# data[].attributes.headline
I can understand 5 schedules of reinforcement.

# data[].attributes.subject
I can understand 5 schedules of reinforcement.

# data[].attributes.body
Continuous Reinforcement- every instance of behavior is reinforced
Ratio schedules- Reinforcement is based on the number of behaviors required
Interval schedules- reinforcement is based on the passage of time
Fixed Schedules- the requirements for reinforcements are the same.
Variable Schedules- provide reinforcers after an unpredictable number of responses.

Fixed Ration examples: giving a child candy EVERY TIME after she cleans her room

Fixed Interval Examples: doing my job for a week and i get my paycheck at the end of the week

Variable interval examples: Checking your phone for text messages, you do not know when you will get a message but you continue to check until you do

Variable ratio examples: I do not win poker every time but must play in order to have a chance

# data[].attributes.body
Learning to be depressed-
Martin Seligman
Steve Maier
Purpose was to see wheter the dogs abilioty to control their situation will affect their willingness to escape
-operant conditioning

dogs were split into groups, stage one the escape group was able to stop the shock by putting their head on the panel

with the no escape group the shock would not stop

the no harness group was not tested in this stage

Learned Helplessness

the dogs who were unable to escape in the first experiment  did not try to escape the shock in the shutter box (two sided box)

Non Ethical?
alot of pain was exerted on the dogs, the dogs could not give consent
It hurt animals

It can help because it leads to show origins of depression and reasons for depression

BOBO DOLL
Albert Bandura - "social learning theory"
learning through interactions is the main way to develop an individuals personality

Some kids saw an adult being aggressive toward a bobo doll (observational)
OR
kids not seeing the adult hitting the doll

childrenn exposed to the violent models did have more violent actions to the bobo doll

male vs female
more male agressiveness, and girls were more likely to use verbal agression while males were physically agressive

non ethical
children were damages psychologically, it was an unhappy experience, the kids could not realize that this was a bad thing to be violent

Revelence- no reinforcemenrt for models or participants

real life examples:
kids picking up swear words from their parents

__________________________________

# data[].attributes.body
Sheldon reinforced good behavior with chocolates. He is using positive reinforcement to get the results he wants. he is wrong because he is not 100% reinforcing the behaviors. It should be of consistent behvaior, also he needs to specify which behavior is wrong vs right. It is a continuous behavior schedule but random at the same time.
Shaping is slowly changing the behavior to what you want them to do.

PAVLOV
classical conditioning
- a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired with one another

Classical conditioning- UNCONSCIOUS RESPONSE
Operant conditioning- CONSCIOUS RESPONSE

Classical conditioning was first discovered from Ivan Pavlov

question to answer:
since conditioned reflexes are not inborn, exactly how are they acquired

Pavlov's theory is proven true

Ethical?
no- the dogs had surgery on them for the salivation tube

generalization
discrimination
^^(opposites)

# data[].attributes.headline
I can understand Garcia & Watson's research studies.

# data[].attributes.subject
I can understand Garcia & Watson's research studies.

# data[].attributes.body
GARCIA
taste aversion- a learned response to eating spoiled or toxic food
John Garcia
Robers Koelling
classical conditioning because of learned behavior based upon association, the rate would avoid the food
-wanted to kknow if omnivored (rats) would be quick to form a relationship between food and illness
The rats were divided (experimental and controling)
They were able to drink the sweet solution then exposed to illness.
Conditioned Stimulus CS- The neutral stimulus which does not cause a response
-When the rats who were in the experimental group were given the sweet syrup again they did not drink it.
It is not ethical
Taste Aversion?
WATSON PRESENTATION
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1hqpXBerC6h2PrGR_u4Hu4LXsufeNW39xXhfDa_eHcdQ/edit#slide=id.p

Notes:
UCS-> UCR
CS + UCS-> UCR
CS->CR

(UCR(s) can be the same or they can be different)
UCS=unconditioned stimulus
CS=conditioned stimulus
CR= conditioned response
(CLASSICAL CONDITIONING)^

little albert
-UCS- white rat before
-UCR- no fear
-CS- Noise (bar)
-CR-Fear from rat (have to say what it is from every time)

Response Strength (conditioning little albert 6 or 7 times)
over time though it will become extinct
Spontaneous recovery (when little albert is scared of Santa when he takes his kids to get pictures with him)
Acquisition- how the fear builds up over time

# data[].attributes.headline
I can understand Thorndike &  Skinner's research studies.

# data[].attributes.subject
I can understand Thorndike &  Skinner's research studies.

# data[].attributes.body
Module 27: Aversion Stimulus

SKINNER
based off of Thorndikes law of effect
studdy learning through condiitoning (operant condiditoning)
reinforcer- something that increases the likelihood that a specified behavior will reoccur
Operant conditioning if a responce is followed by a reinforcing stimulus and ithe strength is increased.
(Skinner Box- small enclosure where response was to be made, a bit of reinforcement)
The rat was shown that when the lever was pressed they would get food, the behavior given this reinforcement would occur more.
With a pigeon- he make a schedule of reinforcement (where reinforcement is available to the subject only some of the time)
fixed ratio= every nth response is reinforces
fixed interval- becomes available after a fixed period of time
Results: Rat- behaviorism is mostly concerned with observable behavior.
Pigeon- they exert powerful control over the behvaior of an organism in a controlled environment
Ethical?
He did not keep them in safe living conditions (starved them) many claimed it was cruel to animals
Relevance?
operant conditioning can be widely applied still today. It is a big impact on any kind of training or breaking bad habits
(stepping stone for future research)
ex. dogs are given treats when they preform the desired task.
THORNDIKE
Edward Lee Thordike
(work on learning theory)
behaviorism and operant condtitioning
Robert S. Woodworth
studying concepts of formal discipline
Operant conditioning- conditioning with consequences
**Created a problem box with a device to unlock the entrance**
Law of Effect?
latency (time) gradually decreases when the cats time of getting out gets shorter and shorter
LAW OF EFFECT- reinforcement principle which states that a positive stimulus is a compelling motivation to maintain a certain behavior.
Ethical?
Not.
similar to skinner
Cats were not kept in good living conditions
Revelance?
controversy still remains, reducing bad habits and reinforcing behavior in children

# data[].attributes.headline
I can work on my project and read Module 27

# data[].attributes.subject
I can work on my project and read Module 27

# data[].attributes.body
Watson
-added article to doc hub
DUE THURSDAY

# data[].attributes.body
I would change how whenever my dog is allowed to he runs away.
-find why the behavior is occurring first
(you cant change somebody's behavior until they know what you want to change)
I would change Chaco's behavior when i reward him for not running away if he was not on a leash and when he does run away I would reprimand him. Positive reinforcement is at play because I would reward him for coming home. Reward-dog treat
** In some ways the behavior modification is done right, because it is done without physical harm. Also, I gave positive reinforcement and negative reprimands**

Systematic Desensitization- slowly allow the subject to warm up to it's fear (phobia)
Aversion Therapy- physically negatively harming a subject in order for them to get the results they want

1- Trial and error
if at first you dont succeed
2- Operant conditioning*
behaviors have consequences
3-classical conditioning*
associative learning
4-observational learning (modeling)*
monkey see, monkey do