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The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the 1830s and 40s. Membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement during the Jacksonian Democracy.

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Methodists and Baptists are two denominations created in the Second Great Awakening, around the 1790s and the 1800s. Many people of these faiths adopted Millennialism and believed in turning away from their sinful past and focusing on a new "Christ-Centered Life".  Church Membership doubled in these years and they distributed Bibles and supported education.

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Temperance: The promise to abstain from alcoholic drinks in the 1830s. Lyman Beecher was a Presbyterian Minister delivered six sermons about temperance in 1825 that were later published the following year.
Prison Reform: The prison reforms were attempts to improve conditions inside of prisons  and instead of keeping prisoners incarcerated, trying to find ways to rehabilitate them to let some of them back into society. An example of a leader during this time is Francis Lieber

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Mentally Ill: Dorothea Dix was a big advocate for improvement on mental illness in wanting to help with better conditions in the facilities and wanting to help them get better. Conditions in these facilities were terrible and the mentally ill were kept in the same place as criminals. Electio-shock therapy and removal of brain tissue were harmful treatments used along with the vast amount of neglect.
Transcendentalism: An idealistic philosophical and social movement that developed around 1836 because of rationalism. Transcendentalism was influenced by romanticism, Platonism, and Kantian philosophy. Ralph Waldo Emerson was one of the leaders during this time period.

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Utopias: People with the money to do it, began to make their own perfect societies and communities during the 1800s. Places such as New Harmony were created along with Mormons and many other things.
Women's Suffrage: The movement in the fight for women to vote. An example of a leader during this time is Susan B. Anthony.
Common School: Common school is an organized system created to make a organized community of common education. A supporter of this is Horace Mann who is quoted as the creator and father of the common school.

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The Mormon Trek: Joseph Smith was the founder and leader of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saints Movement. Mormons believe that their church is the original christian church that was rehabilitated by Joseph Smith. They reach out to others to try and help them reach their salvation and invite them into Christianity.

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The belief in the God given right to move westward across the United states.
Texas War for Independence: Also known as the Texas Revolution, The Texas War for Independence was started by American colonists who have colonized in the Spanish territory of Texas. Colonists finally got tired of the laws from the Spanish government and fought back, which is where to slogan "Remember the Alamo" came from. Along with the Boarder Crisis that didn't help matters during this time.

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Moses Austin: He was invited to start a settlement of 300 families in the Spanish territory of Texas.
Stephan Austin: The son of Moses Austin who was the only American Empresario. He is knows as the Father of Texas who was successful in bringing the 300 families over into the Spanish territory.

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The Alamo: Texan defenders fought against Spanish troops under the President Santa Anna in a 13 day siege.
Davie Crocket:  Was killed during the Alamo and was a U.S. Representative for Tennessee in the house of representatives
William Travis: Leader of the Army at the Alamo. Died in battle.

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Sam Houston: Won at the Battle of San Jacinto which secured the battle for independence.
President Polk: 11th President of the United states who was a speaker in the House of Representatives who added more than a 1/3 onto the United States.

Annexation of Texas: The annexation of Texas happened in 1845 when it was admitted into the union as the 28th state. It was declared independent from Mexico and the Spanish government.

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Democratic Party vs Whig Party: Whig's preferred a federal government while Democrats preferred a state government. The Whigs hated Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party.
Panic of 1837:  A financial crisis where everything financial dropped while unemployment rates increased. This was caused by the abolishment of the Second National Bank.
The War With Mexico: This war happened between 1846 - 1848. Mexican soldiers attacked a group of American soldiers starting the war between the two.

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: The official document of peace between Mexico and the United States. Mexico seceded out of Texas and made the boarder of Mexico the current one of today.
The Gold Rush:  Tens of thousands of people rushed to California to look for gold in the hopes gaining their fortune and starting a new life.  Most people people didn't find gold and they were left without any money, food, or shelter.
Life of miners in California: The price for everything went up at the dig sites, and many couldn't afford it. The dig sites were very dangerous because many holes that were dug could barely fit the miners body in it. Many didn't leave their claimed land in fear that someone else might try and take their spot, so many miners starved to death while looking for gold. People fought and were murdered because everyone was looking for gold and wanted the spots others had claimed.

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Businesses created in California to support miners: Many stores and mining camps were created to support the miners in trying to find gold. Many of the common stores sold shovels and pickaxes along with breakfast every morning to make sure they are fed, however the prices were extremely high because of the fact that they were looking for gold.

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The California Gold Rush cartoon 1849 (The Wild West)