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a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

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how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment.

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difference in characteristics

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evolution on a larger scale, where one common ancestor splits into multiple new species

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evolution that takes place WITHIN a species (example: anole lizard dewlap color change)

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Each species of anole lizard has a different colored dewlap, a flap of skin used to by males to attract mates. Females will only mate with males of the dewlap color of their species. In the Carribean islands, new species of anoles were formed as a result of changing dewlap colors. As different groups moved to different environments, their dewlap color changed. They could only mate with those of that same group, therefore creating a new species. This is an example of reproductive isolation.

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Through natural selection, the Galapagos finches developed larger beaks as a result of their changing environment. When only larger seeds were available after a flood, the finches with a larger beak had an advantage and were more likely to reproduce and pass on their desirable trait.

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Peppered moths were originally white like in the photo above. They started to change when the air became polluted due to factory's. They started to differ in color to camouflage to the now dark birch trees. Over half of the peppered moth population had changed there color. This is an example of an organism adapting their surroundings in order to survive and reproduce with others of their species.

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heritable characteristics that increase an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in an environment

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change over time, the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

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the process by which organisms that are most suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest

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specific characteristic of an individual.