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red tides / brown tides - kill all animals in water, then algae decompose, bacteria suck up all the oxygen in water, creates a hypoxial zone with no oxygen where fish can never live again

not only do these algal blooms choke the water, the outcome of their respiration processes are toxic and leave the water in a completely uninhabitable state.

Key terms: hypoxia (state where the  pond is deprived of the appropriate oxygen level)
red/brown tides (large algal blooms formed of algae that are toxic to animals and other plant life)

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Harmful algal blooms are caused mainly by excess nitrogen and phosphorous in water bodies. This excess nitrogen and phosphorous comes from agricultural activities including excess fertilizers turning into nitrogenous compounds in the air or polluting nearby water bodies.

This overabundance of nitrogen and phosphorous nutrients (eutrophication) causes phytoplankton and algae to grow and multiply exponentially faster than normal.

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Garbage patches: Areas with particularly high concentrations of flotsam and jetsam (mostly small pieces of plastic.)

Plastic and float-able other marine debris can travel the currents persistently >> this material accumulates in the ocean gyres centers >> creation of garbage patches

This can contribute to:
1. Toxic chemicals spread in the ocean
2. Snag and tear of corals
3. Harming animals if ingested or got entangled in (the debris)

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water pollution is the contamination of water due to human activities. water pollution occurs when a harmful substance like chemicals are released into water bodies like river.

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Pollution is on an ever increasing level and although water is a vital element for human prosperity or even survival, many people lack clean water. Water pollution is when people dumb waste material like toxic chemicals, plastic materials and other substances that take a very long time to disintegrate in the water. By the constant dumping of these material, the water is not usable anymore due to the contamination of such pollutants.

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One major cause of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels from both energy plants and vehicles. The combustion of these fuels releases immense amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Chemicals like sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide can cause smog and acid rain when released into the air. The exposure to air pollution can also affect the human body, some concequences are: irritation in the eyes, nose and throat. But, long term exposure to air pollution can lead to chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer and also heart diseases. These gases also affect the atmosphere and lead to global warming.

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Sulphur dioxides and nitrogen oxides, which are emitted when fossil fuels are burned, mix with water in the atmosphere to form mildly acidic substances.
Effects of acid rain- stress fish, and at high levels, kill them. Weakens trees.

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Introduces toxic chemicals into seawater resulting in habitat degradation. Larger debris breaks down into smaller matter and pose a greater range of threats to the marine ecosystem. Its accumulation in the bodily tissue of marine organisms can lead to reduced lifespans and mass dying of endangered, or economically vital species.

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Artificial light is really harmful for marine animals. Artificial light disrupts circadian rhythms between marine animals and human. At levels, this can cause cancer and kill animals. Fishes are also attracted by light and during their travel to the light, many of them die.

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WWF works at local, national, and international levels to push for laws and measures that can minimise the effects of pollution (Meha)

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Ocean litter comes from many places such as containers that accidentally fall off ships during storms, the trash that's polluted city streets, leading into rivers that lead into the sea.

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WWF has paired up with Toyota and has achieved a-lot in the past years. These achievements include international environmental certification of the fuel-handling facility on Baltra Island, a four-year renewable-energy teacher education campaign, the creation of the first Municipal Department of the Environment on Santa Cruz Island, and an oil-recycling program.