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The information was taken from:http://paginaspersonales.deusto.es/airibar/Ed_digital/INF/Intro/Historia.html
Images was taken from: https://pixabay.com

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Two improvements in the technology of computers mark the beginning of the fourth generation: the replacement of memories with magnetic cores by those of silicon chips and the placement of many more components on a chip, product of microminiaturization of electronic circuits. The small size of the chip microprocessor made it possible to create personal computers (PCs). The first PC, from IBM, is from 1981. Before, two other personal computers had already been presented: the Apple-II and the Altair 8800. Nowadays, the LSI (Large-Scale Integration) and VLSI (integration to very large scale) allow hundreds of thousands of electronic components to be stored on a chip. Using VLSI, a manufacturer can make a small computer rival a first-generation computer that occupies a full room.

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The computers of the third generation were born with the development of integrated circuits (silicon pills), in which thousands of electronic components are placed, in a miniature integration. The computers became smaller again, faster, they gave off less heat and they were energetically more efficient. Before the advent of integrated circuits, computers were designed for business or mathematical applications, but not for both. Integrated circuits allowed computer manufacturers to increase the flexibility of programs and standardize their models.

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The invention of the transistor made possible a new generation of computers, faster, smaller and with less ventilation needs. However, the cost remained a significant portion of a Company's budget.

The second-generation computers used magnetic core networks instead of rotating drums for primary storage. These nuclei contained small rings of magnetic material, linked together, in which data and instructions were stored.

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The first generation computers used bulbs to process information. The operators entered the data and the programs in a special code by means of punched cards. The internal storage was achieved with a drum that rotated rapidly, on which a reading / writing device placed magnetic marks. Those bulbous computers were much larger and generated more heat than contemporary models.

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In 1944 the Mark-I (or IBM ASCC) was presented, designed by a team headed by Howard H. Aiken, of Harvard University, with the collaboration of IBM. It was an automatic electric machine, although it had electromechanical components; could perform 5 arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and reference to previous results.

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Dr. Atanasoff, a professor at Iowa State University, developed the first electronic digital computer between the years 1937 to 1942. He named his invention the Atanasoff-Berry computer, or ABC (Atanasoff Berry Computer). Clifford Berry, a graduate student, was a helpful aid in the construction of the ABC computer.

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The Renaissance genius Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) drew around 1500 several notes for a mechanical adder. More than a century later, around 1623, the German Wilhelm Schickard built the first calculating machine.

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The abacus is possibly the first mechanical accounting device in history. It is about 5,000 years old.