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The Nazi party of America wanted to march on a town to demonstrate their opinions, and the Supreme Court held that, under free speech, this was a right that was granted to them, despite the fact that it was very controversial for many people.

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This is false or unprivileged statements that are harmful to someones reputation and published with malicious intent. Slander and libel are both forms of defamatory speech.

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Libel is the action of lying about someone or their deeds, while slander is the act of spreading rumors to discredit another. Both are meant to damage the reputation of the one they are speaking about.

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This amendment grants citizenship to all people who were born or naturalized in the country. This was applied to the recently applied slaves following the civil war.

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When concerning an imprisoned citizen, no excessive bail can be required, no excess fines can be imposed, and no cruel or unusual punishment can be carried out in regards to their sentence.

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All trials where the controversy costs more than twenty dollars has the right to be tried by a jury, and shall abide by the common laws. No fact tried by a jury can be reexamined a second time.

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This is speech that acts to overthrow or question the methods of the government. It attacks the beliefs and methods of those in power, and has been criminalized for a long time, despite the freedoms of speech.

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In every single court case, the accused has the right to a fair and speedy trial, overseen by an impartial jury, and they most be fully informed of what they are accused of before the trial is conducted.

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This case determined that the imprisonment of the Japanese-Americans during World War 2 was constitutional, and therefore the federal government had not broken a law when carrying out this act.

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The amendment prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy. In addition, each citizen must be allowed the due process of law.

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This is racial segregation, especially prevalent in school, that happens not through legal actions and requirements, but just through actions or beliefs of the people that intentional discriminate against others.

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A citizens person, possessions, and properties are protected against unwarranted, unnecessary searches and seizure from authorities. Authorities require a warrant based on a probably cause to search someone.

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This amendment states that citizens of the United States are entitled to keep weapons for self defense. The right to bear arms will not be infringed on by the government.

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This amendment deals with giving protections to its citizens. Congress can not pass any laws regarding religion, prohibiting the freedom of speech or press, or limiting the people's power to assemble and address their grievances for the government.

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In this case, the Supreme Court decided that state laws establishing a religious body are illegal, as they violate the establishment clause of the 1st Amendment

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This is judicial suppressant of materials or evidence due to the fact that they may be seen as libelous or harmful to another person's reputation. The 1st Amendment restricts this ability for the government.

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This clause is attached to the 1st Amendment, and states that no government can prohibit the exercising of a certain religion or group. Each belief system must be respected under the law.

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This is a judicial standard of review that examines whether a legislature had a reasonable basis for conducting a specific action, and aren't just acting on arbitrary reasons.

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In 1963, this supreme court case held that the 6th Amendment must be upheld by the states, and that all citizens unable to afford an attorney in a case must be provided one by the state.

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This case came to the conclusion, in 1896, that racial segregation should be allowed in all public facilities, as long as those facilities are equal in quality. This is where the phrase "separate but equal" comes from.

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In this case, a slave unsuccessfully sued for his freedom. His reasoning was that his family had moved to a state where slavery was illegal, so he believed that he should be released due to the current state's laws that he was abiding in.

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This court case was was monumental in determining the constitutionality of abortions, and whether or not they should be legalized. This court case determined they were in 1973.

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This act ended segregation in public locations, and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. This was one of the most important legislative act of the civil rights movement.

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These were laws in the Southern United States, instated after the civil war, which enforced racial segregation through legal means. The laws were enforced until 1965, and led to racial tensions that could erupt in periods of violence.

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This is an action which helps groups that would usually be discriminated against, especially when considering educational admission and employment. It is also called positive discrimination, as it takes those who are usually discriminated against, and gives them more opportunity or assistance.

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After slaves were freed and given civil rights, Southern states would test them on their ability to read, and if they couldn't pass the test, they weren't allowed to vote. This is an example of civil liberties being violated by the states.

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Police entered into a house without a warrant, but found evidence that supported their case. However, since the civil rights of the of the accused person were violated in the search, the evidence was found to be inadmissible in court, and they were not convicted.

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No states shall be able to deny a person from their constitutional civil liberties, and that everyone will receive equal protection under the law. The clause was created in 1868.

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The statements of a defendant when they are first arrested is not admissible in court unless they are informed of their right to have an attorney with them, as to prevent self-incrimination due to the defendants lack of awareness about their rights.

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This was the Supreme Court case that decided that the segregation of white and black students in a school was unconstitutional and not allowable under the law.

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This decision ruled that it was unconstitutional for schools to require official school prayers and encourage their recitation in school.

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This is the doctrine which translates some of the Bill of Rights Amendments to the states as well as the federal government. Originally, the states only applied to the federal government.

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This is an action or conduct that expresses an idea. Protests such as sit-ins or demonstrations fall in this category, and are protected as long as they remain within the domain of the law.

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This was a Supreme Court action in 1978 that upheld the fact that race could be a factor in college admission, which confirmed affirmative action's legality.

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In America, law enforcement must have a valid reason for pursuing a suspect or obtaining a search warrant. People cannot be arrested for arbitrary reasons; there must be a believable cause.

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This refers to legal segregation of certain groups in society, like the imposition of Jim Crow Laws.

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In American jurisprudence, a suspect classification is any grouping of people meeting a certain criteria that suggests they are more likely the subject of discrimination.

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The combination of speech and action to help communicate an idea. Even though it coincides with an action, it is still protected under the 1st Amendment depending on the specific actions being taken.

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Someone who is accused of a crime and tried or it once cannot be accused of the same crime and tried a second time under new circumstances. A crime can only be tried once in a court of law if a valid decision is reached.

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All citizens are entitled to their legal rights under the law, including those accused of committing a crime. Everybody receives fair treatment under the judicial system. States can not disrespect these rights.

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This is a clause defined by the 1st Amendment that prohibits Congress from the establishment of religion. This means that the government can not favor one religion over another, or have a official religion.

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Law that states that no evidence that is obtained illegally, through violation of the defendant's constitutional rights, is allowed to be used in court. It is originally grounded in the 4th Amendment