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[1432 - 1492] Florence, Italy becomes the center of Renaissance art and learning

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[1432 - 1492] Florence, Italy becomes the center of Renaissance art and learning

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The Medici family financed most major artists and trade with major European cities, bringing oil painting to Italy from North Europe. As a result, Florence became a cultural hotspot, and new art and culture was created with the help of the Medici's funding.

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[1444-1446] Prince Henry the Navigator's voyages

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[1444-1446] Prince Henry the Navigator's voyages

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Prince Henry the Navigator financed many expeditions for Portugal along the western coast of Africa to spread Christianity and attain riches that he planned to bring back to Portugal. A byproduct of this was the Slave Trade being introduced to the Americas. Portugese sailors also explored new areas and formed active colonies.

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[1453] Constantinople fell, eastern scholars fled to Italy

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[1453] Constantinople fell, eastern scholars fled to Italy

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The Eastern scholars fleeing to Italy brought books and manuscripts with Greek knowledge. The knowledge brought to Italy helped foster Renaissance ideas and values throughout Europe.

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Christopher Columbus was a successful navigator who had four transatlantic voyages and is credited by many for the discovery of the New World. Some of the effects of his voyages included European exploration, exploitation, and colonization of the Americas.

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John Cabot was a European navigator and explorer who made important discoveries along the North American Coast. John Cabot demonstrated the viability of a short route across the North Atlantic and laid the groundwork for Britain's claim to Canada.

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[1543] Nicolaus Copernicus had the first comprehensive heliocentric theory

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[1543] Nicolaus Copernicus had the first comprehensive heliocentric theory

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Copernicus proposed that the Sun was at the center and the Earth revolved around it. This caused the perception of Earth's place in the solar system to be changed forever.

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Galileo was an astronomer, physicist, and engineer, who made contributions to the science of motion and to astronomy as a whole. Galileo was the first person to record observations of the universe with a telescope, and made discoveries such as craters on the moon, sunspots, and evidence that supported the idea that the Sun was the center of the Universe (now we know the center of the solar system).

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[1517] Martin Luther published 95 Theses, initiating the Protestant Reformation

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[1517] Martin Luther published 95 Theses, initiating the Protestant Reformation

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Martin Luther was a German theologian and the religious reformer that initiated the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther started the Protestant Reformation when he published a work of a series of 95 ideas about Christianity, titled 95 Theses. These ideas directly challenged the Catholic Church.

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John Calvin was a French theologian, pastor, reformer, and important part of the Protestant Reformation. John Calvin had influential Christian institutes, which had the first systematic theological writing of the reform movement, and his interpretations of Christian teachings (Calvinism) are a characteristic of Reformed churches.

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[1686] Newton came up with his three laws of motion

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[1686] Newton came up with his three laws of motion

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Newton discovered the laws of gravitation, which led to the conclusion that the Earth isn't precisely spherical and bulges at the equator. We discovered gravity and more about how the universe works, and overall he laid down the foundation for our current understanding of physics and the universe