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Esta no es una parte importante de esta sección, pero pensé que sería una manera divertida de terminar el padlet. Este es un desafío idiomático en el que un hablante nativo de inglés y un hablante nativo de español tratan de entender los idiomas en el otro idioma. Es interesante ver a las personas que intentan comprender lo idiomático en su idioma porque se da cuenta de cómo son realmente los idiomas ilógicos.

Pregunta: ¿Qué rango es el español en los idiomas más hablados en las redes sociales?
A) Primero
B) Segundo
C) Tercero
D) Otro

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IDIOMS CHALLENGE - American English vs Spanish | Language Challenge

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Más sobre el impacto online del español. Desde 2017, la música latina ha tenido una gran influencia en las listas de música con canciones como "despactio" y "mi gente". El efecto de la globalización de Internet ha ayudado aún más a su éxito. En el pasado, habría sido más difícil para la música llegue a nuevas características demográficas, pero con Internet, personas de todo el mundo pueden disfrutar de la música latina.

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It was a cultural moment in a year of swift changes.

Much like the #MeToo movement brought attention to the sexual harassment of women, "Despacito" and later "Mi Gente" brought into clear view Latino artists' rising influence in the American and music scene.

With staggering numbers, both the Spanglish " Despacito" by Puerto Rican artists Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee, and " Mi Gente " by Colombian-born J Balvin and French artist Willy Williams in full-on español, hit #1 on Spotify's most streamed songs worldwide.

With 4.5 billion (and growing) YouTube views, "Despacito" became the "most viewed of all-time" video while "Mi Gente" followed with 1.4+ billion views landing at #3 for top music videos of 2017.

It also happens that six of the top ten YouTube music videos of 2017 feature Latino artists.

Welcome to the new Latin music explosion.

To put this sonic tsunami in perspective, this year marks only the third time that Spanish-language songs have hit #1 on Billboard's Top 100 Chart in American history, after 1987's "La Bamba" by Los Lobos and "La Macarena" by Los Del Rio in 1996.

While there have been other instances of Latin cross-over successes going back to the Ricky Martin era and Gloria Estefan before that, the 2017 successes are unprecedented.

Latino songs have also inspired the beginning of unlikely - and highly successful - cross-cultural collaborations. Remixes featured none other than pop artists Justin Bieber on "Despacito" and Beyoncé on "Mi Gente."

"We never in our wildest dreams saw this coming," said Fonsi about "Despacito". "We knew we had a big song in the Latin market... I didn't know it was going to be #1 in Russia... [and] huge in Asian countries!"

There are several factors that put this cultural music moment in context.
The Internet's globalizing effect
There are cracks in the mold that have dictated artists record only one style and one language. We can thank globalization for that.

Thirty years ago, the group Los Lobos defied the odds by following-up their #1 pop-rock hit "La Bamba" with a Mexican folkloric album that won them a GRAMMY, and they're still going strong.

But for most Latino artists, it's a tough road to make it to the top of the U.S. charts. Founding band member Louie Perez credits the Internet. "It's giving artists complete freedom to do whatever they want. Groups can be a huge success just by the way they can market themselves rather than depend on a record company."

Perez said that while Europe has a "huge variety of music that cross-talks all the time, American taste is very myopic. Record companies nurtured that for so long to monetize music. It became compartmentalized [with] everything you can imagine to support separate categories of music. You could listen to heavy metal, and only heavy metal for the rest of your life because there's an infrastructure for it: radio stations devoted to it and record companies that sell it."

But "unification" is underway, according to Colombian superstar Juanes, who recorded an English-language song for the first time on the album he released this year.

"All this technology is [bringing] people closer. I think Anglo people are starting to listen to Latin music in a different way and that's fantastic," said Juanes. "And Reggaeton and urban music are connecting the whole world so that makes me feel proud of who we are."
Gracias, streaming
Streaming is the game-changer that shifted power to artists. For the U.S., the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) mid-year revenues report credits streaming for 82 percent of Latin music revenues, with paid subscriptions growing 74 percent, growing the fastest of major revenue sources.

And it's not just in the U.S. "For the first time in Latin America, they're actually making a ton of money selling music through streaming," noted Lionfish Entertainment's Rebeca León, who manages both J Balvin and Juanes.

"There was so much piracy before - like 80-90 percent piracy in those countries, you couldn't sell units. And now all of a sudden the whole region becomes so important to labels and composers. It feels like Medellín, [Colombia] is the epicenter of the Latin movement right now, [shifting from] Mexico City which has been the stepping stone to mainstream success," said León.

"Colombia has had a big impact in [producing] urban music because their form of expression is more universal rather than vulgar; what I call 'neo-reggaeton', a beauitul fusion and true evolution of the genre that appeals to everybody," León said.

"It's great that we have this power now," says Balvin, who independently emerged onto the scene in Colombia through YouTube and streaming. "It creates a newfound base for artists."

Not to mention the power that it gives to consumers.
The power of young Latinos
"Latin explosion? There's no question it's happening," says León. "There's a hyper-consumption of reggaeton by Latin Americans -Latins are streamers, YouTubers, Spotifyers. These kids today are the lean-back generation that never had to buy music a day in their life. And José (J Balvin) is the epitome of the millennials. Everyone's looking at Spotify now as a reference for relevancy."

Nearly six-in-ten U.S. Latinos are millennials or younger. With a median age of 28, along with the mainstream's median age of 37, that is significant for music consumption in this digital age.

Add to that the secret sauce - the popularity of the reggaeton beat.

"Reggaeton is so universally danceable, it really has helped this music travel", said Leila Cobo, executive director of Latin Content/Programming at Billboard. "If we were talking about ballads, the results would not be the same."

What does this Latin music explosion mean for the future? For one, it's expanding through artists and nationalities.

"In the next several years, we will see a lot more cross-pollination and multicultural collaborations," said Cobo. "There are collabs already out or in the works, Flo-Rida with (Colombian singer) Maluma; Fonsi with Demi Lovato [and] my favorite: Post Malone with Nicky Jam and Ozuna," (a Puerto Rican reggeaton and trap singer).

What's new today, said Cobo, is that many big mainstream names want to collaborate with Latin musicians.

Her suggested pairing? "I'd love to put Ed Sheeran together with Nicky Jam because they're both amazing songwriters and original voices, but coming from very different places. And Taylor Swift with a Romeo Santos or an Ozuna!"

Rebeca León sees opportunity and challenge ahead.

"Spotify's not fully global yet. Once they get all the territories online, like in Asia and the Middle East, we may see some equalizing effect. But in the meantime, it's a good time for Latin music. We just have to continue having really exciting songs that merit the attention, because you don't get there without a great song," said León.

"Our talent and industry should really push ourselves to grow and do better because everybody's watching," she added. "Everybody's watching."
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The 'Despacito' effect: The year Latino music broke the charts

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It was a cultural moment in a year of swift changes. Much like the #MeToo movement brought attention to the sexual harassment of women, "Despacito" and later "Mi Gente" brought into clear view Latino artists' rising influence in the American and music scene.

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El español es uno de los idiomas más hablados en el planeta y también en línea. Este sitio web afirma, según el Instituto Cervantes, que el español es el segundo idioma más hablado en las redes sociales y tiene una gran influencia en las redes sociales como Facebook y Twitter. El artículo explica que el jefe del Insituto Cervantes y miembro de la RAE cree que las redes sociales e Internet tienen un impacto negativo en la calidad general del lenguaje actual. Creo que las redes sociales no tienen un impacto negativo en la calidad, sino que solo reflejan el uso moderno del idioma.

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A user of WhatsApp gets a message ready. JULIÁN ROJAS

Almost 470 million people speak Spanish as their native language around the world, while another 21 million study it as a second language. What's more it's the third-most-widely spoken language on the internet and the second on social networks such as Facebook and Twitter, according to the latest report by the Instituto Cervantes. But the state-funded body responsible for teaching Spanish around the world also warns of what it calls the poor state of spoken and written Spanish.

"I have said this many times and I repeat my words: the state of Spanish is shabby," says Victor García de la Concha, the head of the Instituto Cervantes and a member of Spain's Royal Academy of Spanish (RAE), expressing the concerns of academics and teachers. "The reasons are to do with people not reading enough, or reading poor-quality material, along with not having been taught the language properly," García de la Concha explains.

During his time as head of the RAE, García de la Concha was responsible for creating what he called pan-Hispanic global alliances. This was a time of expansion. During the final phase of his tenure, in the last four years, resources have been scarce, but he has made a virtue out of necessity and encouraged stronger ties with Latin America.

His experience has made him optimistic about the figures, but pessimistic toward what he sees as the qualitative decline of the language. Neither does he blame the digital age directly: "The experts warn us that there is no clear relationship between the increasingly present signs and impoverishment, but we still lack perspective on this," says García de la Concha. In his opinion, the answers are largely in the hands of the politicians, as well as the independence of the Instituto Cervantes. "It would be desirable for this institution to have a more independent management model, like that of the Prado Museum or the National Library. We don't want to be subject to political comings and goings."

He speaks from experience. The position he now occupies has been suffering a kind of funneling effect within the framework of a political war between the Culture and Foreign ministries, a war that dates back to the previous Socialist Party-run administration (2004 to 2011), and that continues today under the government of Mariano Rajoy.

Both ministries have launched battles for control of the Instituto Cervantes, and with it power over policy of something as strategic as Spanish, since former Culture Minister César Antonio Molina tried to bring it under his ministry's ambit. Foreign Minister José Manuel García-Margallo and José Maria Lassalle, the secretary of state for culture, have not let up during the last four years.

A growing number of voices are arguing that giving the Cervantes greater autonomy would help resolve the internecine warfare. The current power vacuum has illustrated the problem.

There are other signs of optimism in the figures, as was outlined last week by the authors of the Instituto Cervantes report, David Fernández Vítores of Madrid's Complutense University, and José Montero Reguera, of the University of Vigo. The group of potential users who are native speakers and with more limited use today reaches some 559 million people around the world. In 2030, 7.5 percent of the world population will be Spanish speaking. At present, the figure is 6.7 percent, much higher than Russian speakers (2.2 percent) and just 1.1 percent for French and German.

Spanish has also benefited from being widely spoken in the United States and Great Britain.

Almost eight percent of internet users speak to each other in Spanish, a ratio that reflects the spectacular growth of use of the language over the last two decades.

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Spanish now second-most-spoken language on the social networks

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Almost 470 million people speak Spanish as their native language around the world, while another 21 million study it as a second language. What's more it's the third-most-widely spoken language on the internet and the second on social networks such as Facebook and Twitter, according to the latest report by the Instituto Cervantes.

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Hemos hablado mucho sobre palabras en inglés que fueron adoptadas por hablantes de español, pero no tanto sobre palabras en español adoptadas por hablantes de inglés. Este artículo muestra muchos prestámos léxicos de los que no tenía idea provenían del idioma español. Nombres de estados como "Colorado" (que significa "red colored") y "Florida" (que significa "flowery") así como animales como "caimán" y términos meteorológicos como "tornado". Muchas veces damos por sentado las palabras que hemos tomado de otros idiomas.

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Thanks to the popularity of Mexican cuisine north of the border (around the world, actually), there are plenty of Spanish words that English speakers knowingly adopt in day-to-day use: taco, tortilla and quesadilla are pretty standard imports. But you may be surprised to learn that hundreds more Spanish words are in everyday use. And if you think this is due to the United States' rapidly growing Hispanic population, you'd actually be wrong. Spanish words have been used in English for a very long time.

Before Mexicans came to the United States, Americans came to Mexico. Present-day California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Nevada and Utah, as well as parts of Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma and Wyoming, were all part of Mexico until they were ceded to the United States at the end of the Mexican-American War in 1848. And although the change in sovereignty meant a massive influx of English speakers, it also meant that thousands of Mexicans living in the region suddenly became Americans. Even earlier, in 1819, Spain ceded their Florida colony (which included parts of Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana) to the United States. As a result of a century of shifting borders, Spanish and English have had numerous opportunities to rub off on each other. Here are just some of the Spanish words that you probably use every day.

Colorado - "red-colored" (referring to the color of the river that is the state's namesake).

Florida - "flowery"

Montana - from montaña ("mountain")

Nevada - "snowy"

New Mexico - Nuevo México

Utah - derived from the name of the indigenous Ute people, via Spanish yuta.

Nothing's more American than a cowboy, right? Well actually, the first people to herd cattle on horseback in North America were the vaqueros who introduced the ancient Spanish equestrian tradition to the Southwest. Their name is derived from vaca, the Spanish word for - you guessed it - cow.

Spanish Words That Are Actually...

But English isn't the only language with a penchant for absorbing words from other languages. Many words that English has acquired from Spanish originally came from other languages, mostly those of native American populations that were subjugated by the Spanish colonial empire.

Nahuatl
(Mexico)
Arawak Languages
(Caribbean and North Coast of South America)
Quechua
(Andean South America)
Carib
(northernmost South America)
Mayan
(Central America)
Chibcha
(Central America)
Ohlone
(Northern California)
Arabic

albatross - from Arabic غطاس al-ġaţţās ("the diver"), possibly also the source of alcatraz ("pelican")

adobe - from Arabic الطّوب al-tub ("the brick", "mud brick")

Basque

Catalan

Celtic

bonanza - "prosperity"

cafeteria - from cafetería ("coffee store")

incommunicado - estar incomunicado ("to be isolated")

jade - from piedra de ijada ("stone of flank")

nada - "nothing"

palmetto - from palmito ("little palm")

platinum - from platino ("little silver")

pronto - "soon", "prompt"; "hurry up!" in Mexican Spanish

suave - "smooth"; sometimes "cool" in Latin America

vamoose - from vamos ("let's go")

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143 English Words That Are Actually Spanish

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Thanks to the popularity of Mexican cuisine north of the border (around the world, actually), there are plenty of Spanish words that English speakers knowingly adopt in day-to-day use: taco, tortilla and quesadilla are pretty standard imports. But you may be surprised to learn that hundreds more Spanish words are in everyday use.

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P7) El lenguaje de señas no es universal

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P7) El lenguaje de señas no es universal

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Este video profundiza sobre los conceptos erróneos del lenguaje de señas, principalmente que no existe un lenguaje de señas universal. Las mujeres en el video indican que hay más de 300 lenguajes de señas diferentes. Si bien los países pueden compartir el mismo idioma hablado, su idioma de signo podría ser completamente diferente. Por ejemplo, el lenguaje de señas americano es diferente del lenguaje de señas británico. Me di cuenta de que tenían señales en el cartel porque lo hacía más auténtico.`

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P7) Propagación de la religión a través del comercio

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P7) Propagación de la religión a través del comercio

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Como se analiza en el libro, la propagación de un idioma puede verse muy afectada por el comercio. Este sitio web se centra en palabras específicas que viajaron a través del comercio. Por ejemplo, el "tomate" vino del centro de México conocido formalmente como "tomatil", el cacao es similar y proviene de América del Sur. Si bien solo se trata de palabras simples, se puede ampliar al alcance de idiomas completos.

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Si bien hemos aprendido sobre isoglosos en clase, todavía estoy un poco confundido sobre el tema y quería aprender más. Este sitio web explica en detalle qué es un isogloss en lingüística. Lo describe como una línea geográfica límite para características lingüísticas específicas. Además, establece las cinco etapas de dibujar un isogloss que incluye seleccionar la característica lingüística para enfocar, especificar divisiones binarias y dibujar y medir el isogloss y su consistencia.

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An isogloss is a geographical boundary line marking the area in which a distinctive linguistic feature commonly occurs. Adjective: isoglossal or isoglossic. Also known as heterogloss. From the Greek, "similar" or "equal" + "tongue". Pronounced I-se-glos.

Major divisions between dialects are marked by bundles of isoglosses.

"[S]peakers in southern Pennsylvania say bucket, and those in the north part of the state say pail. [The line of demarcation between the two] is called an isogloss. Dialect areas are determined by large 'bundles' of such isoglosses.
"Several noteworthy projects have been devoted to mapping the features and distribution of dialects across the United States, including Frederic Cassidy's Dictionary of American Regional English [DARE] (begun in the 1960s and [completed in 2013]), and William Labov, Sharon Ash, and Charles Boberg's The Atlas of North American English (ANAE), published in 2005."

Regional Dialects
"English is made up of a number of regional dialects... Linguists can identify the main characteristics of different regions, and the isoglosses establish boundaries which group together non-standard dialect forms with similar distinctive linguistic features. Inevitably, there are some overlaps--although non-standard lexis tends to be located in specific regions, non-standard grammatical features are similar across boundaries."

Drawing an Optimal Isogloss:
"The task of drawing an optimal isogloss has five stages:

Selecting a linguistic feature that will be used to classify and define a regional dialect.

Specifying a binary division of that feature or a combination of binary features.

Drawing an isogloss for that division of the feature, using the procedures described below.

Measuring the consistency and homogeneity of the isogloss by the measures to be described below.

Recycling through steps 1-4 to find the definition of the feature that maximizes consistency or homogeneity."

Focal Areas and Relic Areas
"Isoglosses can also show that a particular set of linguistic features appears to be spreading from one location, a focal area, into neighboring locations. In the 1930s and 1940s Boston and Charleston were the two focal areas for the temporary spread of r-lessness in the eastern United States. Alternatively, a particular area, a relic area, may show characteristics of being unaffected by changes spreading out from one or more neighboring areas. Places like London and Boston are obviously focal areas; places like Martha's Vineyard--it remained r-pronouncing in the 1930s and 1940s even as Boston dropped the pronunciation--in New England and Devon in the extreme southwest of England are relic areas."

Kinds of Linguistic Features
"Further distinctions can be made in terms of the kind of linguistic feature being isolated: an isophone is a line drawn to mark the limits of a phonological feature; an isomorph marks the limits of a morphological feature; an isolex marks the limits of a lexical item; an isoseme marks the limits of a semantic feature (as when lexical items of the same phonological form take on different meanings in different areas)."

The Canadian Shift Isogloss
"A given region may have optimal conditions for a given sound change, which may affect almost all speakers. This is the case with the Canadian Shift, involving a retraction of /e/ and /ae/ . . .; it is especially favored in Canada because the low back merger that triggers the shift takes place well to the back of the vowel space for almost everyone. Homogeneity for the Canadian Shift isogloss, which stops at the Canadian border, is .84 (21 of the 25 speakers within the isogloss). But the same process takes place occasionally throughout other areas of low back merger in the U.S., so that consistency for the Canadian isogloss is only .34. Outside of Canada, the instances of this phenomenon are scattered throughout a much larger population, and leakage is only .10. Homogeneity is the crucial measure for the dynamics of the Canadian vowel system."

Kristin Denham and Anne Lobeck, Linguistics for Everyone: An Introduction. Wadsworth, 2010

Sara Thorne, Mastering Advanced English Language, 2nd ed. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008

William Labov, Sharon Ash, and Charles Boberg, The Atlas of North American English: Phonetics, Phonology, and Sound Change. Mouton de Gruyter, 2005

Ronald Wardhaugh, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 6th ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010

David Crystal, A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 4th ed. Blackwell, 1997

William Labov, Sharon Ash, and Charles Boberg, The Atlas of North American English: Phonetics, Phonology, and Sound Change. Mouton de Gruyter, 2005

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An isogloss is a geographical boundary line marking the area in which a distinctive linguistic feature commonly occurs. Adjective: isoglossal or isoglossic. Also known as heterogloss. From the Greek, "similar" or "equal" + "tongue". Pronounced I-se-glos. Major divisions between dialects are marked by bundles of isoglosses.

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Este video nos brinda explicaciones visuales y auditivas y ejemplos de las diferencias entre los diferentes dialectos regionales del español. Si bien no se profundiza mucho, es una forma entretenida y fácil de aprender la información. Por ejemplo, encontré la parte en la que discuten cómo los dialectos del sur de España y del Caribe cambian el sonido final de "r" a una "l".

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Are There Differences Between Spanish In Latin America And Spain?

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Este video utiliza imágenes coloridas para explicar las relaciones semánticas de una manera muy simple al escribir y dibujar en una pizarra de borrado en seco. Explican sinónimos, antónimos, homónimos y polisemia. Mi ejemplo favorito fue el uso del elefante para explicar antónimos. El elefante era "grande" y el antónimo era un pequeño ratón que era "pequeño". Los dos animales contrastan muy bien.

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P6) Géneros en idiomas de todo el mundo.

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P6) Géneros en idiomas de todo el mundo.

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Mientras que los idiomas románticos usan palabras masculinas y femeninas, otros idiomas alrededor del mundo no lo hacen. Este artículo entra en detalles sobre las asignaciones de género en todos los tipos de idiomas. El árabe y el hebreo usan palabras masculinas y femeninas pero con diferentes finales para las palabras femeninas. También usan asignaciones de género con verbos también en función de con quién están hablando. El alemán utiliza un sistema "neutro" para la clasificación por género y utiliza tres tipos de género. Es interesante para mí cómo los diferentes idiomas definen las palabras basadas en el género de manera tan diferente.

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Este artículo habla sobre algunos apodos inusuales en español. Los apodos del libro como "Paco" y "Pepe" están en la lista, pero hay muchos más. Chava es el apodo de "Salvador", mientras que esperas que sea femenino, Chuy para "Jesús" y Nacho para "Ignacio" entre otros. La mayoría de ellos no tienen una explicación sólida ni una historia de origen verdadero. Sin embargo, algunos tienen una explicación que tiene un poco de sentido. Por ejemplo, Licha es el apodo de "Alicia" y si se dice rápido, Alicia suena similar a Licha.

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Latinos love unusual Spanish nicknames, no doubt about it. Many of us had more than one - and more often than not they had absolutely nothing in common with our given names. We called each other flaca, feo, gordita, moco, guapo and more.

Of course, sometimes we did call our friends and family by their real names - or by the nicknames associated with their given name. These were usually pretty strange, too. It's a well-known fact that the nicknames for Spanish names generally make no freakin' sense.

Below, take a peek at 12 of the strangest Spanish nicknames - and learn what they stand for:
MORE: The 25 Craziest Names In Latino Culture 1. Chava
Chava definitely sounds a little feminine, but it actually stands for Salvador, a male name that means Saviour in Spanish.
2. Chavela
And no, we don't aren't talking about the spicy Mexican beer cocktail. Chavela and Chabela both stand for Isabel.
3. Chuy
Why does Jesus shorten to Chuy? Porque es. Truly, it doesn't make any sense, and no one can say for certain how that nickname came into existence. If you have a theory, please enlighten us in the comments.
4. Kike
Kike stands for Enrique, the Spanish version of Henry. The nickname makes sense when you consider the final syllable of the name: que.
5. Lalo
Despite the doubule "Ls", Lalo comes from a name with absolutely none. It stands for Eduardo, the Spanish version of Edward.
6. Licha
If you say Alicia five times fast, it begins to sound a lot like its nickname, Licha.
7. Lucero
Lucero literally means "bright star," and it works as a standalone name (I mean, who hasn't heard of the Lucero?) However, it can also work as a nickname for Maria de la Luz.
8. Lulú
We know you're probably confused because "Lalo" stands for "Eduardo", but Lulú actually bears more in common with the name its derived from: Lourdes.
9. Memo
You've probably met a Memo at least once in your life, and wondered whether or not that was a real name. It is, and it's a nickname for Guillermo, the Spanish version of William.
10. Nacho
Nacho is a nickname for Ignacio, the Spanish form of Ignatius. Also, a delicious appetizer.
11. Paco
Paco - along with Pancho and Kiko - stands for Francisco. Some believe Paco has its origins with Saint Francis of Assisi, the , or Father of his community, the Franciscan order.
12. Pepe
Believe it or not, Pepe stands for José. There are many theories about how a name that begins with a J earned a nickname with two Ps, and one suggests the Spanish nickname comes from the Italian 'Beppe', a nickname for Giuseppe.
PLUS: 15 Celebrity Babies With Spanish Names

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12 Of The Most Unusual Spanish Nicknames

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Latinos love unusual Spanish nicknames, no doubt about it. Many of us had more than one - and more often than not they had absolutely nothing in common with our given names. We called each other flaca, feo, gordita, moco, guapo and more.

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Si bien este video puede ser una frase divertida en un programa de televisión para niños, representa la idea de nombres españoles largos. En el programa "Suite Life of Zach and Cody", el personaje de Estaban, de ascendencia hispana, dice su nombre, "ESTEBAN JULIO RICARDO MONTOYA DE LA ROSA RAMÍREZ", que es cómicamente largo. Sin embargo, hay una base para la longitud de su nombre porque se sabe que los nombres en español son largos. Son más largos porque, a diferencia de otros idiomas, usan los apellidos de ambos padres en lugar de solo el padre.

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REVINE FOAR ESTEBAN JULIO RICARDO MONTOYA DE LA ROSA RAMÍREZ...

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Esta página habla de la etimología de los dobletes. Los significados provienen de un origen dual del latín. El latín vulgar y formal. Con el tiempo ciertas palabras perdieron significado o desaparecieron completamente. Cuando la palabra reapareció con un nuevo significado, se creó el doblete. El sitio web enumera ejemplos de dobletes.

Por ejemplo: cosa y causa, fuego y foca, soltero y solitario, delgado y delicado

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Este sitio muestra los diferentes usos y formas de haber y ser en todas las lenguas románticas. Mientras que las conjugaciones son diferentes para cada idioma, el significado es el mismo. haber actúa como el verbo de ayuda para "have", mientras que ser es para "be". Cada conjugación para cada idioma se muestra en el sitio y es interesante lo similar que es el sonido.

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The Romance Languages: Verbs with auxiliaries be/have - online comparative grammar of Latin & the modern languages

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Grammar of the Romance Languages: Verbs - comparative handbook of the modern Latinic languages

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Este es un diagrama de árbol interactivo que muestra el camino que cada lengua indoeuropea siguió desde sus raíces. Puede verlo todo desde el 5600 aC y expandirse y contraerse en cualquier nivel para enfocarse en cualquier subgrupo. El español, por ejemplo, está en el subgrupo de idiomas románticos, pero se puede rastrear hasta el indo-iraní. El subgrupo Romántico occidental también incluye italiano, francés, portugués, catalán y galaciano. Siento que el aspecto interactivo ayuda a hacer el camino más conceptual.

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Phylogenetic tree of the Indo-European languages based on glottochronology

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Este video muestra las influencias históricas en el idioma español desde el imperio romano hasta las influencias modernas de los países latinoamericanos. Según el video, el español fue influenciado principalmente por sus raíces latinas, pero también fue afectado por el árabe, los cristianos y las lenguas indígenas. Me pareció interesante que muchas de las influencias vinieran de personas que conquistaron España, como los páramos de habla árabe y las personas que colonizaron. El video enfatiza que la lengua española está influenciada por muchos factores.

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P4) ¿Cómo ha afectado el inglés al español?

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P4) ¿Cómo ha afectado el inglés al español?

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El inglés ha influenciado muchos idiomas y no más que el español. Este sitio web analiza los anglicismos (palabras que se toman del inglés y se usan en otro idioma), los neologismos (palabras que se originaron en el inglés pero tienen un significado diferente) y su influencia general. Por ejemplo, los términos nuevos y especialmente técnicos, como "downloadear", se toman del inglés porque es más fácil de tomar prestado y existe una comprensión universal. Si bien el inglés tiene influencia en el español y en otros idiomas, también está influenciado por ellos. Según el sitio web, más del 80 por ciento de las palabras en inglés se originaron en otros idiomas.

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How important is it today to speak the English language fluently or at least understand it? It may be one of the most important things when you want to apply for a job. In other words, speaking English is no longer considered as something special, it is a requirement. Nowadays the English language has definitely become a global lingua franca. Speaking English makes it possible to communicate with people all over the world and from many different cultures. As a result English has come to have a large influence on a multitude of other languages, especially in Europe where many words have been adopted outright.
by Marcell Haller

Anglisicms: Borrowed Words in the English Language

English borrowed words that are used in other languages are called Anglicisms. An Anglicism is a word, phrase, or idiom characteristic of or peculiar to the English language[i]. Most Anglicisms were adopted in the IT field or other areas where new technology is developed. Due to the rapidness with which technology changes, some countries tend to just adopt the English words for new technology and developments into their native language rather than coining a new native term. The names for some new inventions and developments are often very hard to translate, and therefore it is convenient to simply keep the original English name (e.g. cloud computing).

If we take a look at the Spanish language we can find many words which are borrowed, including: downloadear (to download) and updatear (to update). Many people in Spain tend to say soporte técnico instead of asistencia técnica (the official term) when they are speaking about technical support, and the use of the term global instead of mundial is becoming more and more common. In many languages there is a native word for computer, but most people prefer to use the English word. The invasion of English terminology has even made it into the fashion industry as these headlines quoted from a Spanish fashion magazine show: "El look mas Hippy" and "Homeless Style"[ii]. It is very easy for a monolingual English speaker to understand these phrases.

There are also many Anglicisms which have infiltrated the German language, such as Computer, Scanner, Adapter, Aftershave, Airline, Alien (only in the sense of an extraterrestrial), Baby, Band, Hacker, Jackpot ... the list is endless[iii]. Some of these terms have no German equivalent, like Scanner or Adapter. That's because when these things became available in Germany their English names were simply borrowed into German. But many of these terms have an actual German equivalent which has been around for years. Aftershave is Rasierwasser, Airline is Fluggesellschaft and an Alien is called Außerirdischer. We can see that the Germans have not only borrowed newer terms, they also replaced some of the common German words with English ones. The Germans call these English terms which have entered into their everyday language Neologisms. Some Neologisms, however, have come to have a completely different meaning from that of the source language.

Neologisms: The Invasion of the English Language

It is not easy to explain why the Germans love to use new English terms in place of a German word, especially when they have a different meaning than in English. For example the "German" word for a "projector" is a "beamer" (a native English speaker would probably think this refers to a BMW car), German cell phones are called "handies", and an USB flash-drive is an "USB Stick". English-originated words have become extremely prevalent in Germany. This is understandable for words which do not exist in German. But why do they use English for words which already have a German equivalent?

Maybe it's an attempt to sound younger and smarter, and perhaps there is a belief that using English makes a company sound modern. But there is a point when the coining of English terms becomes absurd. For example, in 2006 when Germany was the host of the FIFA World Cup, a new kind of public entertainment was developed. They built huge screens, like those used at music festivals, on the streets and squares of the bigger cities to broadcast the soccer matches. A very good idea...but was it also a good idea to call this event "public viewing"?

English has invaded German, and other languages, to the point that people have named these blended languages - a mix of German and English is called Denglisch, a mix with French is Franglais, and a mix with Spanish is Spanglish. Denglisch in particular has become so prevalent that one only needs to look at a speech by Hilmar Kopper, former chairman of the Deutsche Bank, to see how far it has infiltrated: "...jeder muss im job permanently seine intangible assets mit high risk neu relaunchen und seine skills so posten, dass die benefits alle ratings sprengen, damit der cash-flow stimmt. Wichtig ist corporate-identity, die mit perfect customizing und eye-catchern jedes Jahr geupdatet wird!"[iv] The only two terms which could be considered actual business terminology are "cash-flow" and "corporate-identity." All the other English terms have a German equivalent.

Influence on the English Language

Although English has had a large influence on many languages, it has also been greatly influenced by other languages. It is estimated that over 80% of the English vocabulary has been borrowed from other languages [v]. Many of these borrowed words have become so common that we don't even notice them as foreign any more. For example, kindergarden, gesundheit, angst, kaput, delicatessen, or schedenfreude[vi] from German, government, royal, confession, couch, carol, or melody[vii] from French, or armada, cafeteria, or coyote[viii] from Spanish

The question is how important it is to preserve your own native language. Languages have never been static and have always been changing. Depending on the century languages were influenced by Latin or French and today we use foreign words without feeling that we are destroying our native language. Instead, these words have simply been adopted into our own language.

In the end it's in our hands which words we use from other languages and which ones we continue to use in our native language.
Sources

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The Influence of the English Language on Other Languages

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How important is it today to speak the English language fluently or at least understand it? It may be one of the most important things when you want to apply for a job. In other words, speaking English is no longer considered as something special, it is a requirement.

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P4) Dos tiempos para el subjuntivo pasado

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P4) Dos tiempos para el subjuntivo pasado

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En mis clases de español en la Universidad de Texas, aprendí la  subjuntivo pasado que terminó en -ra. No me di cuenta de que había una forma completamente diferente para el subjuntivo pasado que es igual de correcta. Este sitio web explica las dos formas y cómo llegaron a ser. Hay una forma -se y una forma -ra. La forma -se se considera más tradicional y la forma -ra es más contemporánea y ampliamente utilizada. La forma -se se utiliza en entornos literarios y noticias.

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Why are there two forms of the imperfect subjunctive, such as hablara and hablase? Do they mean the same thing? The -se form might be considered the "traditional" form of the imperfect (or past) subjunctive, while the -ra comes from an old Latin indicative form. Over time, the two verb forms came to be used identically. Today, with a few regional exceptions, the -ra form has basically replaced the -se form, and so it is the -ra form you should learn.

When used as the imperfect subjunctive, the two forms are interchangeable. The -se form is sometimes known as a literary form because it is used much less, but there is no difference in meaning.

Si fuera fácil yo tocaría el piano. (If it were easy I would play the piano.)

Espero que él estudiara con cuidado. (I hope he studied carefully.)

Le prohibieron que utilizara las redes sociales. (They prohibited her from using social networks.)

There are ​very few cases where the use of the -ra form as an indicative verb form has survived in modern Spanish, although you will seldom hear them. In some parts of Latin America as well as some areas near Portugal, you may hear the -ra form substitute for the pluperfect (e.g., fuera instead of había sido to say "had been"). Also, there are some speakers who use the -ra form of haber as a substitute for the conditional, that is hubiera conocido instead of habría conocido for "would have known"; that usage can also be found occasionally in literature. In these rare cases where the -ra form is used instead of the conditional, the -se form can't be used as a substitute for the conditional. It isn't important to learn these variations, but it can be helpful to remember they exist in case you come across them.

-ar verbs: que yo hablara, que tú hablaras, que usted/él/ella hablara, que nosotros habláramos, que vosotros hablarais, que ustedes/ellos/ellas hablaran.

-er verbs: que yo aprendiera, que tú aprendieras, que usted/él/ella aprendiera, que nosotros aprendiéramos, que aprendierais, que ustedes/ellos/ellas aprendieran.

-ir verbs: que yo viviera, que tú vivieras, que usted/él/ella viviera, que nosotros viviéramos, que vosotros vivierais, que ustedes/ellos/ellas vivieran.

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Why Does Spanish Have 2 Forms of the Imperfect Subjunctive?

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Why are there two forms of the imperfect subjunctive, such as hablara and hablase? Do they mean the same thing? The -se form might be considered the "traditional" form of the imperfect (or past) subjunctive, while the -ra comes from an old Latin indicative form.

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Otro concepto difícil para mí es syntagma y este sitio web tiene ejercicios interactivos para ayudar a comprender mejor el concepto. Un consejo que me ayudó fue comparar el núcleo con el capitán de un equipo. Hay muchas otros ejemplos y respuestas diagramadas para practicar más el sintagma.

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Para afianzar los conocimientos sobre los sintagmas aprendidos en esta lección os proponemos un pequeño test y una serie de sintagmas para analizar. Os recomendamos que si falláis, reviséis las explicaciones porque es muy importante dominar los sintagmas para poder avanzar en el curso.

Cuestionario Tema 1. El sintagma

Test de conocimientos del tema 1º del Curso de Sintaxis: El Sintagma

Sintagmas para analizar

Con lo que habéis aprendido hasta ahora, analizad los siguientes sintagmas. Podéis usar para ello nuestra herramienta EdAS (Editor de Análisis Sintáctico).

1. conformes con tu propuesta (Solución)

2. Vimos muchos museos en Florencia (Solución)

3. Javier, el delantero de este equipo (Solución)

4. muy por encima de sus posibilidades (Solución)

5. su inolvidable e increíble viaje de novios (Solución)

(Visited 15.705 times, 32 visits today)

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Para afianzar los conocimientos sobre los sintagmas aprendidos en esta lección os proponemos un pequeño test y una serie de sintagmas para analizar. Os recomendamos que si falláis, reviséis las explicaciones porque es muy importante dominar los sintagmas para poder avanzar en el curso.

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Puede ser difícil entender las diferencias en los usos de "se" y este video ayuda a aclarar la confusión. La mujer en el video se enfoca en 3 tipos de usos "se", se reflexivo, se recíprico y se sin culpa. Hay un segundo video con más usos de "se" también. El "sin culpa" es el más difícil para mí y este video me ayudó a comprenderlo mejor. Por ejemplo, ella describe la acción como algo que no querías hacer cuando antes pensé que era por algo por lo que el sujeto no hizo nada, pero fue culpado.

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How to use the Spanish word 'SE' / PART 1 (Learn the 6 different uses) [2018]

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Este es un gráfico creado por "commons wikimedia" llamado "El Mexicano", un ingeniero de Hungría. La tabla muestra los diferentes tiempos verbales en español y dónde se encuentran en una línea de tiempo. Es muy útil para cuando necesita encontrar exactamente dónde están los tiempos verbales ​​y cómo se comparan con otros tiempos verbales. Por ejemplo, el pretérito perfecto está ligeramente más cerca del presente que del pluscuamperfecto, mientras que el imperfecto se encuentra en cualquier punto del pasado.

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P3) Palabras masculinas que terminan con "a"

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P3) Palabras masculinas que terminan con "a"

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Una vez más, pregunto sobre el origen de la morfología del español y sus distintas raíces en el griego. Uno de los escritores en "Stack Exchange" explica el origen de las palabras masculinas que terminan en "a". Palabras como el clima, el programa y el sistema fueron adoptados del idioma griego. La mayoría de estos ejemplos únicos son filosóficos, científicos o técnicos. Me gusta aprender sobre los antecedentes históricos de las lenguas, especialmente el español.

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Thanks for contributing an answer to Spanish Language Stack Exchange!

Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.

To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.

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Why are certain words ending in "a" masculine?

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Thanks for contributing an answer to Spanish Language Stack Exchange! Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research! Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.

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Aprender frases y palabras comunes es una forma útil de entender un idioma, en lugar de aprender palabras innecesarias y oscuras. Este sitio web no solo enumera las 1000 palabras más comunes que se usan en español, sino que también tiene audio para cada palabra para ayudar con la pronunciación. La lista contiene muchas preposiciones y pronombres como de y el. La información proviene de "OpenSubtitles.org"  y los clasifica según la frecuencia con la que aparecen en los subtítulos. Después de mirar a través de la lista, ninguna palabra se destacó en lo inusual.  Fueron utilizados principalmente como bloques de construcción de oraciones simples

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This is a list of the 1,000 most commonly spoken Spanish words. The top 100 words have audio pronunciations if available.

More Languages

Note: The words on this list are ranked in order of frequency used in subtitles (from opensubtitles.org). You can download more extensive word lists here. The translations are from Google Translate (please be aware that the translations can be rough as they do not consider context!) and the audio is provided by these users of forvo.

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1,000 Most Common Spanish Words (with AUDIO)

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This is a list of the 1,000 most commonly spoken Spanish words. The top 100 words have audio pronunciations if available. Note: The words on this list are ranked in order of frequency used in subtitles (from opensubtitles.org). You can download more extensive word lists here.

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"Jerigonza" es un juego de palabras que se juega en países de habla hispana. Es similar a "pig latin" porque usa reglas simples que se usan para cambiar el sonido y la ortografía de las palabras de una manera única. En este video Carlos Balanta, un artista colombiano habla expresa y enfatiza la letra p después de cada vocal en las palabras que es una de las reglas de Jerigonza. La forma en que fluye este juego de palabras es interesante y sería divertida aprender.

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Jeringonza with Carlos Balanta "Baterimba"

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Por suerte puedo rodar mis r, pero siempre me ha interesado ver cómo aprenden los demás a hacer sus r "s si no pueden hacerlo de forma natural. Es una habilidad importante aprender a pronunciar correctamente el idioma español, especialmente si quiere sonar como un hablante nativo. Según el sitio web "Fluido en 3 meses", hay seis formas fáciles de aprender. Las ideas varían desde afilar la pronunciación de otras letras hasta observar a otros que pueden hacerlo. Mi favorito fue a sonar la palabra inglesa "Mantequilla". Si lo dice rápidamente, el sonido "tt" es similar a una r rodada y, a su vez, hace que su cerebro se sienta más cómodo al producir el sonido "r".

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Fluent in 3 months - Language Hacking and Travel Tips

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by Benny Lewis

The rolled r comes up in so many languages. I've heard it in various forms in Czech, Thai, Hungarian, Tagalog and of course in Spanish, Italian and Portuguese. And yet it seems to be something that evades native English speakers.

The laziest of them will just give up entirely and use the bullshit excuse of "you can't teach an old dog new tricks". [Despair] You are over 12 years old and your mouth is formed like concrete on being limited to certain sounds for life - all hope is lost! [/Despair]

Others will just rely entirely on the English 'r' as being good enough, which in my opinion is the worst thing you can do.

I have worked hard on my accents at times, but what strikes me immediately when I start any language (even in my first attempt to utter a phrase) is how natives are so amazed at how I've got almost "no English accent"! (Despite clearly being foreign) While there are many factors at play here, I know that the biggest one by far is that I don't sound like a barking dog like some of my anglophone friends do with their Rs.

The English R is really different, so it gives you away immediately when you use it.

So I want to put a stop to this nonsense of English speakers not trying or even saying they can't. The good news is that it is way easier than you think!! Here are 5 tips:

(Note that here I'm talking about the " Alveolar flap", as in the Spanish word "ca ro", not the trilled 'r' as in Roberto, or the French guttural r).

1. Use some 'butter'

American and other English speakers may be surprised to hear that many of them can already produce a rolled 'r' sound!!

When you say the word "butter" quickly, the 'tt' sound is produced by flapping your tongue against the roof of your mouth, rather than a normal 't' sound (like tree). USE THIS.

It may not be precisely the same as a rolled 'r' (depending on the language and dialect you are aiming for), but it is mountains more convincing than the English 'r' at the end of the same word is.

Try changing one letter at a time from 'butter' until you have your target word (e.g. caro) - use this sound and you're work is pretty much done!

2. Make your l sharper

If you want to sound less like an English speaker, the closest (apart from that above, and perhaps d - see below) sound that you might have to the rolled 'r' is actually the letter L. I'd recommend you start with this sound and morph it into a rolled r. If you presume it is some alteration of the English r, you'll have a hell of a lot of work ahead of you.

In fact, the l sound involves placing the top part of your tongue flat against the roof of your mouth, and the rolled r sound involves flapping just the tip there. The sound difference is obvious, but the transition is easier if you start from one and move to the other, making your l sharper.

Until then, actually using 'l' might be a good way of practising deprogramming yourself from the English r. "Es muy ca l o" is better than the English "Es muy caRo". It's obviously not a good permanent solution, but a useful stepping stone.

3. Let's get physical

Think of what is physically happening for the rolled 'r' as I've tried to explain above. This can be explained in a physiological way if you look into the positions of the tongue in your mouth and visualise where it has to be and what you have to be doing with it.

4. Youtube / Google that R

There are many useful resources online that help explain this sound to you in simple terms.

This wikihow article tries to explain step by step what to physically do with your mouth, and recommends transitioning from a d rather than an l as I've suggested.

The same article also outlines several completely different methods (dR, raspberry etc.) to learn to roll (and trill) your R. Try each of these methods and you are bound to find one that works for you!

You may also find doing a Youtube search for "rolling R" or variants to yield some useful results. Having it explained visually as well as audibly can help a lot.

5. Observe others doing it

Promoters of the silent period insist that it's a great way to not get distracted by your own accent and start on the right foot. Of course I'm very sceptical of this claim, especially since that "start" could be any time from next year to the next ice age.

Please make mistakes NOW and try to say something - you have plenty of time to tidy it up towards something better, and these mistakes will not be burnt into you forever if you are truly willing to learn.

However, by watching videos and listening to natives produce those sounds you will get a better appreciation for that R sound than you ever would from reading articles written by Irish guys, or drowning out others from speaking with your English R. Pay attention to how it really sounds and then try to emulate it.

6. Get help from a human being!

Could you see this one coming?

The best thing you can do by far is to meet up with a native (or at least over Skype) and ask them nicely to help you with this. Live feedback that is relevant to you and particular problems you are having can do so much more than generic explanations ever can, and it leaves no room for you guessing that maybe you've got it.

Even before I got serious about speaking Spanish, one of the first things I did when I had moved to Spain was to have a patient Spanish speaking friend sit down with me and explain to me how to roll my Rs. It was frustrating at first, then I went away to practise, and came back for more adjustments. But that was it! It really helped me on my road to fluency in Spanish.

Thanks to this friend I eliminated the strong English accent from my Spanish immediately. There are of course other aspects of your English accent, but working on them one at a time and especially getting help, will always yield the best results.

Give it a try! Let me know if you were successful, or what approach worked best for you to roll your R in the comments below!

Benny Lewis View all posts by Benny Lewis

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6 easy ways to roll your 'R' - Fluent in 3 months - Language Hacking and Travel Tips

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The rolled r comes up in so many languages. I've heard it in various forms in Czech, Thai, Hungarian, Tagalog and of course in Spanish, Italian and Portuguese. And yet it seems to be something that evades native English speakers. The laziest of them will just give up entirely and use the bullshit excuse of ...

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P2)  La diferencia entre de fonemas y alófonos 

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P2)  La diferencia entre de fonemas y alófonos 

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Esto es un concepto muy difícil para mi, así que vi este video para ayudar. Al ver un video en inglés, el concepto fue más fácil de aprender. Si bien el video habla de inglés, los conceptos son los mismos. Realmente me gusta la comparación de "Superman" y "Clark Kent" con alófonos. El ejemplo fue que uno no puede ver "Superman" o "Clark Kent" al mismo tiempo porque son la misma persona. Por lo tanto, no se pueden ver dos alófonos al mismo tiempo porque son la misma fonema. Hay una parte que es específicamente para ingles pero en general el video es aplicable a Español.

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Argentina tiene un dialecto different de otros países hispanohablantes. Algunas pronunciaciones, palabras y gramática son único a Argentina. Según este artículo la lengua en Argentina esta influenciado por muchos factores. Spanish en Argentina tiene huellas de grupos indígenas y immigrantes de otro países europeos. Un idioma que tuvo un impacto significativo fue el italiano. Por ejemplo, los argentinos dicen "chau" para decir adiós, que es una palabra que se originó de la palabra italiana "ciao". Las diferencias entre el español argentino y otros dialectos son muy interesantes y en mi opinión no hay uno dialecto correcto para hablar español

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Spanish Spoken in Argentina - Argentinian Spanish

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Is the Spanish spoken in Argentina any different to the language we speak in Spain? Here are some of the major characteristics of Argentinian Spanish.

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Este artículo discute la evolución de la lengua española y específicamente habla sobre la acentuación. El español se originó en el latín, que tomó palabras y estructuras gramaticales de su predecesor, el griego. El autor cree que los gramáticos latinos confundieron las marcas de énfasis y el énfasis en la pronunciación con marcas de acento y crearon la tilde y otras marcas de acento. Desde entonces, el lenguaje ha evolucionado, pero las marcas de acento se han mantenido la misma.

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"¿Es feliz el hombre que es alto?" es un documental animato sobre un conversación entre el director francés, Michel Gondry y lingüista americano muy famoso, Noam Chomsky. Uno de los temas que discuten es la lingüística cognitiva y cómo los niños aprenden la gramática del lenguaje. Las animaciones coloridas ayudan al espectador a comprender mejor lo complicado conceptos del lingüísticas cognitiva que Chomsky explica.

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Is The Man Who Is Tall Happy? Official Trailer #1 (2013) - Michel Gondry Documentary HD

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Fanagalo es una lengua pidgin que origen en Sudáfrica. Está hablado en comunidades mineras de oro, carbón de diamante y cobre y áreas suburbanas en Johannesburgo. Fanagalo es una mescla de zulú, inglés, un parte minor Africaans. Fanagalo está hablado solamente por 5.000 personas pero Sudáfrica es un país con muchas lenguas y diversidad.

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A language profile for Pidgin Bantu. Get a detailed look at the language, from population to dialects and usage.

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Este video de "Ted Ed" discute si los animales usan o no el lenguaje para comunicarse. El video habla de las cualidades que componen el lenguaje. Hay discreción, gramática, productividad y desplazamiento y algunos animales poseen las cualidades. Por ejemplo, las abejas utilizan un complejo grupo de movimientos y sonidos para describir las fuentes de alimentos fuera de la colmena, mientras que los perros de la pradera usan alarmas para describir las amenazas. Aunque algunos animales tienen una o varias de las cualidades, ninguno tiene los cuatro y, por lo tanto, no usa el lenguaje.

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Do animals have language? - Michele Bishop

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Yo tomé un prueba sobre cual idioma debo tomar en el sitio de web "Babble". La prueba preguntó preguntas sobre mi personalidad y que me gusta. Por ejemplo yo me preguntaron sobre mi comida favorita y por que yo quiero aprender un idioma nueva. Los resultados de mi prueba fueron Español y Italiano. Creo que parte de razón por la cual es porque hay idiomas romanticas y son mas fácil a aprender por un hablante Inglés. Y porque ¡me encanta comida hispana y italiana!

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Learning a new language is both useful and fun - and we make it easy for you to start speaking right away. But with 14 languages to choose from, picking which one to learn can be a tricky decision. So we have a foolproof method for deciding which language is right for you: a quiz! Which language should you learn? It's time to find out.

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Learning a new language is both useful and fun - and we make it easy for you to start speaking right away. But with 14 languages to choose from, picking which one to learn can be a tricky decision. So we have a foolproof method for deciding which language is right for you: a quiz!