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few important applications of nanotechnology

Medicine

Researchers are developing customized nano-particles the size of molecules that can deliver drugs directly to diseased cells in your body.

Electronics

by using nano-particles we can increase the capabilities of electronics devices while we reduce their weight and power consumption.

Fuel cells

we could use nano-engineered membranes to catalytic processes for improving efficiency of small-scale fuel cells

chemical sensors

Nanotechnology can enable sensors to detect very small amounts of chemical vapors. Various types of detecting elements, such as carbon nano-tubes, zinc oxide nano-wires or palladium nano-particles can be used in nanotechnology-based sensors.

purification of water

Nano-particles can convert the contaminated water through a chemical reaction to make it harmless. Studies have shown that this method can be used successfully to reach contaminates dispersed in underground ponds and at much lower cost than methods which require pumping the water out of the ground for treatment

artificial muscles

When a carbon nano-tube is dipped into charged solution, it absorbs ions, expanding and coilling up. And when it releases those ions, it uncoils in the other direction, stretching out. This action emulates the action of a muscle

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3) Advantages:

This application is effective in identifying and and neutralizing the foreign viruses or bacteria at a faster pace and also for protecting the body from a virus for which our body doesn't have an available antibody. This will bring a new revolution in medicine. It also reduces the hazards of certain researches towards humans. For neutralizing viruses such as HIV which with the help of an enzyme changes the shape and antigen on itself, these agents which can rapidly sense and create chemicals for countering them are of much importance. This will reduce the

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2) Feasibility of our idea:

Our idea may seem to be a part of a futuristic world, but it is possible. The problem that comes into play is the expenditure required to make such a breakthrough in all the fields. Nanotechnology and Robotics are the fields whose research budgets are extremely high. But keeping in the outcome that comes as a result of the research, it is sure worth it. Also with a good enough program to create an intelligent agent for this purpose will give a boost to the research of Nanotechnology and Robotics so as to meet the aforementioned result. Because medical and healthcare is of utmost concern in the present world which is at brink of outbreak of new harmful microorganisms and epidemics.

Our Idea is feasible as it also reduces the extremely high cost of treatment for dangerous and deadly diseases, also considering the high budget involved in the research of it.

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Our team discussed about the possible areas in which we could apply our collective knowledge of the topics we have learned through the course of this assignment and have come up with this specific idea.

1) Medical and Health Care:

Our idea is to integrate our topics and apply it to improve medical and health care. Using Nanotechnology and Artificial Intelligence, Intelligent agents in the size of a cell can be made which can be introduced into a subject. These agents are so coded to detect and identify antigen proteins on the surface of Viruses and Bacteria. The information about the antigen protein entered is now sent to a production facility, where integrating Robotics and AI, Agents produced on a larger scale try out different permutations of atoms and molecules in simulations to give a specific output molecule which after experimentation by can react and neutralize the antigens and these can be introduced onto the surface of the virus or bacteria by the nano sized agents previously introduced. The idea seems far fetched taking into consideration the present advancements in the respective fields but it is achievable considering the exponential growth in the fields in the recent times.

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here are some of the new terms i have came across in my document

plasmonics

it is the study of interactions when electromagnetic field is induced to metal surface

quantum dot

It is a nano-semiconductor small enough to exhibit properties of quantum mechanics

bucky ball

It is one of the important fullerene with formula C₆₀ whose structure resembles a baseball

biovorous

substance capable of converting biological materials into energy

Bottom up method

Building larger objects from smaller building blocks(In case of nanotechnology blocks are atoms and molecules)

Cell pharmacology

Delivery of drugs by medical nano-machines to exact locations in the body

grey goo

A small fictional nano-machine capable of replication, surviving outdoors, and using biomass as rawmaterial. it could severely damage the environment

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Applications of AI :

1) Chemistry: AI can be used in the field of chemistry, the agents can be designed in such a way that it formulates chemicals and tries out different permutations and combinations of atoms and molecules for a specific output for a specific function. This will reduce a lot of man hours and also help the research in chemistry to increase in an exponential rate.

2) Medicine: AI can be used in the field of medicine. Agents can be created that can detect the antigen of an virus or bacteria that enters into the body and react towards them as an artificial antibody, increasing immunity and also decreasing the probability of epidemics. Measures should be taken to make sure that our body doesn't act against the agent

thinking of it as a foreign particle.

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Terms that I have learnt:

a) World Model: It is the specification of all the steps in making an agent, which can make actions and perceive in the real world

b) Action Space or Action Interface: It is all the actions that can be done by the agent in the real world.

c) Percept Space: It is all the things that the agent can perceive, like feeling of height, vision, temperature etc.,

d) Epistemology: This is a study of the kinds of knowledge that  are required for solving problems in the world.

e) Ontology: Ontology is the study of the kinds of things that  exist.

f) Heuristics: It is the way of trying to discover something or an idea imbedded in a program.

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1)My target audience are the people who are genuinely interested in learning about Artificial Intelligence as it has a vast scope and a personal favourite topic of mine.

2)From the feedback of the people who read the articles I posted, I want to know if the way I prepared this list of articles and videos has any flaws or are there any factual or human errors. Also I want to know how did their learning experience go through out the articles and videos that I have posted

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Robots have a wide range of potential applications in manufacturing systems because they are flexible and programmable themselves.. Industrial robots are widely used in manufacturing. Military and police organizations can use robots to assist in dangerous situations. Robots already have a significant role in medicine. Robots can help doctors achieve more precision in the operating room, performing safer, less invasive techniques. Also, we should consider a "robot worker" for those tasks that are hazardous for a human worker. For example - surface treatment with dangerous chemicals and work in the environment that is hazardous.

Robots are increasingly used in manufacturing .

One of the applications that could be implemented is accomplishment of factories with fully automated robots.Though the initial cost of industrial manufacturing robot can seem high but there are many benefits of it. Robots work long hours and handle heavy objects without getting tired or making mistakes, leading to improved quality. Robots help achieve higher production quality at a reduced operating cost compared to manual manufacturing.This application seems to be feasible.

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Vision sensing:It allows a computerized vision system to locate and identify parts with high precision: to read labels, to measure distances, and to perform inspection.

Tactile sensing:Tactile sensing uses simple switches routinely to detect the presence or absence of objects.

Manipulator:It  consists  of  the  base  and  arm  of  the robot, including the power supply, which may be electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic. The  manipulator is the  device  that provides  movement  in  any  number  of  degrees  of  freedom.

Controller:  The  controller  contains  various  interfaces  with both  command  devices  and  sensing  units.  The  controller has  to  define  the  trajectory  of  the  robot  gripper  with  time and  transform  this  trajectory,  which  is  in  Cartesian coordinates,  into  its  base-frame  coordinate  system  and finally into joint movements.

Cognitive system:A cognitive system should be defined by its capability of finding the relationship of some or all the information coming from its inputs (sensors) in order to generate the best (internal or external) outputs after comparing this information with previously "memorized" input-output patterns.

visual modality: It is the ability to see; the visual faculty.

Monotonous: It means lacking in variety; Sounded or spoken in an unvarying tone.

Microcomputers:A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU). It includes a microprocessor, memory, and input/output (I/O) facilities.

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My target audience are the people who have a basic awareness about Nanotechnology

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Your are advised to put a littel more effort.

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Brijendra Sai -Please provide the sale options in your questioner. Your questions are open ended questions and not closed ended.

And your questions don't not fit into the scale mentioned. Change your questions and give appropriate options.

Tejesh - Your last question has to be complete.

Please format a single questioner. Give a brief description to the reader as to why you are collecting the information. And then get basic details like age, sex, DoB.

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1) What is your opinion on the documents I have provided about AI?a) Great
b) Good
c) Could have done more research
2) Does the documents of AI I have provide you with raise an interest in you towards the topic?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Maybe
3) Do you recommend people to read the articles I have posted?
a) Yes
b) No
4) Did this article help you in learning any new thing?
a) Yesb) No(If yes, Explain what did you learn in under 5 lines of text)
5)What is the first thing that comes to your mind when the word is mentioned?

a)help and usefulness

b)science fiction movies

c)future and technology

6)What do you think are the aspects in the development of robotics?

a)positive

b)negative

7)What are the effects of using robots in assembly line works?

a)It reduces human effort

b)It leads to unemployment of assembly line workers

8) how do you define nanotechnology

a)A technology which manipulates individual atoms and molecules

b)A technology which study the length of objects

c)A technology which modifies the structure of material

9) Which application of nanotechnology do you think has been most beneficial to society?

a)computer (DNA chips)

b)Defense and Security (sub-miniature detector)

c)Pharmaceutical technology

d)Information technology (Nanotubes)

e)Nano satellite

10)what do you think about Nanobots

a)Do not exist

b)Exist in experimental form in laboratories

c)Are already used in nano-medicine to remove plaque from the walls of arteries

d)Will come into existence in the near future

11)Do you have any suggestions?

a) Yes

b) No(If yes, feel free to tell them to me in under 5 lines of text)

12) Specify your gender.

a) Male

b) Female

13) What is your age group?

a) Younger than 18

b) 18-25

c) 25-40

d) Older than 40

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My target audience are students and people who have the basic knowledge robotics and also people who are interested in robotics.I would like to know the comments of audience who had gone through the data that i had pos

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I have gone through the following links while collecting the information related to robotics.

1.http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=6499632

2.http://www.ijetae.com/files/Volume3Issue5/IJETAE_0513_126.pdf

Authors for the above article are:

Balkeshwar Singh,N. Sellappan, Kumaradhas P

3.http://www6.in.tum.de/Main/Publications/Lenz2008a.pdf

Authors for the above article are:

Claus Lenz, Suraj Nair, Markus Rickert, Alois Knoll

4.http://www.barrett.com/images/D0AA8A.pdf

Author for the above article:

William T. Townsend

5.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwnUjz4tzJU&list=PLNn4cWvtmhKphC4dBdzFjIKRaB8bAnvNw&index=36

6.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fH4VwTgfyrQ

7.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEVz20X2Kog&list=PLNn4cWvtmhKphC4dBdzFjIKRaB8bAnvNw&index=86

8.http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1451-4869/2013/1451-48691301219T.pdf

Authors for the above article:

ovica Tasevski, Milutin Nikolić, Dragiša Mišković

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Highly intuitive video on the basics of AI

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MIT 6.034 Artificial Intelligence, Fall 2010 View the complete course: http://ocw.mit.edu/6-034F10 Instructor: Patrick Winston In this lecture, Prof. Winston introduces artificial intelligence and provides a brief history of the field. The last ten minutes are devoted to information about the course at MIT.

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The links and books that I have gone through while reading about Artificial Intelligence were:

1) http://ocw.mit.edu

2) Crevier, Daniel (1993), AI: The Tumultuous Search for Artificial Intelligence, New York, NY: BasicBooks, ISBN 0-465-02997-3.

3) What Is AI? – An introduction to artificial intelligence by AI founder John McCarthy.

4) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjZBTDzGeGg

5) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TRv0cXUVQw

6) https://www.edx.org/course/artificial-intelligence-uc-berkeleyx-cs188-1x

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The main article on which i based my whole discussion on is found in this website:

http://ocw.mit.edu/

I searched for journals which are intuitive and simple enough for me to read and understand. I also had to restrict my search journals which were accessible without any subscriptions needed. I collected the information related to the people of significance in research of AI from wikipedia, cross referring it with various other websites with information regarding to a specific person. Some of the

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Who was the major contributor in the research of AI?

John McCarthy is an American computer scientist and a cognitive scientist. He was the one who coined the term ''Artificial Intelligence''. He was one of the members of the conference, where research in AI was founded.He developed the Lisp programming language family, significantly influenced the design of the ALGOL programming language.

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When was the research in Artificial Intelligence started?

The research in field of AI was started in the summer of 1956 on the campus of Dartmouth College, which had people like John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell and Herbert Simon. These were the leaders in AI research for many decades. They made computer programs solve checkers, algebraic problems and also speak English. From then on research in Artificial Intelligence increased in an exponential rate year by year. Even though it faced few problems like the '' AI Winter" which lasted for a few years after 1974, AI has always been a topic of great interest to all sorts of people.

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What are the possible effects on the world due to AI?

Artificial Intelligence is of great use in every possible field of science. Development of AI can lead to a machine led surgery in critical cases and also can provide medical assistance at places there might be a human error possible, owing to a great progress in medical science. It can also be used in human protection, making the world a safer place. It also has further applications in research, in harsh conditions where humans cant survive. It can also be misused in hands of certain group of people. The case where the artificially made machinery becomes so aware that it overthrows its creator for self survival is a daunting possible outcome, which has inspired writers , novelists for their works.

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My source of research on the one of the most significant field of science, Nanotechnology is through internet. I have collected my data from the following articles:

Introduction to Nanotechnology

. by Charles P. Poole Jr. & Frank J.

OwensPlasmonic Metamaterials

http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1312/1312.4614.pdf
. by Kan Yao, Yongmin Liu - arXiv , 2013

http://snf.stanford.edu/Education/Nanotechnology.SNF.web.pdf

http://www.sersc.org/journals/IJUNESST/vol2_no3/3.pdf

http://discovermagazine.com/2010/jul-aug/20-things-you-didnt-know-about-nanotechnology

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WOqEk440JZ8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cG9P8DLuh0U

https://www.aiha.org/aihce07/handouts/rt201krause.pdf

http://www.nano.gov/you/nanotechnology-benefits

http://www.understandingnano.com/nanotech-applications.html

and many more. . .

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I have collected information from the internet. The information about an overview of robotic is taken from the article mentioned below:

ieeexplore.ieee.org/stam

Most of the journals and articles found in internet need subscription. I collected data from journals and articles that are accessible without subsciption

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How does robotics help us?

Robots are useful because they can do many things that humans can't  do. They can perform repetitive work and other tasks that may be dangerous for humans to do. Since they areprogrammable, manufacturing robots work faster and with greater precision than human beings.

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When did robots come into existence?

The history of robots has its origins in the ancient world. The modern concept began to be developed with the onset of the industrial revolution which allowed for the use of complex mechanics and the subsequent introduction of electricity.

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What is robotics?

Robotics is the science and technology behind the design, manufacturing and application of robots.It is the field of computer science and engineering concerned with creating robots, devices that can move and react to sensory input.

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why is small good?

- Faster - Lighter - Can get into small spaces - Cheaper - More energy efficient - Less waste products, and uses less energy and materials to produce - Different properties at very small scale

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What is Foresight's role in nanotechnology?

Nanotechnology has been identified as essential in solving many of the problems facing humanity. Specifically, it is the key to addressing the Foresight Nanotech Challenges:

1. Providing Renewable Clean Energy
2. Supplying Clean Water Globally
3. Improving Health and Longevity
4. Healing and Preserving the Environment
5. Making Information Technology Available To All
6. Enabling Space Development

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Are there any safety or environmental issues with the nanotechnologies in use today?
Concerns have been raised regarding health and environmental effects due to "nanoparticles".Regulatory agencies and standards bodies are beginning to look at these issues and minimized these effects as much as possible.

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Will nanotech be good or bad for peace and security?

It could be very bad. Molecular manufacturing will function as a force multiplier for any military that possesses it. First strike options may be seen as more viable than before. The small size, portability, and rapid potential for proliferation will make nano-built weaponry difficult to control and hard to keep out of the hands of terrorists

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Where is robotics used?

Modern robots are used in a number of industries,ranging from medicine to manufacturing.Robots are capable of such precision that they are used in modern medicine as aids to surgeons. Human beings program medical robots to make incisions at particular sites and depths.

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When and where was the idea of nanotechnology introduced?

The term "nano-technology" had been introduced by the Tokyo Science University Professor Norio Taniguchi  in1974 to describe the precision manufacture of materials with nanometer tolerances

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Add a title to your wall. Mention your section number and team number too.

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Introduction to Robotics :

Robotics is the study of robots.It is one of the emerging branches of science. Robots are now taking the next step a giant step in becoming an intelligent aid to man.Robotics is a highly interdisciplinary field. Most of the large scale industries use assembly line robots.Industrial robotics have emerged as a popular manufacturing methodology in several areas is, including welding, materials transport, assembly, and spray finishing operations.

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INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY:

Before learning about Nanotechnology it is worth noting that properties of substances at nanoscale(when smaller than wavelength of electrons) are completely different due to quantum effects. Nanotechnology has become a big gift to mankind as it has helped every part of society.we now have sophisticated tools to build, characterize and utilize structures at the nanoscale. Nano materials are fabricated atom by atom by a process called bottom-up. Nanotechnology can be applied in almost all of science fields and its most significant importance is in agriculture, industry, medicine and military. The idea behind nanotechnology mainly involves miniaturization of technology. There has been a significant improvement in the field of Nanotechnology in the past few years.

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WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?

Nanotechnology can be considered as the branch of technology which operates at the elemental organisation of atoms and molecules at the sub-micron scale of 1-100’s of nanometers.

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:

What is Artificial Intelligence? It is largely defined as  "the study and design of intelligent agents" which for increasing its chances of success at a situation, perceives its environment. It is a major academic study in today's world. It is also a subject which has a lot of opposition.

Research in this fields includes a lot of technical and specialized skills, reasoning, knowledge, innovation and also logic. The basic claim for the development of AI is that the complex Human Intelligence of Homo Sapiens can be simulated by artificially made machinery. It also has been subject to science fiction in the form of enormous number of Novels, Movies, Short stories etc., We are in a very premature level in the development of AI, but the increase in research and experimentation has been exponential in the past decade.