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Alice Ball was an African American chemist who lived from 1892 to 1916. She had created the first successful treatment known as the “Ball Method” for those who had Hansen’s disease which is also known as leprosy. Leprosy is caused by an infection and it mainly causes skin lesions and nerve damage. Alice Augusta Ball was also the first African American and first woman to graduate with a master’s degree in chemistry from the College of Hawaii. Additionally, she was the university’s first woman and African American chemistry professor.

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"James McCune Smith (1813-1865) was the first African American practice medicine in the United States. He is remembered for his successful work as a physician and for his scholarly writings against slavery."-Encyclopedia.com

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Dr. William Augustus Hinton is known for the development of the flocculation method of the detection of syphilis. This test for syphilis is called the “Hilton Test.” He attended the University of Kansas and was also the first black person to attend Harvard. After attending the Universities, he taught bacteriology and immunology, then he was promoted to clinical professor in 1949.

- People - Black History Month: A Medical Perspective - LibGuides at Duke University Medical Center

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She was the first black, female Neurosurgeon in the US in 1981.

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Mae C. Jemison was the first african american women in space. She was also the first black women admitted to the NASA's astronaut program in which they select candidates to be launched into space. During her space voyage she studied motion sickness and the 0 gravity and weightlessness.

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She was the first African American professional nurse. In Boston, at a 1909 nursing conference, she helped raise awareness about the inequalities faced by other African American who are in the medical field.
https://blerds.atlantablackstar.com/2014/09/24/11-african-american-medical-pioneers-will-make-proud/2/

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A pioneering medical researcher known for his lifesaving ideas of the use of blood plasma. His range of knowledge was applied to blood banks in World War II. At that time, there was segregation between Black and White blood by The American Red Cross, but after he had passed away despite receiving blood transfusions, they ended this segregated blood program.

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Dr. Patricia Bath was born in 1942 and died in 2019. She studied at Howard University and went on to teach at UCLA-Drew. She also did her internship and residency at Harlem Hospital. Dr. Bath gained an interest in ophthalmology after she discovered that blindness was more common among people of color than white people. Then, in 1986 she invented laserphaco cataract surgery, which helped restore vision in blind patients. The surgery used lasers, suction and irrigation to identify and remove cataracts, which are when the eyes’ lenses are cloudy.

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Lloyd Quarterman became famous for his incredible chemistry skills which he used to develop new molecules and chemical compounds through fluoride. He also used his extensive knowledge of Chemistry to purify a highly corrosive gas known as hydrogen fluoride. In order for Lloyd Quarterman to further study this corrosive gas, he created a “window” resistant to the corrosive gas, but his innovation was created from diamonds. Aside from this, he also created a Xenon compound that surprised the world of chemistry because xenon was believed to be a noble or inert gas (does not undergo chemical reactions under specific conditions) and that it could not be combined with other atoms. Furthermore, he worked on the top secret Manhattan Project and was one of only 5,000 African American (out of 50,000 workers) contributors to the project to create the Atomic Bomb. Before his death, he set in motion a plan to create synthetic blood but was unable to do so due to moral and political opposition.

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Mary Jackson worked at NASA as a mathematician and aerospace engineer. She spent most of her career at Langley Research Center and was one of the three "Hidden Figures," Black women who supported the launch of Americans into space.

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"He is known internationally for the development of a flocculation method for the detection of syphilis called the "Hinton Test." Dr. Hinton is also the first African American to hold a professorship at Harvard University. He attended the University of Kansas from 1900-1902 and then transferred to Harvard, graduating from Harvard Medical School in 1912. From 1921-1946, he taught bacteriology and immunology at Harvard before being promoted to clinical professor in 1949." - People - Black History Month: A Medical Perspective - LibGuides at Duke University Medical Center

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Edward Alexander Bouchet was an American physicist and educator and was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. from any American university, completing his dissertation in physics at Yale in 1876.  Bouchet went on to educate and inspire others as a science teacher at a school for black students.

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George Washington Carver was an agricultural scientist who developed hundreds of products with the help of peanuts, soybeans, and sweet potatoes. Some of his inventions include crop rotation, and planting different crops to restore soil instead of single-crop farming.

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Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler was the first African American woman to earn a medical degree and the author of one of the country’s early medical textbooks, titled “Book of Medical Discourses”. After completing her coursework and moving to Richmond, Virginia, she served a community of 30,000 people, many of which were freed slaves or those with no access to medical care.
https://www.livescience.com/amazing-black-scientists.html

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He was a chemist and entrepreneur who figured out how to create medicinal compounds from plant sources including steroids and cortisone in the early 1900s. This made medicine more affordable to mass-produce.

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She was the first African American woman in the United States to earn a Ph.D. in chemistry (awarded by Columbia University in 1947). Daly was a major contributor to cholesterol and high blood pressure research and also worked in characterizing histone proteins.

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George Carruthers was a black astrophysicist, working at NASA in 1972 during the Apollo 16 mission, and being responsible for developing an ultraviolet camera and spectrograph. He earned a masters in nuclear engineering as well as a Ph. D om astronomical as well as aeronautical engineering.

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She was the first African American woman to become a licensed nurse. She studied at The New England Hospital for Women and Children, and was one of four people (out of 42) to pass the program in her year.

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Katherine Johnson was a black scientist at NASA in the 1950's and 60's when we were racing to get to the moon. She was a great mathematician and provided many of the incredibly important orbital calculations required for a safe flight and was not recognized for it for almost 70 years. Without her we may not have made it to the moon on our own, and especially not in the 1960’s. She was eventually recognized, along with her two other hidden colleagues, in the movie Hidden Figures in 2016.

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Dr. Williams, who founded the first black-owned hospital, was the first person to perform a successful open heart surgery.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provident_Hospital_(Chicago)

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Her invaluable legacy can be seen in so many different facets of our life which we do not realize.