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This failed Amendment was proposed to Congress in 1978 but failed ratification by 1985 from Congress. This Amendment would've  repealed the 23red Amendment which gave DC the same amount of votes as the smallest state(s) in the Electoral College but not representation in Congress. This failed amendment represents Constitutional Stability because a proposed amendment failed ratification, so, therefore, a change was prevented.

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The 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution allowed American Citizens to directly elect their senators. Prior to this, state legislators elected their states' representatives for Congress. However this eventually led to many problems within the state legislators how each member of Congress was elected and in the end, this resulted in vacant seats for some states in Congress. The citizens of the U.S. were also upset that they had almost no say in who represented them in Congress, so this was another big reason for ratifying this Amendment. The idea for this Amendment was firs brought to Congress in 1826, but it didn't gain enough support from Congress until 1913. The 17th Amendment represents Constitutional Dynamism because it shows how change based off of conflicts and public outcry can create new Amendments.

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Federalism: Failed Legalization of Medical Marijuanna in Florida

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Federalism: Failed Legalization of Medical Marijuanna in Florida

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In 2014, Florida had a vote on whether or not they would go against the federal and legalize the use of medical marijuana in their state. As each year passes, a large number of states have been legalizing medical marijuana in their state after a few states like Washington and Colorado passed this law in their state in 1998 and 2000. If this law would have passed in Florida, it would have allowed physicians to administer safe amounts of marijuana for their patients to use for their medical conditions. This situation in Florida represents federalism as it is related to Constitutional stability because the state government was using its power to try to create laws and the federal government was creating laws against marijuana use and the state's law failed.

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Seperation of Powers and Checks and Balances: Flag Desceration Amendment 

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Seperation of Powers and Checks and Balances: Flag Desceration Amendment 

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When states or Congress try to make a law that makes flag desecration illegal, the Supreme Court immediately says no to the law. This is because in 2 previous cases, Texas v. Johnson in1989 and US v. Eichman in 1990, the Supreme Court ruled that flag desecration is protected by your first amendment right, so therefore it is completely legal to do. So whenever laws are created in the US that bans flag desecration, the Supreme Court uses its power and these previous 2 cases in order to cancel the law from being made. This shows Constitutional Stability as it relates to checks and balances because the Supreme Court is making sure that no other branch or part of the Government creates laws that violate the Constitution.

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In 2015, the was a shooting in California, and the Government received the dead shooter's phone. However, they were not able to get into it due to the password protections on the phone. The FBI then asked Apple to help them hack into the phone, however, Apple said no because they were afraid that the FBI would continue to ask them to do this in the future. Apple believed that this action would be looking at someone's personal items/information and that by helping the FBI out, the FBI would now be able to hack into any phone that it received. Due to their big disagreement, Apple and the FBI were set to go to court with this issue, however, the Department of Justice claimed that the FBI received help fro a third party host, and they were able to hack into the phone. This situation represents how the principal of limited government was prevented as it relates to Constitutional Stability because the Federal Government was also to do what they wanted without anyone stopping them after going to a third party host for some help.

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The Controlled Substances Act was passed by Congress in 1970.  This law was made to help prevent drug abuse and establish a national standard for how drugs are allowed to be used as well as categorizing drugs based off of their attributes. The Controlled Substances Act was created due to a rising awareness of addictive drugs, public health, and consumer protections. The Controlled Substances Act represents federalism and the Constitutional Dynamism of the U.S. because it caused a better understanding of drug abuse and usage for everyone due to the government at all levels working together.

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Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances: Obergefell v. Hodges

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Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances: Obergefell v. Hodges

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In June 2015, the case Obergefell v. Hodges was brought to the Supreme Court. This case was between Obergefell who felt that his 14th Amendment right (equal protection for all )was being violated because he was not allowed to be a part of a gay marriage in his new state (Ohio). Hodges, on the other hand, was arguing that this was not true because the federal government had left the legalization of same-sex marriage up to the states to decide for themselves. This debate ended with the Supreme Court agreeing with Obergefell and declaring same-sex marriage to be legal in all 50 states. This represents the Constitutional Dynamism as it is related to the principal of separation of powers in our country because the Supreme Court used its power of judicial review and/or reviewing major court cases to bring change to America.

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The Freedom Act was passed in June 2015. This law was made to replace the Patriot Act which allowed the Federal Government to collect phone metadata with help from major cellphone manufacturers like Verizon. The Freedom Act was a result of Edward Snowden's leaked information about the government pertaining to the collection of phone metadata. The Freedom Act prevented the Government from collecting phone metadata as well as limiting their data collection. This represents the Constitutional Dynamism as it relates to the principal of limited government in our country because due to past actions of the Government that citizens hated, the Government now has new limited powers.

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If this Amendment would have passed, it would have turned all declarations of war into a popular vote referendum. This idea for an Amendment was first presented to Congress in 1914 by notable politicians like Democrat William Jennings Bryan. Later, in 1935, Ludlow brought this idea back to Congress, hence its name. Public support for this Amendment grew slowly and became very strong in the 1930s. After the USS Panay was bombed in 1937 by Japenese warplanes, this Amendment was brought back up again in Congress. However, this Amendment failed ratification from congress after Congress surprisingly saw how the bombings caused U.S. citizens to not push towards war but towards peace. This failed Amendment represents the Constitutional Stability of our country as it relates to popular sovereignty because it shows how a country can change its views after a tragic event happens to them and in the end prevent change from happening.

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The 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified in March 1971. This Amendment lowered the previous voting age of 21 down to 18. This is mainly due to young men who were old enough to be in the military but not old enough to vote yet. This idea of lowering the voting age began during World War 2 (the 1940s) and continued to intensify from there. A case concerning this issue was even brought to the Supreme court in 1970 and was called Oregon v. Mitchell. Since this case left the Supreme Court very divided on the issue (decided that Congress could regulate the minimum voting age for federal elections but not for state elections), the support for an Amendment to be passed relating to this issue increased greatly. This, in the end, caused the 26th Amendment to be ratified in 1971. This Amendment being passed represents how popular sovereignty is related to Constitutional Dynamism because the Government created and ratified an Amendment based off of what the citizens of their country wanted and/or what would make the citizens happy.

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This side of the board will examine how the Constitution has created the American system of Government that prevents changes from happening/occurring too quickly.

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This side of the board will examine how the Constitution has created the American system of Government that has been able to change through time.