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Video: Prolonged isolation in space affects astronauts.

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Video: Prolonged isolation in space affects astronauts.

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Do You Have The Right Personality For Long-Term Space Travel?

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What warning signs indicate stress in space? 

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What warning signs indicate stress in space? 

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Stress in Space - Judging an Astronaut's Mental State

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What Exactly Does Space Travel Do To Your Body?

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Scott Kelly talks about mental challenges with long term space travel

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Scott Kelly talks about mental challenges with long term space travel

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Astronaut Scott Kelly on the psychological challenges of going to Mars

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‘Happy Suit’ Might Help Astronauts Beat Space Depression

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by Leanne Prain (1689 words)

The need for recreation and active relaxation is as real in space as it is on Earth, and the creativity required to adapt games to the special demands of this environment is perhaps part of the fun.

'What three things would I take with me to Mars? A deck of cards, my wedding ring, and my Looney Pyramids,' states Dr Leila Zucker on her personal website. Zucker, an ER physician based in Washington DC, is an avid game player who is among the 100 remaining candidates currently being considered for the Mars One Mission. A private enterprise set up by Dutch entrepreneur Bas Lansdorp, Mars One aims to establish the first permanent human colony on the Red Planet by 2032 (see WTW Issue 4). During the seven-month trip to Mars, participants will have to amuse themselves. Fortunately, with a little creativity, play is as possible as it is critical in space.

The need for recreation and active relaxation is as real in space as it is on Earth. The creativity required to adapt games to the special demands of this environment is perhaps part of the fun.

The Looney Pyramids, a set of lightweight, stackable styrene pyramids,, and a deck of cards would allow Zucker to play over 500 games varying from simple to complex, short to long. 'Playing games in space, especially with pyramids, literally opens up a whole new dimension,' she says. 'Imagine playing a game where your pieces were arranged not in 2‑D but in 3‑D.' Such complexity and novelty will be sorely needed on the mission since candidates who make the final selection get a one-way ticket to Mars, leaving their home planet for good.

'There's nothing better than sitting around with your friends and playing a game. A good game is visually appealing. There is a visceral feeling to holding a piece in your hands,' says Andrew Looney, Chief Creative Officer of Looney Labs, and inventor of the Looney Pyramids. 'You should be able to play a game anytime, anywhere.' A former NASA employee, he's confident that his games would work on Mars, whose gravitational pull is only 38% of Earth's.

Looney compares game design to coding for the Hubble Space Telescope. 'In my previous life as an aerospace engineer, I wrote a lot of code. I find that writing software is a similar process to writing game rules. You try and get rid of all potential errors.' One discipline that helps him work out these details is to describe new games to his company in the form of a design memo. 'Nothing forces you to think through an idea like writing it down,' he says.

All games balance prescribed goals with an element of chance, an uncertainty that the goals will be reached. In this, they are remarkably like space travel, and the longer the mission, the greater the uncertainty. 'Most of our current missions to the International Space Station are six months to a year, so we don't have enough data about astronauts' health on longer missions,' says Dr Raffi Kuyumjian, Chief Medical Officer of the Canadian Space Agency's operational space medicine programme, who monitors the astronauts' vital statistics to understand how they change in space, and to help them stay healthy before, during and after their missions.

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But in addition to the physiological effects of long-term space travel, there are psychological ones, including the stress caused by isolation, by knowing that your every action is being recorded, and by separation from loved ones. 'When space missions were shorter, astronauts were selected purely for their technical skills, but over the course of many missions, we've learned that the space station is a closed environment with many different cultures,' says Kuyumjian. Selecting a team of astronauts is not a matter of choosing people who are instantly compatible, but of choosing team players who can learn to work and grow together in a challenging environment.

On December 28, 1973 three American astronauts at NASA's Skylab, Jerry Carr, Ed Gibson, and William Pogue, felt so fatigued by their 16-hour workdays that they staged a one-day strike. Their protest, in which they cut off communication with ground control and spent the day relaxing, set a precedent for future missions to recognise the importance of downtime. 'We learned from early research that [astronauts] needed the ability to call family and not be overworked. They have a regular work week, and aside from a few clean-up chores, they have weekends off,' says Kuyumjian.

Looney was once sent an academic textbook called Rules of Play, in which he found himself categorised as a 'full game system designer', which means 'I create a set of complements that the game can occur in, which involves thinking at a higher level than the game itself.'

'I believe that games such as chess or Scrabble act as an important means of maintaining mental well-being during a space mission. They allow for the ability to detach from the seriousness and monotony of being "trapped" in a potentially dangerous workplace environment,' says Gary Bevan, Chief of Aerospace Psychiatry at NASA's Johnson Space Center. 'They allow crew members to engage with each other socially, free of making a mistake that could damage the space station or ruin a complex scientific experiment.'

Chess was part of life on the ISS in both 2008 and 2011, when astronauts Greg Chamitoff and Greg Johnson played an 'interplanetary space game' against earthlings who could suggest countermoves in a game facilitated by the United States Chess Federation. As for Scrabble, Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield left Earth with a travel-sized set. Each tiny letter tile had a Velcro backing so it could be affixed to the board, which was hung in the mess area. In the zero-gravity environment of the ISS, the pieces need to be secured or they would float away, though lost pieces could usually be found relatively easily, not on a floor or under a couch as on Earth, but in the space station's air filters.

Hadfield also developed space darts, adapting the popular bar game to a microgravity environment where sharp objects could not be thrown. His dart had a heavy camera battery for a nose, two zip-ties for a shaft, and notepaper for fletching. As ungainly as they may look, space darts drift gracefully from one end of the cabin to the other when thrown, quite unlike their planetside counterparts.

The games that astronauts choose to play appear personal, but Looney states that there are two types of game players: those driven by strategy who play to win, and those who are the 'party game' people. 'They don't play to win; for them it's about the experience of playing.'

And when asked if astronauts tend to fall into one personality type or the other, Bevan puts game play into perspective: 'I believe that most astronauts feel that their ultimate achievement was made when they reached orbit and began to experience life in zero gravity, realising their lives' dreams. Given that, the gameplay during a space mission is most likely just for fun.'

Leanne Prain is a writer and designer who lives and works in Vancouver, Canada. She hopes one day she'll see crokinole, her favourite game, played in space.

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Zero-Gravity Games: How Astronauts Play in Space

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by Leanne Prain (1689 words) The need for recreation and active relaxation is as real in space as it is on Earth, and the creativity required to adapt games to the special demands of this environment is perhaps part of the fun. 'What three things would I take with me to Mars?

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HOW ASTRONAUTS GET ALONG IN SPACE? | Sciencast

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Making sure NASA Selects Mentally and Physically Healthy & Tough Astronauts for Space Travel

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Making sure NASA Selects Mentally and Physically Healthy & Tough Astronauts for Space Travel

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While most people understand that becoming an Astronaut isn't the simplest career to break into, they probably don't understand the rigorous mental and physical conditioning required to prepare an individual's mind and body for space. Beyond the physical strain placed on a person's body during the actual flight to space, the more time in space, the more strain on the body. NASA has recognized the necessity for a program to prepare the Astronauts for their mission to space, in addition to post rehabilitation upon returning to earth.

NASA Selection Process

Finding the appropriate person to send to space, as well as preparing them for travel, is a scrupulous process that NASA has perfected to provide the Astronauts with a superb quality of Psychiatric Treatment and physical fitness testing. A few of the selected traits that NASA searches for is:

Strong Communication Skills

Robust Motivation

Self-Control

Teamwork Skills

Leadership Ability

Mental stability is one of the most important factors for choosing the appropriate person. This is usually not difficult to find due to the types of careers that the selection of candidates come from, for example, fighter pilots, engineers with doctorate degrees, CIA or FBI agents, just to name a few.

Physique and fitness are also a top priority for candidates being considered for the NASA program. A trait that some do not consider is the height, because of limited space within the space shuttle, in addition to blood pressure, eyesight, and excellent health overall.

After being selected as an Astronaut candidate, there is a qualification period of two years compiled of specialized training all over the world. This training is that of boot camp with military style water exercises, classroom training, and Russian language training. After graduating and becoming an official Astronaut, it could be several years before qualifying for an actual flight to space.

Physical and Mental Preparation

Two years prior to a space mission, NASA notifies those selected for the space trip to allow time for physical and mental preparation for them and their families. Mental health evaluations become a regular activity for the Astronaut, as so does psychological training on dealing with other Astronauts on the flight.

Gravity plays an important role in the human body's physical makeup, consequently living in an environment with little to no gravity causes a reaction in the human body similar to that of someone being bedridden. Increased strain on the cardiovascular system also plays a major role in the health of an Astronaut during a space flight. Due to the physical burden on the body throughout even a short space flight, let alone a lengthy space flight, being physically fit is of tremendous importance for the Astronaut.

Requirements of cardiovascular activity through aerobic workouts, water training, cycling, and treadmill exercises, often completed within the microgravity simulator to further understand the outer space environment and effects on the human body. Continuous cardiovascular exercise throughout the space flight is imperative for the Astronauts to maintain their range of motion in their joints. While weights do not offer any benefit in space, resistance training assists in reversing bodily fluids back to a normal state which then relieves post flight weakness, fatigue, dizziness, and other symptoms of Orthostatic Intolerance.

Becoming a NASA Astronaut is a massive accomplishment for any person, moreover, traveling to outer space for any amount of time is even more of an accomplishment. Training for both is an extensive process that NASA continues to redefine and improve to prepare the Astronaut for the safest experience possible.

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Astronauts: The Importance of Mental & Physical Pre-Flight Fitness

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While most people understand that becoming an Astronaut isn't the simplest career to break into, they probably don't understand the rigorous mental and physical conditioning required to prepare an individual's mind and body for space. Beyond the physical strain placed on a person's body during the actual flight to space, the more time in space, the more strain on the body.

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How technology may help keep astronauts happy during long term space travel

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How technology may help keep astronauts happy during long term space travel

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NASA has a bold plan to send astronauts to Mars by 2030 (or thereabouts). In preparation for this monumental Martian mission, the space agency needs to make sure everything's in order years beforehand.

From engineering the rockets and making sure there are enough supplies for a round trip, to developing 3D printing tools and ensuring a long-distance communications system is up to the challenge, there's a lot to think about, develop and test.

But it's easy to focus on the tech and logistics and overlook arguably the most important bit of the mission: the astronauts themselves.

NASA is working hard to ensure that astronauts are well fed, comfortable(ish) and physically fit in space so they're at tip-top condition. But their mental health is just as important.

Why mental health matters

Although everyone should be taking care of their physical and mental health, whether they're working on the International Space Station (ISS) or working at a desk, looking after your mental well-being is different in space.

We asked Nicholas C. Salamon, Researcher at The Ohio State University, who's interested in tech applications that positively impact mental health on long-term space missions, what needs to be considered.

"Happiness and mental well-being are important for most people, but mental health is especially important for astronauts on long missions simply due to the nature of their environment," he told us.

"On Earth, having a couple bad days in a row probably won't endanger anyone. In space, however, an astronaut suffering a decrement in mental health could make a mistake that ends the mission or worse, the lives of the crew."

Luckily, astronauts are extremely well-trained. Not only that, but they have a support network that includes communication with people on the ground, time to relax and time to socialize.

Testing on the ground

Traveling to Mars will come with its own set of challenges, all of which are impossible to recreate exactly on Earth. But that doesn't mean that studying similar situations isn't extremely useful in preparing for long-haul space travel.

Environments like Arctic research stations and submarines can provide a useful context that could help us assess the psychological issues that might arise on a mission to the red planet.

The most significant experiment taking place on Earth is NASA's Human Exploration Research Analog, also known as HERA. It's a closed habitat at the Johnson Space Center, which looks at the effects that confinement, isolation and working in remote conditions have on humans. It's used to look into medical and physical issues, as well as behavioral health and performance.

Ensuring astronauts are healthy and happy

NASA divides these physical and mental health factors into five categories that are related to the pressures astronauts are subject to as they travel through space. There's gravity fields, hostile/closed environments, space radiation, distance from Earth and isolation/confinement.

There are plenty of physical health considerations, from making sure astronauts get enough exercise so their muscle mass doesn't decrease too much through to ensuring they're not exposed to too much radiation. While all of the above factors could impact the mental health of the crew, the main one that's directly tied to wellbeing is isolation and confinement.

"The more confined and isolated humans are, the more likely they are to develop behavioral or cognitive conditions, and psychiatric disorders," the NASA website explains. That's why it's been vital for NASA to study the behavior and mental health of people in confined spaces, like HERA, for a long time to address some of these issues.

Interestingly, NASA has identified that sleep plays a big part in overall mental health, which won't be a huge surprise for anyone who suffers from restless nights and bad moods the next day. That's because the pressures of space, the lack of regular light and the confined surroundings make a regular sleep/wake cycle difficult to maintain.

A number of solutions are already being tested (and used on space missions aboard the ISS) to address these issues, like actigraphy. This helps astronauts assess and improve their sleep and alertness by recording how much they move, and the amount of ambient light around them each day.

There are also new and improved lighting solutions that use LED tech, and which will soon be used on the ISS to align astronaut's circadian rhythms in an attempt to improve performance and alertness, and aid better sleep.

Furthermore, therapeutic activities are being introduced, such as journaling. The idea is this will give astronauts a safe space to vent their frustrations, as well as provide researchers with a tool to study behavioral issues.

The possibilities of virtual reality

Virtual reality tech is already being used by both private space companies and space agencies to train astronauts on the ground and up in space. But the use of virtual reality as a medical tool has yet to be fully realized.

Salamon produced a research paper that explored the ways VR could positively impact the mental health of astronauts on long missions.

The first is that it can enable people to see virtual, natural environments. There have been countless studies about the efficacy of having people view nature scenes to decrease stress, which could be even more powerful up in space.

Not only can nature scenes ease stress, they could also provide a calming and confidential environment that feels private in the confined and intense conditions of a spacecraft.

Ohio State University's Salamon explained: "Stress management will be crucial on long space missions, and initial research shows that exposure to simulated natural environments can have a calming effect after stressors."

VR has been used as a form of stress management and even pain management in a number of scenarios, from diagnosing and treating anxiety to dealing with PTSD, so it makes sense that Salamon and his team would point to VR's ability to provide the same benefits to astronauts.

A 2006 study found that pairing indoor exercise with a VR headset produced calming effects, which were even more calming than exercising outdoors among nature. Therefore, one way to deliver VR experiences might be to combine the technology with exercise.

"Astronauts already have to exercise for two hours every day to combat the muscle deterioration experienced in microgravity," Salamon told us. "Instead of staring at the wall of their spacecraft, they could go on a jog through a forest, a park, their hometown, or anywhere really."

The UK's National Health Service is investing in VR therapy as a way to treat a number of mental health problems; although, as with all aspects of VR, more research needs to be done in order to determine whether it's as effective as it appears to be in initial trials.

It's clear that, as tech advances, there could be huge opportunity for VR to help calm people and assist them in working through problems, whether their feet are planted firmly on Earth or they're on their way to Mars.

The great thing about VR is it's versatile. This means that although it can be used to calm people and give them alone time in nature, the right experience could also help them to feel more connected to others. "Basically, the flexible nature of VR means it could potentially be used for relaxation, stimulation, socialization, exercise... the list goes on," says Salamon.

"VR could also be used to combat boredom through immersive games or movies, and it could be used in a collaborative environment with other astronauts to create a social experience."

It can also be used as a way for them to better communicate with friends and family on Earth. This could make astronauts feel less lonely, and they may miss their families less if they can interact with them regularly rather than just sending text-based messages or using video calling.

Thanks to platforms like Facebook Spaces and vTime, developments in social VR as a means to connect people at great distances look promising, especially given advances in haptic touch technology. This could allow astronauts to even 'touch' their friends, partners and families from millions of miles away, which would foster an even greater sense of connection.

The future of mental health in space

It's still early days in assessing just how useful VR technology could be to astronauts on long-haul missions, and Salamon's research points to the need for more experimentation in this area. But given that VR is proving to be a valuable way of positively impacting on many areas of mental wellbeing, from calming stress to pain management, it seems likely it can be equally beneficial, if not more so, for space travelers.

"It is possible to make educated guesses about the efficacy of these methods, but it will be very important to perform in-depth studies that allow researchers to learn what works and what doesn't, and even what strategies might actually create an adverse effect on mental health in space," Salamon told us.

After all, there's a big difference between testing VR applications on Earth and on a spacecraft. "The social dynamic among a crewed Mars mission will be totally unique in many ways, which makes it hard to know which methods will be most effective," Salamon adds.

But he believes these challenges shouldn't put us off further exploring how VR could be used in space. "It shouldn't be written off as a gimmick. It has huge potential as a tool to keep astronauts, and others, mentally and emotionally grounded by providing virtual environments and scenarios that they would not have access to otherwise."
TechRadar's is brought to you in association with Honor

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The tech that could keep astronauts happy on their missions to the stars

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NASA has a bold plan to send astronauts to Mars by 2030 (or thereabouts). In preparation for this monumental Martian mission, the space agency needs to make sure everything's in order years beforehand.

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Astronauts having fun on the international space station

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Astronauts having fun on the international space station

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The INSIDER Summary:

French astronaut Thomas Pesquet takes delightful photos of life on the International Space Station.

It seems like a ton of fun up there.

Astronauts celebrate holidays together, eat food as it floats in the air, and enjoy the cosmic views.

Becoming an astronaut isn't easy. Applicants need to be at the top of their fields to even qualify for training. If chosen, they must acquire extensive knowledge of orbital mechanics, navigation, vehicle design, languages, and other subjects. Only then will they be assigned to a crew and start learning about their particular mission.

Individuals selected for spaceflight have put in years of hard work and dedication to earn their spots, so they deserve to have a little fun once they leave the atmosphere.

Thomas Pesquet, a French astronaut with the European Space Agency and crew member with Expeditions 50 and 51 on the International Space Station, does a fantastic job capturing the unadulterated joy that he and his fellow astronauts feel while living out their dreams and living in weightlessness.

Of course they don't spend ~all~ of their time chomping food out of the air and pretending to be superheroes. Only, you know, some of it.

Here are some of his delightful photos of life on the ISS.

Read the original article on INSIDER. Copyright 2018. Follow INSIDER onTwitter.

More: Features Space Travel Space Exploration

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18 photos that show how much fun astronauts have in space

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The INSIDER Summary: French astronaut Thomas Pesquet takes delightful photos of life on the International Space Station. It seems like a ton of fun up there. Astronauts celebrate holidays together, eat food as it floats in the air, and enjoy the cosmic views. Becoming an astronaut isn't easy.

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During the last nearly 16 years, the International Space Station has been a home for many astronauts and cosmonauts. Currently, there are six people aboard the ISS and, like many before them, spend around nine and a half hours a day doing different research. If we exclude the time they spend sleeping, members of the crew have around four hours a day of free time during which they eat, but also entertain themselves.

To maximize the use of their free time, many find interesting ways of entertainment.

"Flying"

One of the most interesting things you can do aboard the Space Station is to "fly". In space there are no terms 'up' and 'down', there is no floor or ceiling.

The astronauts use the handles to push themselves around the Station in weightlessness. It does take some time to get used to it, but after a few months, it becomes normal. Of course, many astronauts use the lack of gravity in order to "fly" around the Station because...well, why not!?

Food

Believe it or not, the astronauts describe the food at the ISS as very delicious. Of course, it does help that they have a big role in choosing the food that will be delivered. During the time in space, the taste sense of the astronauts weakens due to the way in which body fluids circulate in weightlessness. Towards the end of their missions, many agree that they enjoy spicy food due to this phenomenon.

Some, of course, decide to have fun while eating. Here you can see the astronaut Chris Cassidy enjoying a 'flying' bite.

Drinks

Fluids behave differently in space. The astronauts can't simply pour a cup of coffee. They have to fill up a special bag with a liquid and then use a specially designed straw to drink so their coffee doesn't float away.

Here you can see the famous astronaut Scott Kelly drinking coffee. It may look a little unusual, but that's the way it is in space.

Playing games

The ISS crews have the time to enjoy movies or play games. Some of them spend their time reading books or taking photos of our planet. And sometimes they play games that are possible only in zero gravity.

Astronaut Alexander Gerst decided to play soccer with his colleagues.

Spacewalk

The preparations for a spacewalk may take eight to twelve hours. The astronauts who go for a walk in space need to be focused on their tasks and they have a tight schedule to keep. But, if they're lucky, they may catch a moment or two in which they can enjoy the view of the Earth from around 400 kilometers. Many astronauts describe this view as the most beautiful thing they had ever seen in their lives.

Terry Virsta and Barry "Butch" Wilmore shared part of their experience with us.

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Fun in zero gravity: This is how astronauts 'kill' time

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During the last nearly 16 years, the International Space Station has been a home for many astronauts and cosmonauts. Currently, there are six people aboard the ISS and, like many before them, spend around nine and a half hours a day doing different research.

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Learn how play helps your child develop a variety of social, emotional, physical, creative, cognitive, and communication skills

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I learned that astronauts work better as a team when there are many leaders not just one.  They need to share the work.

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i learned that playing makes you smarter

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i learned that astronauts play with liquid and food --Isla

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i learned that astronauts play with liquid and food --Isla

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the death in space has to have one of these 1 bone loss 2 no strong muscles 3 not a lot of food a day or death.

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I learned that space travel gives astronauts headaches.

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i learned that playing and physical activity gives you the strength to be creative and work better on tasks.

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A Happy suit  tell how much physical activity a space Explorer is doing.

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I learned that there has to be many leaders not just one and our Space Exploration Team is coming up with ways to have astronauts to do more physical activity and work together.

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if you are not socal you get things like depreson and loneyness that can affect a persons mood makeing theme more sad and unhappy

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Astronauts play with board games that are magnetic so they don't move in space, or they play anti gravity ping pong

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Astronauts play ping pong with water! So cool!

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Astronauts play ping pong with water! So cool!

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WOW! Scott Kelly playing Ping Pong in Zero Gravity (4K Ultra HD)

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Flying ping pong (like pong video game) in space

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Flying ping pong (like pong video game) in space

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Alexander Gerst and Reid Wiseman play Ping-Pong in microgravity

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so they can do their mission successfully. they need to get along so they can survive in space and not die. If they have a conflict in space, then it could mess up the mission.

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it can make them crazy or depressed or home sick

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Laughter, which is present in many kinds of playful activities, releases those same feel-good hormones. The act of simply laughing with others will also foster a sense of camaraderie and strengthen your relationships, too.

Get the better newsletter.

At work, play increases your productivity levels and makes you more creative. In fact, in their book " Welcome to Your Child's Brain: How the Mind Grows from Conception to College," Dr. Sam Wang and Dr. Sandra Aamodt discuss how play contributes to successful problem solving, not just at work, but in your personal life, too. "Work in adult life is often most effective when it resembles play. Indeed, total immersion in an activity often indicates that the activity is intensely enjoyable; this is the concept of flow, or what athletes call being in the zone," they wrote. "Flow occurs during active experiences that require concentration but are also highly practiced, where the goals and boundaries are clear but leave room for creativity. This describes many adult hobbies, from skiing to music, as well as careers like surgery and computer programming."

Finally, as you age, play (especially the social and group kinds) facilitates happiness, wards off depression, improves cognitive health and lowers your risk of developing age-related diseases like dementia.

So you're convinced that you could benefit from adding play back into your weekly routine. But what exactly does play look like for adults?

Think of play as more of a mental approach to activities, not necessarily the particular activities themselves. In fact, you don't really need to worry about if an activity constitutes as play or not, as long as you adopt a playful mindset and of course, have fun, while you're partaking. It could be taking part in your favorite sport, playing a board game with your family, solving sudoku puzzles on the commute to work, swimming with friends, taking an exercise class or cooking a new recipe.

What feels like play to you may not to the next person, and that's okay. (A friend may love playing volleyball at the beach, while you, on the other hand, see it as self-inflicted torture.) "The definition of play connotes voluntariness and vulnerability. It's anything you feel like doing without being made or forced to," explains play expert, creative strategist and toy designer Yesim Kunter. Kunter develops play experiences and applies play philosophy to spaces, environments and communities, She also trains organizations to leverage creativity and innovation through play workshops. " Being happy, relaxed, free, feeling like time is flowing, not constantly checking your watch - those things signify that you are in play mode."

Clinical psychologist and chief of the Division of Psychology at Ellis Hospital, Dr. Rudy Nydegger, says there are two basic tenets of play. "First, it is something that we do for recreation that is purely for enjoyment and/or entertainment - it is something we do just for fun," he says. "Second, it is something that is intrinsically motivating. In other words it is something that we want to do and is not something we need to be coerced or 'bribed' into doing. It is voluntary; we do it just because we want to."

You can either carve out a special time for play, such as planning a weekend activity with friends, finishing a crossword puzzle every night before bed or heading out for daily morning runs. Or you can also decide to incorporate play into regular tasks that are already on your to-do list: like doodling while you're on a conference call at work or singing and dancing in the shower or while you clean.

Because most adults spend the bulk of their waking hours at the office, making sure you experience some type of play there is crucial. "A lot of offices are sterile and 'unplayful,' so it could be simple and subtle playful things like using colorful pens on your tables or having posters with nice inspirational quotes on your desk wall," Kunter explains. "And if your office allows it, playing a board game for just 15 minutes with your colleagues is a great way to play and refresh yourself during office hours."

Here are five ways Kunter says you can easily incorporate play into your office space:

Keep simple games, like Jenga, in your office. You can play solo or invite your colleagues to join you during breaks.

Have colorful pens, pencils, crayons and large paper on the walls, where you and other people can freely draw or write.

Put up posters or quotes of the day with humorous sayings or entertaining cartoons.

Keep playful objects like a spinning top or a crystal prism on your desk to relax your mind, keep your hands busy during conference calls and reignite creativity.

If your office is so austere that none of the other suggestions will fly, take a break from your work throughout the day to play with juxtapositions, metaphors and analogies in your mind.

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Adults need recess too. Here's why you should make time to play.

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Laughter, which is present in many kinds of playful activities, releases those same feel-good hormones. The act of simply laughing with others will also foster a sense of camaraderie and strengthen your relationships, too. Get the better newsletter. At work, play increases your productivity levels and makes you more creative.

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Astronauts can bring things into space with them.

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Astronauts can bring things into space with them.

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How much stuff can astronauts bring to space? originally appeared on Quora: the place to gain and share knowledge, empowering people to learn from others and better understand the world.
Answer by Robert Frost, Instructor and Flight Controller at NASA, on Quora:
The Space Shuttle program instituted a PPK (Personal Preference Kit) that was used to carry personal belongings of each crew member.

The contents of a PPK were limited to 20 separate items, with a total weight of 0.682 kilograms (1.5 pounds). The volume of a PPK must be contained in a 12.82 centimeters × 20.51 centimeters × 5.13 centimeters (5′′×8′′×2′′) bag provided by NASA.

Soyuz has a little bit looser allowances for mass. An astronaut/cosmonaut can take up to 1 kg of material.

Separate from the PPK are crew care packages. These are manifested by the psychological support teams and include personal items considered to be for the wellbeing of the crewmembers, such as books, CDs, religious supplies, holiday decorations, and favorite condiments.

In addition, some personal items can be manifested under necessary supplies - for example, a crew member can have a baseball cap and/or sweatshirt from their alma mater included as part of their clothing allowance.

There is also an OFK (Official Flight Kit) in which crewmembers can put mementos for family members or their support team. For example, crewmembers sometimes fly 4"x6" personal photos of their instructors that they will take a picture of, on-orbit, and return to the instructors. The OFK also usually includes crew patches and/or pins that the astronaut will give to people, when they return.

This question originally appeared on Quora - the place to gain and share knowledge, empowering people to learn from others and better understand the world. You can follow Quora on Twitter, Facebook, and Google+. More questions:

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How Many Personal Items Can Astronauts Bring To Space?

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How much stuff can astronauts bring to space? originally appeared on Quora: the place to gain and share knowledge, empowering people to learn from others and better understand the world. Answer by Robert Frost, Instructor and Flight Controller at NASA, on Quora: The Space Shuttle program instituted a PPK (Personal Preference Kit) that was used to carry personal belongings of each crew member.

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One solution to getting astronauts to work together is to include time for debriefs.  What are those?

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One solution to getting astronauts to work together is to include time for debriefs.  What are those?

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In The Martian, astronaut Mark Watney is accidentally abandoned on the surface of the planet Mars. Through his own ingenuity he manages to stay alive on the inhospitable planet, but his only chance to make it home depends on the sophisticated collaboration between the crew still on the shuttle and his colleagues back on Earth.

As the film elegantly illustrates, some of the biggest challenges for a mission to Mars aren't technological, they're psychological.

Just imagine being trapped in a confined space with your coworkers 24 hours a day for over a year without seeing your friends or family. While disagreements in the office can hurt business, bickering in space can easily lead to fatal mistakes.

NASA is looking to psychological scientists to help keep teams in space functioning smoothly, regardless of the circumstances. In a recent article in Current Direction in Psychological Science, a team of researchers led by Eduardo Salas of Rice University summarized findings from the emerging field of teamwork in space.

"Space exploration is really a team sport," according to Salas and colleagues. "A real mission to Mars will require a team of crew members who will have to endure and sustain team performance requirements never seen before."

And insights from this research aren't limited to space - they can also be applied to teams right here on Earth. One effective strategy for keeping teams on track - whether in space or in the office - is "debriefing," or discussing ways to improve as a group after a task is completed. From astronauts to accountants, a recent meta-analysis suggests that a 15-minute debrief can lead to robust improvements in performance.

Psychological scientists Scott Tannenbaum and Christopher Cerasoli of the Group for Organizational Effectiveness conducted a meta-analysis of 31 studies on debriefs comprising a total of 2,136 participants. Their results indicate that on average, debriefs improved effectiveness over a control group by around 25%.

Their extensive review on the literature identified four essential elements to an effective debriefing:

Active self-learning - Participants engage in some form of active involvement rather than being merely passive recipients,

Developmental intent - A clear, primary intent for improvement or learning that is non-punitive rather than judgmental,

Specific events - Involves reflection on specific events or performance episodes rather than general performance or competencies,

Multiple information sources - Includes input from multiple team members or from a focal participant and at least one external source, such as an observer or objective data source.

"By pairing active learning with multiple information sources to improve situational understanding and by identifying lessons learned and establishing specific future plans and goals, debriefs are designed to give individuals and teams a systematic, credible method for improving their performance," they write in the journal Human Factors.

Overall, the researchers found that teams that used debriefs were consistently more effective than teams that did not, showing an average performance improvement of 20% to 25%. Debriefs tended to be more effective when they were structured, and when an outside facilitator lead them. Though the results were robust, the researchers urge caution before making any causal inferences.

These kinds of debrief techniques are already being incorporated into plans for a future trip to Mars.

Communications between Earth and Mars will have a lag of at least 20 minutes each way, so psychological scientists are working with NASA to develop automated debrief protocols that don't rely on outside facilitators. One tool is already being tested with teams living and working together in isolated confined environments that simulate life in space.

"The tool gathers and analyzes crew input to produce a customized debrief guide for each team, with a focus not only on team- and task work but also on factors that might affect team resilience," Salas and colleagues conclude. "Data analysis is underway, but initial findings have been positive, and crews consistently reported that this technique surfaced important teamwork challenges and helped them to self-adjust."
References
Salas, E., Tannenbaum, S. I., Kozlowski, S. W., Miller, C. A., Mathieu, J. E., & Vessey, W. B. (2015). Teams in Space Exploration A New Frontier for the Science of Team Effectiveness. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(3), 200-207. doi: 10.1177/0963721414566448

Tannenbaum, S. I., & Cerasoli, C. P. (2013). Do team and individual debriefs enhance performance? A meta-analysis. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 55(1), 231-245. doi: 10.1177/0018720812448394

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What a Mission to Mars Can Teach Us about Teamwork

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In The Martian, astronaut Mark Watney is accidentally abandoned on the surface of the planet Mars. Through his own ingenuity he manages to stay alive on the inhospitable planet, but his only chance to make it home depends on the sophisticated collaboration between the crew still on the shuttle and his colleagues back on Earth.

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Research Project - FIRST LEGO League - Research and Robotics Competition

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In the research project, the FLL teams pose their own research question, which fits the seasonal topic. They develop an innovative solution. Creativity and lateral thinking play an important role here.

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What if we made a new monopoly game for astronauts in space to help them talk about family and home

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I learned...

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using imagination
taking funny pictures
Watching soccer
playing football
hanging Christmas Trees upside down

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evelyn

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Astronaut Chris Hadfield Plays Jamie Hyneman and Adam Savage's Space Game on the ISS

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the pieces would be weighted

it would be weighted by Velcro

everyone's square would look like their house

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10 Scary Yet Beautiful Facts About Space & Us

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stuff 2 do in space much wow

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Weightless - playing games in the Space Station

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Astronauts Play Zero Gravity Game in Space to Celebrate World Cup

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I learned that the happy suit uses sensors to tell what the astronauts are feeling

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I learned; that astronauts, can have fun by; playing with there food, and "flying," in zero gravity.

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Through Play Kids Learn Valuable Life Skills l The Genius of Play

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in no gratty you can fly so you can t pose on the celling

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that there is sound in space

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Signs of stress in space include: they change the way they speak or act. They realize that they change their emotions from happy to sad.

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They play Velcro chess. They play leap frog. They play basketball,

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the suit detece wene there mods chanched

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i learned that Florida researchers are making a happy suit .the happy suit will keep them happy and calm.

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Things Astronauts love about doing in space

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Things Astronauts love about doing in space

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Coolest things about being an astronaut

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Many children grow up dreaming about becoming an astronaut and being able to fly through space in a space shuttle. They want to see the planets, the stars, and the Earth from a new vantage point and explore the vast unknown. However, the road to becoming an astronaut is not an easy one.

Astronauts undergo intense physical and mental training in order to be cleared for travel in space. These space explorers are expected to keep their cool even in tense situations. A single wrong step taken by an astronaut, no matter how innocuous it may seem, can jeopardize the mission and their teammates' lives. This means that an intense selection process must occur in order to find those who are best suited for travel in space.

Clearly, not everyone is cut out for the task. Those who get through the grueling selection procedure have a new world of challenges and opportunities waiting for them. An astronaut lives to face new challenges every day, whether in space or on their home planet. Astronauts see, experience, and do things that common people can only read about. In this post, we take a look at some of those incredible things that astronauts get to accomplish.

Watching the Earth from space

While we can only admire photographs and read about what our home planet looks like from space, astronauts get the opportunity to actually view the blue planet from space with their own eyes as their space shuttle escapes Earth's gravity. The truly amazing view can sweep anyone off their feet, and is one of the reasons that some people want to become astronauts. The view is forever etched in an astronaut's memory. For many astronauts, watching Earth from the space is a humbling experience and reminds them of how insignificant we are.

Using cool machines

While astronomical equipment such as Astrolabe, Orrery, and the Nebra sky disc may seem like instruments from the future to a common person, an astronaut uses them on a regular basis. Astronauts use a number of advanced telescopes, whose complex design and functioning can convince common people into believing that the device is some sort of alien technology.

Take off and landing

An astronaut lives to experience the magical moment of leaving and re-entering the earth's atmosphere. Take off is the moment of truth for astronauts. At that precise moment, they may come to realize their role in the universe's grand scheme of things. For many astronauts, touch down evokes mixed emotions. On one hand, they feel thrilled to be back home after a successful space mission. On the other hand, the realization that they may never be able to wander in space again may create a void inside them.

Working with great people

A space center employs some of the most brilliant minds on the planet. An astronaut gets the opportunity to interact with these talents on a regular basis. Even when an astronaut is floating in space, they get the chance to communicate and work with some of the most brilliant people on Earth (and in space), which is nothing less than a huge advantage.

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The coolest things about being an astronaut | Geeky Camel

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Many children grow up dreaming about becoming an astronaut and being able to fly through space in a space shuttle. They want to see the planets, the stars, and the Earth from a new vantage point and explore the vast unknown. However, the road to becoming an astronaut is not an easy one.

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Astronauts having fun in space

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CRAZIEST Recent Discoveries Made In Space!

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15 Objects In Space That We Can't Explain

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if they don't stay mentally happy and work as a team.Then they could start to fight. then they don't want to be a team. then they get lost and sometimes die.

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On the money, they can have pictures of the astronauts family. They could have pictures of their family and places from home on the board.

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in a different solar system, if you stand on one of the planets you'll be able to see 2 other planets. that's really close together

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We can use weights and Velcro for our game

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so every astronaut has a set of cards to remember there family.

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Top 10 Strangest Things Found in Outer Space

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25 Space Facts That Will Both TERRIFY And AMAZE You

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The 10 Strangest Planets in Space That Defy All Logic

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Most Remarkable Things In The Universe Full Documentary

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Monopoly is one of the most popular board games of all-time. And that popularity has translated into countless different versions, editions and variations of the game.

Below we look at 21 unique versions you can buy online.

Everything from an 80th anniversary edition of the Classic Original to Empire to Junior to the Ultimate Banking Edition and so many more.

If you like Monopoly, then there's bound to be a version you haven't played below:

1. Ultimate Banking Edition

Description: Introducing a modern banking version of the Monopoly game: the Ultimate Banking Edition. In this edition, Monopoly money is no more!

The Monopoly Ultimate Banking game features an all-in-one Ultimate Banking unit with touch technology that makes the game fast and fun. Now players can instantly buy properties, set rent, and tap their way to fortune.

Each player gets a bankcard and the Ultimate Banking unit keeps track of everyone's fortunes. It also scans the game's property cards and can boost or crash the market.

Traditional Monopoly play gets amped up with this edition - the game introduces Event cards and Location spaces instead of Chance cards and Community Chest cards. Land on an Event Space, and rents may be raised or lowered, a player may earn or lose money, or someone could get sent to Jail.

Location Spaces allow players to pay and move to any property space on the gameboard. Challenge friends and family to win it all with the Monopoly Ultimate Banking game!

List Price: $24.99

2. Empire

Description: In the Monopoly Empire game, players can own the world's top brands. After choosing one of the uniquely branded tokens, players move around the board, and start building their empires.

The game is a race to the top as players buy their favorite brands one by one and fill their towers. Players can own famous brands, including Nerf, Transformers, Levi's, and more.

Opponents collect rent from their rivals; the higher their tower, the more they can charge! For two to four players, the first player to fill their tower with billboards wins!

List Price: $14.24

3. Junior

Description: The first Monopoly game for kids, where they can earn money the fun way! The Monopoly Junior game is just like the classic Monopoly game, but it's accessible and exciting for younger players.

It's fast, simple, and full of surprises. Kids choose their favorite Junior token and learn how to pass Go, buy properties, and collect rent. Single banknotes keep the transactions fast and easy.

List Price: $12.99

4. 80th Anniversary Edition

Description: Buy, buy, buy at every location, location, location and celebrate the 80th anniversary of the classic game of monopoly!

This anniversary version of the classic fast-trading property game features tokens from the 1930s all the way to the 2000s! with a retro game board and cards, the game takes you back to when it all began, but you still have to build your houses and hotels and see if you can bankrupt everyone else.

You better keep an eye on your money, because you never know when the dice will land you with a massive rent bill to pay. Sometimes staying in jail can be the safest place to be, but only after your properties are primed to make you money.

You've got to buy, sell and negotiate to win at this 80th anniversary version of monopoly!

List Price: $21.99

5. Mega Edition

Description: Everyone loves the timeless game-play of Monopoly. Now, with Monopoly: The Mega Edition, you'll be able to own more properties, build more buildings, handle more cash, and amazingly play faster than ever before!

Features a larger board, train depots, skyscrapers, nine new properties including seven new states and play money with $1,000 bills.

This exciting updated edition of the classic board game can be played in just an hour and a half thanks to its speed die and bus cards that make the action faster and more intense.

List Price: $39.99

6. Pokemon

Description: In this special Pokémon: Kanto Edition of Monopoly you'll travel through all eight gyms and battle Gym Leader Pokémon. Trainer Battle and Professor Oak cards might reward you for Pokémon encounters, or bring an unexpected surprise.

Buy, sell and trade with other Pokémon Trainers to get a powerful Pokémon team and win the game!

6 Metal Tokens - Pikachu, Bulbasaur, Charmander, Squirtle, Eevee, Jigglypuff

Sculpted Poke Marts and Pokemon centers replace the traditonal houses and hotels

List Price: $21.88+

7. Star Wars

Description: Conquer the Star Wars galaxy in this intergalactic, hyperdrive version of the fast-trading property game, Monopoly!

You can play on the Rebel or the Empire side, and your mission is to conquer planets and build bases so you can dominate the universe!

When players land on your planets, they owe you rent - but the same is true when you land on theirs!

Powerful Force cards will alter your destiny, but there can be only one winner. When every planet is owned, the game is over - and if the Force is with you, you'll be the ultimate winner!

List Price: $18.73

8. Game of Thrones

Description: Featuring custom Game of Thrones packaging, stunning game design, and large, hand-sculpted custom tokens, the MONOPOLY: Game of Thrones Collector's Edition Game will transport fans into a world of intrigue, valor, and betrayal.

After all, when you play the MONOPOLY: Game of Thrones Collector's Edition Game you win, or you go bankrupt!

MONOPOLY: Game of Thrones Collector's Edition Game includes:

Custom Game Board Featuring Westeros awaits your rule.

6 oversized, hand sculpted tokens elegantly cast in zinc. Includes: Crown, Direwolf, Dragon Egg, The Iron Throne, Three-Eyed Raven and White Walker - Game of Thrones MONOPOLY money features the symbols of Westeros and Essos.

The traditional MONOPOLY "Chance" and "Community Chest" cards are transformed into "Valar Morghulis" and "The Iron Throne" cards and include directives both fair and foul.

Traditional Houses and Hotels are transformed into Custom Villages and Keeps.

Fans will enjoy opening the elegant black linen paper wrapped box with silver foil-stamped house sigils including Lannister, Stark, Targaryen, and Baratheon.

Game of Thrones art covers the inside of the box and a custom tray holds each game piece and an elegant, rolled scroll secured with a ribbon contains the rules.

List Price: $59.99

See other Game of Thrones Board Games here.

9. Star Trek

Description: This Monopoly game goes where no board game has gone before. Based on Star Trek: The Next Generation, it features squares with pictures of the Borg and Data instead of Park Place or Boardwalk.

Only the four corner squares-Go, Free Parking, Go To Jail, and the Jail-remain from traditional Monopoly, though most game rules are essentially the same.

For Trekkers and sci-fi enthusiasts, this is warp-drive Monopoly. Instead of buying properties, players make alliances with alien species. They move around the board as members of the Enterprise crew and pay their way with Gold Pressed Latinum bars-the 24th-century's idea of money.

Both fans of Star Trek: The Next Generation and Monopoly-loving folk will enjoy this new twist on an old game. A full-color alien species guide is included.

List Price: $73.96

10. Lord of the Rings Trilogy Edition

Description: Make the journey with the Fellowship and claim the territories of Middle-earth in this special edition of the classic MONOPOLY Game.

Gather power as you move in and out of these territories, building strongholds and fortresses to secure your holdings. You may even acquire relics such as the staffs of the wizards.

Become the most powerful player throughout middle-earth to be the winner.

Includes 6 collectible The Lord of the Rings tokens.

List Price: N/A

11. U-Build

Description: The classic buying, selling, building games is completely under your control!

Choose how long you want to play and then build the track to match.

For shorter games, set up the Starter track and for longer-lasting fun, choose the classic track. Or get creative!

Change the order of your tiles and the shape of your track to create a totally unique freestyle game adventure.

The awesome, high-stakes real estate action fun is the same, but the tracks you play it on can always be different.

List Price: $20.40

12. City Edition

Description: Monopoly City is exactly like classic Monopoly in lay out, rules, and gameplay-roll the dice, move your character around the board, and try not to spend too much time in jail or go bankrupt! However Monopoly City has also made several neat changes, with newly named properties, new monetary values, futuristic buildings, and new playing cards.

Whereas with the original version of Monopoly Park Place was one of the most prestigious properties to own-with Monopoly City you will be striving to acquire a permit for the fancy Fortune Valley.

The buildings are modern and 3-D, and the currency has much higher values, ranging up to five million dollars-no small change here!

Instead of property deeds, you acquire permits for the zones you'd like to build in, and this latest version also includes an electronic trading unit, making it possible to hold "public" or "private" auctions for your properties and districts.

List Price: $47.89

13. Here & Now Game: US Edition

Description: In this fast-paced version of the Monopoly game, players race around the board visiting cities and collecting passport stamps. The first player to fill their passport wins!

The gameboard features favorite cities like Seattle, New York, and Denver. The game also includes 4 iconic tokens: the Statue of Liberty, a baseball glove, a trolley, and a cowboy hat.

Every time someone adds another stamp to their passport, they get closer to winning! Monopoly Here and Now game: a game can be played in approximately 30 minutes.

List Price: $11.75

14. Here and Now World Edition

Description: Own the world's favorite cities in this Here & Now version of the fast-trading property game, Monopoly! The jet-set gameplay will be epic as you race around the world to visit the world's most exciting places and buy locations.

Every time you add another stamp to your passport, you get closer to the globetrotting win!

List Price: NA

15. Electronic Banking

Description: Wheel and deal your way to a fortune even faster using debit cards instead of cash!

With Monopoly Electronic Banking, all it takes is a card swipe for millions to change hands.

Now you can collect rent, buy properties and pay fines the fast and easy way!

It's a new way to play a family classic that's been brought up-to-date with exclusive tokens, 4 cool bank cards, and higher property values!

List Price: $72.95

16. Nintendo

Description: No controllers are necessary as you join forces with Mario, Luigi, Link, Zelda, Kirby and your other favorite characters on a quest to defeat your opponents and own it all.

Collectors game features iconic characters from Nintendo 7's most popular video game properties. 6 collectable Nintendo themed tokens.

List Price: $39.97

17. National Parks Edition

Description: The game you remember from childhood now offers a new adventure for the outdoor enthusiast. Featuring 60 National Parks, as well as various animals, this Monopoly version sticks with the traditional rules to take you on a cross-country trip through some of the United States' most scenic locations.

List Price: $39.99

18. Jurassic World Edition

Description: Jurassic World Monopoly delivers more dinosaurs, more attractions and lots of buying and selling as you attempt to rule Jurassic World.

Collectible tokens, Jurassic World money, and a custom Jurassic World dinosaur inspired game board provide an exciting twist to classic MONOPOLY. Perfect for the Jurassic World fan or anyone who loves dinosaurs.

List Price: $31.99

19. Disney Theme Park Edition

Description: Disney Theme Park Edition III Monopoly Game lets you relive the excitement of all your favorite attractions at Disney Theme Parks - from The Haunted Mansion attraction to the Disney Monorail - with this very special edition of the classic Monopoly board game.

Magic Mirror and Sorcerers Hat cards might make your dreams come true, or they might bring an unexpected trip to jail. Use your Wishes wisely to collect the deeds to Disney Theme Park attractions; increase their value by adding Mickey's Toontown houses and Disney castles on your way to victory.

Contents include 1 gameboard with pop-up castle, 8 collectible Disney game pieces, 28 attraction deed cards, 32 Mickey's Toontown houses, 12 Disney castles, 32 game cards, 7 denominations of Wishes Disney-themed play money, and game dice.

List Price: $49.95

20. The Simpsons Edition

Description: The Monorail has come to the quirky town of Springfield, and now it is a race to own it all. Buy and sell your favorite landmarks in the town of Springfield such as Moe's, Barney's Bowl-a-Rama, the Kwik-E-Mart, and the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant.

This completely customized game comes with six collectible pewter tokens: Bart, Homer, Kang, Blinky, Santa's Little Helper, and Jebediah Springfield. The perfect gift for die-hard Simpsons fans.

List Price: $70.00

21. Monopoly Millionaire

Description: It's a brand new way to play the classic property trading game! Be the first to make a million dollars and win Monopoly Millionaire.

Fortune, Chance and Millionaire Lifestyle cards change your fortunes, while you collect your salary, buy sets of properties, and build houses and hotels to charge higher rent, just like in the classic game.

List Price: $25.39

Bonus: Anti-Monopoly

Description: Anti-Monopoly Board Game, by University Games, is The Real Estate Trading Game for the 21st Century. This game is an update of the "monopoly" folk game invented 100 years ago by Elizabeth Magie.

Free-market competitors clash with ruthless monopolist.

Competitors charge fair rent, create supply and demand and can end a price war. Monopolists are greedy, charge high rents, restrict supply, but can go to prison for price fixing.

The players follow different rules, depending on their status, in their quest for big money and real estate.

List Price: $24.99

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21 Unique Monopoly Board Game Versions You Can Buy Online

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Monopoly is one of the most popular board games of all-time. And that popularity has translated into countless different versions, editions and variations of the game. Below we look at 21 unique versions you can buy online. Everything from an 80th anniversary edition of the to Empire to Junior...

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it tat me its its inportnt to play

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How playing sports benefits your body ... and your brain - Leah Lagos and Jaspal Ricky Singh

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What Happens To Your Body When You Start Exercising Regularly | The Human Body

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normally astronauts get bored by depression then there bored for about four hundred days. Russian astronauts put in their ship was stuff that could keep them occupied for four hundred days

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What makes muscles grow? - Jeffrey Siegel

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I learned that astronauts need to plan a lot to be better as a team, so they can do their job.

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How the food you eat affects your brain - Mia Nacamulli

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CECE Early Childhood Videos at Eastern CT State U.