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Amidst a global coronavirus pandemic, it is hard to understand the gravity of other pandemic plaguing our world. One in particular being the Malaria pandemic. In 2020 alone there was an estimated an amount of almost 630,000 deaths and almost 241 million cases world wide. In addition due to the complex nature of the disease as long as outside factors the disease is very hard to eradicate in some places without the use of deadly chemicals. Nearly half of the worlds population is susceptible to this deathly disease and its important to acknowledge it in order to try to improve this global problem

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- Several studies indicate that local beliefs and practices must be noted when helping to eradicate Malaria
- Unfortunately in some places religious belief cause people to delay visits to hospitals and treatments due to superstitious beliefs, and one can imagine how bad that can be
- Another challenge is the lack of trust and cooperation between local and the healthcare system causing locals to not take the proper step to get healthy and eradicate malaria
- In addition there is a lack of education of the locals on this dangerous disease as well as of education of doctors who are deemed as "fake" who can mistreat a patient or the general population

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- It is an unfortunate relationship put poverty and malaria are connected
- First of all, the greatest and most broad problem is that people in poverty in developing countries may not even be able get an appointment for a doctors visit to get diagnosed
- Second, people are fortunate enough to get diagnosed may not be able to afford the expensive medication that is needed to help recover from Malaria
- Third, people may not have access to the vaccine whether that is through the government of these developing countries or privately which will greatly hurt the general population
- This is bad because people will never get cured of Malaria allowing more mosquitos to become vectors thus infecting more people creating an endless cycle of Malria

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- First of all it is very hard to eliminate given the highly adaptable nature of the vectors and parasites involved
- Malaria is rampant in non-developed countries; A big part that plays into the removal of Malaria is urbanization. Cities tend to reduce the rate of vector breeding while smaller rural areas improve it which is where Malaria is the world
- In addition it happens that the climate best for the vectors are also places that are underdeveloped such as Africa, South America, and parts of East Asia
- Another way to eradicate it is to remove all of the mosquitos, but in doing so it would have unintended environmental consequences that would greatly hurt the environment

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- To help fight off there exists a Malaria Vaccine that increase the number of antibodies in the liver to block the parasite from infecting the liver
- Thankfully Malaria can be treated with the right drugs, but some some malaria parasites can become drug resistant

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When the mosquito bites the human, it injects saliva to stop the blood from clotting so the mosquito can ingest the blood
- The saliva carries the Malaria pathogen, plasmodium protist or the plasmodium sporozoite, which is the first form of the malaria parasite

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Though we are a long way from ending Malaria, heavy advancements have been made, case incidences and mortality totals have decreased and Malaria was considered an epidemic in 108 countries in 2000, in 2016 it is 91.  Many more countries are on the path of eradication. An Alliance of African and Middle eastern countries have come together to attempt of decrease the prevalence of Malaria so hopefully Malaria will be slowed down if not eradicated at some point

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- Some individuals can develop anti-bodies that will attack the sporozoites on their way to the liver
- In addition there are antibodies that are work against the sexual stages of plasmodium that limit Malaria transmission
- Though there are a few other Malaria is a very difficult disease to fight off

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Initial: High temperature, Headaches, vomiting, muscle pains, diarrhea, chills, and abdominal pain.

Long terms symptoms:  Anemia(low blood), Jaundice(liver failure), may start loosing hemoglobin, respiratory illness or complications, and much more

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How the Mosquito contracts the Malaria Pathogen

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How the Mosquito contracts the Malaria Pathogen

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- Pregnant Anopheles mosquitos will bite humans for blood which is nutrients for their offspring
-  Contracts the pathogen from getting blood from a infected human by working with the gametocyte which are specialized cells that transition the parasite from human to insect
- the blood that fill it's stomachs contains thousands of parasites
- The parasite cannot survive so they break down, but at the same time parasites that transformed into a sperm or egg sexual cell thrives, which turn into new parasites
- the surviving cells becomes active and form into a cist in the stomach
- they will create new parasites that will travel to the saliva glands in the mosquito

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- The blood Cell becomes sticky, and attaches to blood vessel walls
- The cell than bursts sending more parasites, called merozoites or "daughter" parasites through the blood stream continuing the cycle to full on Malaria
- The reason this is so bad is because it increases erythrocyte rigidity which affects the amount of hemoglobin which allows the red blood cells to carry oxygen(this will lead to anemia which is basically a loss of red blood cells which results in a lack of oxygen)

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- The liver cell will implode when the bacteria matures and enter the blood stream in order to look for red blood cells
- They then infiltrate red blood cells, which they use to hide from the immune system and continue to multiply

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- In the liver cell it multiplies to the thousands, which takes 5-7 days
- New malaria cells evolve and are able to attack red blood cells, these matured cells a schizont cells which are cells that divide into daughter cells

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- The plasmodium protist pathogen then travels to the liver
- When inside the liver, the plasmodium infiltrates liver cells, killing other human body cells on the way

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The mosquito is the vector of the Malaria pathogen. The vector is the vehicle of transportation of the disease. Not all mosquitos can be vectors, it is only pregnant Anopheles Mosquitos.

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The lifecycle of Malaria starts and ends with the the mosquito biting a human.