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uses wild caught fry for their culture

concern in pathogens

concern for the wild stock population

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Electricity may be required to power:
- Aerators in ponds if needed, especially during warmer temperatures
- water disinfection systems( e.g. UV light)
- research/laboratory areas
- on land hatchery and offices

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Minimal electricity: lack of technology used in the culture process

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Water used for the farm is from the surrounding waters

water is saline and contains feed needed by the shrimps (detritus)

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Cheap labour resource

Allows large employment due to increased demand and profitability for shrimp aquaculture

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Poor land management

6,000km² of mangrove protection zone

but mangrove trees were still removed for ponds

Not sustainable and is damaging the ecosystem

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Juvenile larva: algae as live food
Formulated feed ingredients can include:
- Wheat flour(35% of feed):
- Fishmeal(25%): provides protein, essential fatty acids and vitamin B
- Soybean meal(20%): rich in amino acids
- Wheat: to improve pellatability and water stability

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In Bangladesh, wild captured fish is commonly used as feed for adult shrimp in mangroves

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Benefits of farming mangrove shrimps in Bangladesh

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Benefits of farming mangrove shrimps in Bangladesh

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Since Bangladesh is a third world country:
- provide more job opportunities
- cheap labour force
- sustainable shrimp commands higher prices, higher local incomes received
- contributes to poverty reduction and food security
- close partnership between successful private-sector seafood enterprises and conservationists can lead to game-changing changes.

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Takes up about 141000 hectares of area; approximately 1% of Bangladesh's land area

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Juveniles: Can be hatchery-bred, or purchased

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- leaf litter
- water exchange
- predators
- recruitment of wild shrimps
- pond depth
- pond mud pH

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Mangrove area cleared to make space cleared pond cultivation
Earthen ponds for grow out or adult cultivation

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Strengths:
1) Bangladesh is home to one of the largest mangrove ecosystems in the world, the Sundarbans Nature Reserve. Hence, we can make use of existing mangrove swamps to culture the Mangrove shrimps, as part of the RAMSAR resolution to conserve mangrove wetlands. Thus, land resource is not an issue that we face.

2) Source of water can be from the Mangrove forest itself since the conditions of water are suitable for mangrove shrimps. Mangrove forests also naturally trap sedimentation and land-run off. The roots of mangrove trees also actively absorb nitrates and phosphates in the water, thereby preventing eutrophication. This saves up costs for managing water conditions  and resource.

Challenges / Issues:
1) It is difficult to produce formulated commercial feed on-site because we do not want to clear out too much of the mangrove forest. Hence, the cost of production and transportation of feed will be high

2) Due to exponential demand; the 'blue revolution' in shrimp caused a lot of poor placements of farms which created change in local water system and deterioration in water and soil quality due to saltwater intrusion in ground water as such threatening those who rely on ground water for daily living

3) Shrimp farming in mangrove systems in 1 of the main reasons mangrove deforestation occurs, causing rapid loss of mangrove ecosystems around the world.

How to address issue:
1) Cost of feed production can be reduced by making use of captured fish around the mangrove forest to be used as feed for adult shrimps.

2) To address issue, instead of blindly using abundant resources shrimp farmers can actually opt for alternate farming solutions such as IMTA farm systems, to cultivate shrimp with multiple trophic levels in the same system to allow reuse of nutrients present through natural processes

3) Organic shrimp farming can be implemented. This refers to the shrimp culture being integrated into the environment to reduce the negative impact as much as possible, where the farm uses the landscape of the mangrove area efficiently in effort to not deforest any mangrove area as much as possible. Organic farming also implements the lack of artificial chemicals used which reduces negative environmental impact.

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- increases production output and efficiency
- minimize adverse impacts on the environment

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Land, water, electricity, mangroves, feed

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Mangrove, towards the coastal areas
In the South western region of Bangladesh, in the Satkhira district

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land based aquaculture facility for mangrove shrimps in Bangladesh

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land based aquaculture facility for mangrove shrimps in Bangladesh