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President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, making segregation in public facilities and discrimination in employment illegal.

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Nine Black boys tried for raping two White women. The defendants were hastily and wrongly convicted, but by 1950 all were free by parole, appeal, or escape.

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The Ku Klux Klan had 3 million members during its heyday in the early 1920s. Roughly half its members lived in metropolitan areas, and although it enjoyed considerable support in the South, the Klan was strongest in the Midwest and Southwest. On August 8, 1925, 35,000 members of the Klan marched down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C.

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In Plessy v. Ferguson, the United States Supreme Court established the "Separate but Equal Doctrine," holding that legal racial segregation does not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment.

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The United States Supreme Court ruled in Civil Rights Cases of 1883 that the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was unconstitutional. The Court ruled that the 14th Amendment prohibited states, but not citizens, from discriminating. This civil rights reversal was devastating for African Americans.

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In 1882, at least 49 blacks were lynched. According to Tuskegee Institute data, 3,438 blacks were lynched between the years 1882 and 1951.

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the Congress forbade the use of the Army to protect black voters from the intimidation and physical violence with which they were regularly threatened at the polls.he final and decisive law that effectively ended the legal practice of Jim Crow was the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

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The 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, outlawing slavery.

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Punch was the first African in Virginia to be enslaved for life.