viceroy and the rest of the people going to these tribes. With nobody stepping up to do it Estevanico volunteered and took the crew to the tribes.

Left Behind - Estevanico left behind a legacy. When he had went to the Zuni tribes in search of turquoise the Zuni people believed that he was a wizard due to the paint he had on his face and the gourd he held. Shortly after what many people believe the Zunis either killed or hid Estevanico the Zunis began incorporating a spirit named Chakwaina in ceremonies and is resembled by an african american man that looks almost the exact same that Estevanico did (Including clothes). This is very similar to the same legacy that St. Nicholas left behind. Almost everyone knows Santa Claus for bringing everyone in the world gifts for Christmas, however, many people don’t know Santa Claus as St. Nicholas. Santa Claus’ real name is actually St. Nicholas and the legend of Santa Claus began a while after St. Nick brought gifts to poor people’s houses at night. This is similar to how the Zuni call Estevanico, Chakwaina and exaggerate the legend today from the man himself many years ago.

Took - Estevanico took a great amount of knowledge with him after traveling all along southern America and Northern Mexico. With this knowledge Estevanico used it to help lead groups from Spain to the wealthy tribes that the four explorers told stories of. This is very similar to how Sacagawea had helped guide Lewis and Clark around the western portion of America because both of the guides (Estevanico and Sacagawea) are people that know the land very well and showed others around it.

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Primary Source 4

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Primary Source 2

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1. When Estevanico and the rest of the crew from the Narvaez expedition arrived to Florida in attempt to colonize there, war broke out between the Native Americans and the Spaniards. In result to the many battles only four of the main crew of the Narvaez expedition survived and many Natives dies. This is similar to the American Revolution because when people fled from England and into America to seek independence the British didn’t want that to happen so they sailed across the ocean to fight the thirteen colonies, later known as the country America. These two are both similar because both attempts at colonization involved war between at least two different countries. These are also different because the Narvaez expedition had wars between the homeland and the country attempting to colonize there while the American Revolution was a war between the country attempting to colonize and gain independence and the country that they came from.

2. Another effect from colonization is the spread of disease when people from one country spreads diseases to another country. From the beginning of colonization in the Americas in 1604 the immigrants arriving had been afflicted by many deadly diseases that go by the names of smallpox, diphtheria, malaria, and yellow fever. These immigrants had also come with new diseases that we know today as typhoid, tuberculosis, and whooping cough. With the spread of new diseases people became more vulnerable the more it spread and eventually, with all these diseases, from 1491-1691 90-95 percent of the people living in America had died due to these diseases. This is similar to the Silk Road due to the fact that there was a rapid spread of disease (The most deadly one being known as the Bubonic Plague) and those diseases wiped out a large portion of the population of Europe just like how the diseases in the Americas wiped out an enormous amount of that population.

3. The last effect from colonization is the independence of a colony and formation of a new country. This occured in 1640 when Portugal had gained independence from Spain. Portugal had formed colonies inside of at the time Spain because they wanted to gain independence from Spain. Spain obviously did not approve of this so the whole situation broke out into war. After a six year war between Spain and Portugal, Portugal attained independence. This is very similar to the American Revolution because people from Great Britain had set sail to the Americas so they could form colonies and gain independence from the British. Just like Spain, Great Britain didn’t approve of this and went to war with the thirteen colonies. The colonies known as the United States of America eventually took down the motherland, Great Britain and gained their independence.

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Learning Target 3: Primary Source 1&2 Compare and Contrast

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Learning Target 3: Primary Source 1&2 Compare and Contrast

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SAME- These two are similar because they are both maps that were used to get around an area that the people were unfamiliar of. The first map was the people of the Narvaez Expedition’s interpretation of the Americas and what they used to get around. The second picture is a map of Iceland that the Vikings used from as early as the 9th century.

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“Antique Native American Hopi Carved Chakwaina Warrior Katsina Doll.” Antique Native American Hopi Carved Chakwaina Warrior Katsina Doll, Kachina House, Sedona, Arizona, www.kachinahouse.com/antique-native-american-hopi-carved-chakwaina-warrior-katsina-doll.

Corissajoy. “Effects of Colonization.” Beyond Intractability, 5 July 2016, www.beyondintractability.org/essay/post-colonial.

“Estevanico: Explorer.” Estevanico: Explorer - EnchantedLearning.com, www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/page/e/estevanico.shtml.

“Estevanico.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Oct. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estevanico.

“Narváez Expedition.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 2 Oct. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narv%C3%A1ez_expedition.

“The Impact of Colonization.” The Impact of Colonization · US History, philschatz.com/us-history-book/contents/m49999.html.

“The Spanish Point of View of the Americas (1525).” Calamities: The Narvaez Expedition’s Tale of Discovery and Tragedy, BU Blogs, 1525, blogs.bu.edu/guidedhistory/historians-craft/michael-mell/.

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Primary Source 3

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Learning Target 3: Primary Source 3&4 Compare and Contrast

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Learning Target 3: Primary Source 3&4 Compare and Contrast

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SAME/DIFFERENT-

The first image is of the the book cover La Relacion (The Relation) that was published in 1542 and written by another one of the only four that survived the Narvaez expedition. This book was the very first written account of North America. The second picture is a map of the world created at the end of the 15th century that only has Asia, Europe, and Africa and doesn’t have any account of the Americas. These are both similar because they are accounts of the known world at the time but different because the book mentions of land not represented on the map.