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ICT 309-509 Computer Supported Cooperative Work

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The term computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) was first coined by Irene Greif and Paul M. Cashman in 1984, at a workshop attended by individuals interested in using technology to support people in their work.[At about this same time, in 1987 Dr. Charles Findley presented the concept of Collaborative Learning-Work.

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Below diverse CSCW activities are presented.

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In order to have interaction in a learning environment, the instructional designer has to build interaction into the environment during the design phase. Student contribution to collaborative learning is defined as interaction and collaboration between group members in solving a problem or completing a task. There are many factors influencing the discussion process in CSCL environments (S.-L. Wang and Hwang, 2012). These are defined as the absence of non-verbal signs, the information load, the lack of simultaneity, access, multi-faceted discussions leading the class, cognitive maturity, technology, time constraints, course features, character traits of individuals, the process of collaborative learning, and the satisfaction drawn from collaborative learning (Dewiyanti et al., 2007; Öztürk, 2009).

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1. Rich, interactive learning environment.
2. Student centered approach.
3. Enhanced social interaction.
4. Facilitate in-depth learning not just memorization.

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lecture 1 computer-supported co-operative work (cs4458) gabriela avram.

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Lecture 1 Computer-supported Co-operative Work (CS4458) Gabriela Avram. - ppt download

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The Emergence of CSCW  Irene Greif and Paul Cashman coined the acronym CSCW for an invited workshop focused on understanding and supporting collaboration.  - a major topic - in 1984 it was poorly designed, not interoperable across different platforms, and used primarily by researchers.

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This diagram illustrates the different types of Collaborative efforts.

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This video is a Udacity clip on Educational Technology; specifically CSCW.

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http://gerrystahl.net/cscl/CSCL_English.pdf

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Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is a research topic on supporting collaborative learning with the help of computers. It is related to Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). CSCL cuts across research in psychology, computer science, and education.

http://www.innovativelearning.com/teaching/cscl.html

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CSCL is a major method for bringing the benefits of collaborative learning and cooperative learning to users of distance learning via networked computers, such as the courses offered via the Internet. The purpose of CSCL is to scaffold or support students in learning together effectively. CSCL supports the communication of ideas and information among learners, collaborative accessing of information and documents, and instructor and peer feedback on learning activities. CSCL also supports and facilitates group processes and group dynamics in ways that are not achievable by face-to-face communication (such as having learners label aspects of their communication).

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By definition, a CSCL artifact conveys some pedagogical intent, which requires that learners use it more or less as anticipated by its designers. An inherent tension exists between learners who elaborate their own instruments, on the one side, and designers/ teachers who wish to impose their pedagogical visions, on the other side.

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When discussing CSCL and Educational technology in general, it is important to keep in mind the extreme disparity between different populations around the world when it comes to access to and capacity to receive benefits from computers and internet technologies resulting from various socio-economic and political factors. This disparity is referred to as the digital divide.

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Collaborative learning and the zone of proximal development

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Collaborative learning and the zone of proximal development

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Collaborative learning can be understood as a kind of learning theory or as an instructional design model as it also is the case of constructivism.

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- Focuses on what is being communicated
- Used mainly in an educational setting
- Purpose is to support students in learning together

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- Focuses on communication techniques
- Used mainly in a business setting
- Purpose is to facilitate group communication and productivity

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Stahl (2002) defines four themes important for thinking about CSCL

1. Collaborative knowledge building

2. Group and personal perspectives

3. Mediation by artifacts

4. Interaction analysis

Stahl, G. (2002) Foundations for a CSCL Community, CSCL 2002 Proceedings, Boulder, Colorado, USA, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Hillsdale, New Jersey, USA

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"Put briefly, CSCL is focused on how collaborative learning supported by technology can enhance peer interaction and work in groups, and how collaboration and technology facilitate sharing and distributing of knowledge and expertise among community members." (Lipponen, 2002)

Lipponen, L. (2002), Exploring foundations for computer-supported collaborative learning, CSCL 2002

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Computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) consists of software tools and technology that supports a group of individuals working on projects at different sites. It is based on the principle of group coordination and collaborative activities supported through computer systems.

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/11264/computer-supported-cooperative-work-cscw