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a Florentine who lived in the 1300s, was early renaissance humanist, poet, and scholar. He assembled a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts in monasteries and churches.

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Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the Metropolitan City of Florence. It is the most populated city in Tuscany.

-The most important Italian city-state was Florence; In this wealthy trade city, the Renaissance began

-Florence was home to the Medici family, the wealthiest & most powerful bankers in Europe

-The Medici used their wealth to commission art for themselves & to beautify Florence

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Laid the egg that Martin Luther hatched. Was a critic of the Church, however he did not want to break away from the Church.

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Wrote the Prince. The Prince is about politics. "The end justifies the means."  Machiavelli described immoral behavior, such as dishonesty and killing innocents, as being normal and effective in politics. He even seemed to endorse it in some situations.

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The towering figure of Renaissance literature was the English poet and playwright William Shakespeare. Between 1490 and 1613, he wrote 37 plays that are still performed around the world

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An English humanist. Pressed for social reform. Utopia describes an ideal society in which men and women live in peace and harmony. All would be educated, and justice is used to end crime rather than to eliminate the criminal.

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helped spread Renaissance humanism to a wider public. He called for a translation of the Christian Bible into the vernacular.

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One of the first northern artists to be profoundly affected by Renaissance Italy. He became a pioneer in spreading Renaissance ideas to northern Europe. He owned methods influenced artist in Italy.

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wrote a guide for rulers on how to gain and maintain power

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described the manners, skills, learning, and virtues that a member of the court should have. Castiglione's ideal courtier was a well-educated, well-mannered aristocrat who mastered many fields, from poetry to music to sports.

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printed the first complete edition of the Christian Bible using a printing press with movable type.

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-He improved perspective and realism by studying Leonardo & Michelangelo
-Raphael became the favorite painter of the Pope because of his amazing detailed paintings showing a combination of famous Greeks & Romans along with Renaissance people

-Raphael’s greatest painting was “School of Athens” which blended Classical figures from Greece & Rome with important people from the Renaissance

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-He was a painter, sculptor, architect, & poet
-His sculptures & paintings showed realism, detail of the human body, & expression to show personality & emotion

-Michelangelo sculptures “Pieta”& “David” are considered masterpieces

-Michelangelo’s greatest work is the 130 ft x 44 ft ceiling of the Sistine Chapel  which shows Biblical images of amazing detail, power, & beauty

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-He was a painter & sculptor whose art was known for incredible realism & emotion.
-He was also an inventor & scientist whose sketches reveal observations about human anatomy & new engineering technology
-His “Last Supper” shows Jesus’ last meeting with the 12 apostles before the crucifixion; the facial expressions, detail, emotion made it a masterpiece
-Leonardo da Vinci’s greatest masterpiece was the “Mona Lisa” which was known  for its emotion & depth

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Johan Gutenburg
Albrecht
Erasmus
Thomas More
Shakespeare

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Florence
Leonardo
Michelangelo
Raphael
Baldassare Castiglione
Nicollo Machiavelli
Petrach