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The united States President Barack Obama has now permanently banned offshore drilling in most of the US- controlled areas of the Arctic. He also bans most of the areas in the Atlantic Seaboard. This was a move to protect and conserve import marine species and covered the chances of more oil pills. Also this the last effort of the president to keep his environmental legacy against the incoming president taking office in January. This measures were taken due t Trumps promises to increase the oil and gas industry which has declined with the environmental regulations put into place during Obama’s presidency.

This regulations relies on the 1953 law that states the president had the power to stop oil and gas drilling forever in some of the waters that are US federally controlled. this action may be impossible but the law did not include the provision for a  future president to undo the action done by past presidents alsos no president has ever tried to change it. With energy being a main centres the re may be a chance for the law to be changed in the courts or in the Congres.

This decision is a change for Obama which has had the domestic oil production rise in his presidency and who supported the fossil fuels drilling  the arctic to be part of  comprehensive energy plan.ut in the past year he has changed his view.s He has gotten praise from the environmental groups. The energy industry is now to to drilled in these arctic areas which cost a lot of money for these companies that need to explore these areas. There has been criticism by republicans who stated that oil could help the economy and create jobs with this plan stated “Arctic development is one of the best ways to create jobs, generate revenues and refill the Trans-Alaska Pipeline,” said Alaska GOP senator Sen. Lisa Murkowski in response to Obama’s five-year ban last month. “Why the president is willing to send all of those benefits overseas is beyond explanation.”

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In Australia that the Great Barrier Reef has had a record die off. As scientists confirmed this die off they identified the areas that were affected. The worst area was about 700 km of reefs that are in the northern region of the Great Barrier reef. The reef has lost roughly 67% of its shallow water corals in the past 9 months. Luckily, the southern areas had a less death toll and central regions. The region in the north had escaped the prior bleaching that occurred in 1998 and 2001. This area in the north  is consider the more pristine of the Great Barrier Reef. "The good news is the southern two-thirds of the Reef has escaped with minor damage. On average, 6% of bleached corals died in the central region in 2016, and only 1% in the south. The corals have now regained their vibrant colour, and these reefs are in good condition," stated Professor Baird from the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies. These areas have lots of ecotourism which helps the local economy. There was also a bright side when it was discovered in the Great Barrier Reef Marine PArk that there was an offshore in the northern corner that the damage was less severe than most of the northern regions. On average the area could take up to 15 years to recover but many scientist and researchers worry about a fourth bleaching event. Also the reason that that area was saved was there was heat stress that caused upwelling of cool water from the local sea.

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The Bogoslof Island, is the summit of a volcano that is located in six thousand feet of water in the Bering Sea. This area is western and about 40 miles away from the Unalaska, an Alaskan Island. This volcano has been  erupting in the past few weeks which has lead to ash and gases push up into the atmosphere. The latest eruption was on December 30th 2016. The eruption caused ash to be release in the sky which is thought to rise to 20,00 feet.

Michelle Coomb, a geologist as stated that this is the sixth eruption since December 20th and that seismic data has resulted in data that stated that there has been several eruption in the past month. This volcano last erupted in 1992, there was no instruments there since it was protected under the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge. With this restriction scientist have relied on observations with equipment in other locations and satellite imagery. Also, they use data from the World Wildlife Location Network, which has equipment in 40 different locations that detect lightning flashes. With the increased ash clouds surround the volcano, researchers are able to use this network to see when the volcano is erupting. With the images from satellites, scientists can see when the volcanic vents that are found underwater are producing more material which results in changes of the island itself. Dr. Coombs stated that if this continues it could build a cone above sea level. As the change of a large eruption could meet landfall in Unalaska and its port which has roughly a population of 4,000. Although this is rare the ashes fall could be hazardous the population there. The biggest concern of the ash affecting the airplane and that the air travel in that area could be closed. There has been in travel restricts has of yet.

This area is sitting on the Pacific Ocean plate that is subducting under  the North American plate which is where many volcanoes are studied.

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As more food companies and food establishments have stated that they would decrease the amount of antibiotics that are used in their meats and only sell meat that has minimal or no antibiotics at all. Unfortunately there has been an increase of antibiotic usage in the meat industry especially pigs, cows and different species of poultry, like chicken.
Study that was released by the United States Food and Drug Administration has stated hat the antibiotic sale has risen 1 percent in 2015, compared to the prior year in sales. As health organisations including the FDA have urged food companies to use less antibiotics due to the increased chances of bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics.
However, the FDA found that the rate of antibiotics has slowed. Figures from their study has shown that the rise of antibiotics was 4 percent for both humans and animals.
Out of the meat industry the poultry companies have made the most aspiring promises to decrease their antibiotics use. Companies like Perdue Farms and Tyson Food have made statements saying that they are decreasing the amounts of antibiotics in their meats.
Ron Phillips a member of the Animal Health Institute has stated that the bacteria that is found on meat has not shown increase resistance to bacteria in the past few years. However there has been studies that were shown that bacteria in turkeys showed a significant increase of Salmonella that is resistant to different drugs.

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As the summer sun light in the Arctic is lasting for longer in the day ass increased the productivity of the kelp and other type of algae to be working harder and faster than normal. These kelp are actually pulling enough Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere to raise the pH levels in the seawater surrounding it slightly up. Sea water is usually more alkaline than acidic the kelp has increasing the gap between the pH levels. In a study, in an Arctic kelp patch found in Greenland found that the average pH level raised from 8.09 to 8.24 during a ten day period. As further research concluded with more than 21 hours of sunlight this refuge effect will happen.

While climate change will decrease the amount of sea ice in the arctic the better chance that the kelp will be able to survive and flourish which would hopefully increase these refuge areas in the sea where species are able to take refuge from the increasing acidic quality of the oceans surrounding these kelp filled areas. Studies have been conducted to further research the properties of kelp in seawater, one found that even in different coastal conditions with different light levels and baseline pH levels found that fluctuations in pH levels happened and concluded that the kelp makes its own trends in seawater. As the study of ocean acidification is newer in research for now focusing on open ocean impacts of the increasing acidity. While the coastal areas are even more complex compared to the open ocean. The fluctuations of the coastal areas pH is in constant changes due to the night and day time.

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Since the destruction of the World Trade Center, researcher are still finding the impacts of the attack on people’s health. When the towers fell there was a cloud of hazards that engulfed the surrounding areas which coated everyone and everything. Ths was exposed to people for several days. With a new study stating that these clouds of dust may have contributed negatively to birth outcomes for mother in the lower manhattan area. In the study they also contribute to other research that the air pollution exposure in the womb can have negative health impacts on newborn and thse effect could last the lifetime.

In this experiment the researchers looked at birth record in New York city from 1994 to 2004, while isolating the Lower Manhattan area. They also made to their search for women that have ad given birth before which would rule u some anomalies. In the research found moher in the third trimester during the terrorist attack had higher chance of premature birth, Also an increase of newborns with low birth rates that would then lead to risk of diabetes, elevated blood pressure and heart disease. PTSD was ruled out as a factor by comparing the levels of stress across the city. They stated the main reason of these birth defects was the dust cloud which result in air pollution.

This study has further repression for cities that have high air pollutants. With ot of the research n air balloons taking place over long periods of time, the terrorist attack occurred in a set place and time this gives researchers the chance to understand the consequences of this air pollutions. This was the cose thing to a controlled environment to conduct the research. As one researcher stated “That’s the whole reason why this kind of disaster research is useful in a sense, not because this is something that is very representative in general, but because it allows you to identify the effects of pollution,” says Schwandt. “It’s like switch on, switch off.”