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This video shows the results of anti-smoking campaigns and smoking restrictions on the rates of smoking in low-income, middle-income, and high-income families. The study conducted shows that the rate of smoking in higher-income countries decreased significantly after anti smoking campaigns gained popularity. However, low and middle income countries actually increased their rates of smoking, This is likely because the production and consumption of tobacco in lower-income countries is a large part of the economy.

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How Lung Cancer affects the Respiratory System

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How Lung Cancer affects the Respiratory System

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The trachea is responsible for transporting all air entering through the body through the oral or nasal cavity into the bronchi and the rest of the respiratory system. The trachea is a long tube and is lined with cartilage that helps keep the neck from collapsing. Lung Cancer may affect the trachea by becoming inflamed, narrow, and also filling with mucus. These three things prevent the trachea from performing their function of transporting all air entering the body into the lungs. If the trachea becomes narrower or is filled with mucus, far less air will be able to enter the body. Cells won't be able to receive enough oxygen to perform cellular respiration and carbon dioxide will be released from the body at a much slower rate. This affects the human body's homeostasis, a state of equilibrium a body maintains in order to function properly. Maintaining homeostasis in the respiratory system is especially important, as the respiratory system is responsible for getting oxygen into the bloodstream so that cells can perform cellular respiration and the body has energy to do work. Also, the respiratory system is responsible for removing the poisonous by product of cellular respiration, CO2, from the body. If an inflamed or narrower trachea is preventing this from happening, the homeostasis of the body is severely disturbed and the body will suffer.

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Comparison of Lung Cancer Cases by Race, Sex, and Socioeconomic Status

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Comparison of Lung Cancer Cases by Race, Sex, and Socioeconomic Status

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The graph below compares the Lung Cancer Cases of 1,124 individuals living in southeastern USA. This graph is very in depth and categorizes lung cancer cases by race,  sex, and socioeconomic status all while showing the total percentages for each demographic. The data below shows that the lowest income demographics, are being diagnosed with lung cancer at far higher rates compared to middle and upper class groups. Black males earning under 15,000 made up 2/3 of all cases, and white males with an annual income under 15,000 made up about 55% of cases, far more than other white demographics ((Sanderson, Aldrich, Levine, Kilbourne, Cai & Blot, 2019).

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Lung Cancer Risk in Lower-Income Communities

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Lung Cancer Risk in Lower-Income Communities

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The article, Neighborhood deprivation and lung cancer risk: a nested case–control study in the USA, evaluates the rate at which different demographics of people are being diagnosed with cancer, with a focus on low-income communities. The writers claim that Individuals in lower-income neighborhoods have a much higher risk of getting diagnosed with lung cancer. This corresponds to the increased smoking rate in lower-income neighborhoods. A study was done on roughly 10,000 people in the Southern Community Cohort Study of persons residing in 12 states in the southeastern USA. Those people were tracked for about 8 years, and 1,124 people were diagnosed with lung cancer within that time. The experiment found that White males earning under 15,000 made up 54% of all cases, in comparison to 16% for individuals earning 15-25K, and 28% for individuals earning above 25K. Likewise, with Black males, 67% of the cases belonged to those earning under 15K, as opposed to 20% for those earning 15-25K and 12% for those earning above that number (Sanderson, Aldrich, Levine, Kilbourne, Cai & Blot, 2019). This study accurately proved that the lowest income groups, specifically males, are being diagnosed with lung cancer at far, far higher rates than medium and high income groups.

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Poverty Levels and the Use of Cigarettes and Tobacco 

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Poverty Levels and the Use of Cigarettes and Tobacco 

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The graph shows the current use, number of cigarettes/cigars smoked within 30 days, of cigarettes and tobacco within different socioeconomic levels. Those who are below poverty level have a current use of over 30 cigarettes, more than one a day.  Those at poverty level have a current use at 27 cigarettes, while those who are more twice poverty have a current rate of 15 cigarettes a day, half of those below poverty level. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2019).

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smoking disproportionately affect low-middle income families

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smoking disproportionately affect low-middle income families

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Study shows low and middle-income countries smoke more

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Smoking leads to inflammation in the small airways and tissues of the lungs, which causes tight feelings in the chest and can make you wheeze and short of breath. Scar tissues develop with continued inflammation,  leading to physical changes in your lungs/airways.

Smoking  also temporarily paralyzes and even kills cilia, tiny brush-like hairs that line your airways and sweep out mucus/dirt. Without them, your airways become filled with dirt and mucus. This increases the risk of infection. (Smoke Free, 2021)

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Smoking and Survival Rates of Lung Cancer Patients

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Smoking and Survival Rates of Lung Cancer Patients

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This line graph shows the survival rate of those diagnosed with lung cancer relating to rate of smoking. It tracks the survival one year after diagnosis with ex, current, and non smokers. Current smokers refer to those who have smoked within the past 30 days. There were 1124 participants and the results show, "77% of patients who had never smoked, 60% of ex-smokers and 57% of current smokers, were alive at 1 year." (Gemine et al., 2018). These results show the massive impact smoking has on lung cancer those who had never smoked had a 20% higher survival rate after a year than current smokers.

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1. What were some of my most powerful learning moments and what made them so?

when we do big projects like the padlet project as it helps me apply my learning to real world scenarios and topics, like DEI. I inquire to learn more on my own through these projects.

2. How well did I and my team communicate overall?

super well during class, we used the class time and got alot done.

3. How can I better support and encourage my teammates on this unit 2 padlet and future projects?

make sure to communicate the workload more and set up times to meet outside of class

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1. What were some of my most powerful learning moments and what made them so?

I think my most powerful learning moments were reading about how low-income communities are at much higher risk of being diagnosed with lung cancer. I also learned that low and middle income communities in America and countries all over the world smoke at very high rates because they are targeted by tobacco companies. This project was a very eye opening experience for me.

2. How well did I and my team communicate overall?

I think we communicated very well. We made the most of our in class work time and we set up times over the weekend to edit our project and review each other's work.

3. How can I better support and encourage my teammates on this unit 2 padlet and future projects?

One way is to meet a few more times outside of class in order to be fully aware of the work each partner has done so far. Another way I can better support and encourage my teammates is to know what the rubric requires for this project so we as partners know if we are missing anything in our padlet.

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Purple = Tran

Blue = Rohin

Yellow = both

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How does Smoking affect/lead to Lung Cancer: Emphysema

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How does Smoking affect/lead to Lung Cancer: Emphysema

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Our lungs are made of alveoli, tiny sacs that are tightly packed together, giving them a spongy texture. Having many small sacs rather than large, completely hollow lungs increases the amount of surface area over which gas exchange can occur. The more blood vessel-lined tissue you have exposed to the air, the more opportunity you have for gas exchange. Smoking damages and permanently destroys the alveoli that cannot grow back. A toxic gas that comes from smoking, called carbon monoxide, crossing into the blood from the alveoli and displaces oxygen that is in the process of being transported. This leads to emphysema, which causes severe shortening of breaths. It can even cause deaths. This is a disruption of homeostasis, the state of equilibrium our body maintains, the best conditions to keep us alive. An example of homeostasis is our respiratory system, which takes oxygen into our body and removes toxic carbon dioxide. When emphysema happens, it changes the oxygen levels in our body, so we have significantly less than we need to to maintain everyday processes. (Smoke Free, 2021)

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How do cigarettes affect the body? - Krishna Sudhir

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Cigarette Smoking and Tobacco Use Among People of Low Socioeconomic Status. (2019, November 25).

Retrieved January 22, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/disparities/low-ses/index.htm
Fast Facts and Fact Sheets. (2020, December 10). Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/index.htm
Gemine RE;Ghosal R;Collier G;Parry D;Campbell I;Davies G;Davies K;Lewis KE; ;. (n.d.). Longitudinal study to assess impact of smoking at diagnosis and quitting on 1-year survival for people with non-small cell lung cancer. Retrieved January 23, 2021, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30797485/

Health Effects. (n.d.). Retrieved January 22, 2021, from

https://smokefree.gov/quit-smoking/why-you-should-quit/health-effects#:~:text=Smoking%20destroys%20the%20tiny%20air,destroyed%2C%20the%20disease%20emphysema%20develop

How do cigarettes affect the body? - Krishna Sudhir. (2018, September 13). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y18Vz51Nkos
Study shows low and middle-income countries smoke more. (2016, December 6). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10iVoX1P228
Sanderson, M., Aldrich, M., Levine, R., Kilbourne, B., Cai, Q., & Blot, W. (2018, September 01). Neighbourhood deprivation and lung cancer risk: A nested case–control study in the USA. Retrieved January 23, 2021, from https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/8/9/e021059
Smoking & Tobacco Facts and Statistics: The CIGNAL. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2021, from http://www.standaz.com/tobacco-facts/

Pictures:

https://nethealthbook.com/lung-disease/emphysema/

https://www.jing.fm/iclip/xhJbJi_clip-art-details-cigarette-clip-art-black-and/

https://www.pinclipart.com/pindetail/bwbwT_dollar-sign-clipart-black-and-white-money-sign/

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The article C igarette Smoking and Tobacco Use Among People of Low Socioeconomic Status summarizes the ways those of lower socioeconomic status have higher rates of smoking. The people included in this group are those who are unemployed and/or near poverty level and have lower education levels. This is because secondhand smoking is more likely in these communities as service workers have the least smoke free workplaces out of all workplaces. Other reasons are that tobacco industries target low income areas. The people in these communities have less access to healthcare, making it more likely that they are diagnosed at later stages of diseases and conditions, and this causes them to suffer more from diseases like lung cancer. They have also been found to smoke more heavily, nearly twice as many years those with higher socioeconomic status, and are less likely to quit. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2019).

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This diagram shows the different organs and body parts of the respiratory system, which facilitates gas exchange and allows us to breathe. Oxygen comes in through our oral or nasal cavity and down the trachea. The trachea is a tube that connects oral and nasal cavities to the lungs, allowing for air to enter the lungs. It is lined with rings of cartilage that prevent the tube from collapsing, keeping it sturdy and open. This prevents the airflow from the cavities from cutting off. The trachea forms into two bronchus which fork into bronchioles, leading to the alveoli. The ones most affected by smoking and the trachea, the alveoli, and small airways in the lungs.