# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary List
1) amid: (공포가 느껴지는) 가운데에
2) anticipated: 기대하던
3) leeway: 자유재량
4) unveil: 발표하다
5) exempt: 면제하다
6) in accordance with: ~에 부합하여
7) be likely to:~할 가능성이 있는
8) side effect: 부작용
9) virtual: 가상의
10) attendance: 출석
11) relief : 안도
12) sporadically: 우발적으로
13) temperature: 체온
14) social distancing: 사회적 거리
15) infection: 감염

Summary
Because of COVID-19, schools start the new year with hopes and concerns, keeping the policies for students' safety. The teachers and principals expect the new-released vaccines, but, at the same time, they prepare and postpone the schedule to run the school flexibly. Moreover, most parents hope the school offers regular schedules this year because they were concerned with their children who haven't enough chance to interact other friends at school.

My Opinion
After reading  the article, I think about the difficulties of the teachers and parents in that both are worried about the students' safety. At first, I agreed with online learning because it made us more safer. However, if the schools continue the virtual learning, the students even young children can lose their opportunities to make a new friend and enjoy the usual school life.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
South Korean schools opened for the new school year Tuesday amid a mix of anxiety and hopes, as the country is still fighting against the third wave of the pandemic, but much-anticipated vaccinations have finally begun.

The Ministry of Education has said it would expand in-person classes this year, by giving schools more leeway and revising the government's health protocols on COVID-19 at schools.

In a policy unveiled in late January for school operations for the first half of the year, the ministry exempted day care centers, kindergartens and classes for first and second graders at elementary schools from the rules for attendance. It was designed to offer more in-person instructions to young kids most in need of adjusting to school life.

The exemptions apply up until Level 2, the middle level of the country's five-tier restriction system.

The greater Seoul area is currently under Level 2, and the rest of the country is under Level 1.5.

Under the Level 2 rules, the school attendance cap is set at one-third for elementary and middle schools, but it can be relaxed to two-thirds depending on the situation of the pandemic. At high schools, it is set at two-thirds.

With the exemptions, preschoolers, first and second graders of elementary school will go to school every day. Like last year, high school seniors are also exempt from attendance cap requirements.

The rest of the students will have a hybrid of remote and in-person learning, similar to the schedules of last year.

The shift in policy was made in accordance with scientific findings that younger children are less likely to fall seriously ill with the coronavirus and concerns over various side effects of long-term virtual learning and a widening learning gap, the ministry said.

The ministry also relaxed the definition of small schools to those with 400 students or fewer, from 300 students or less. Small schools and schools for kids with special needs are allowed to decide on school attendance on their own until Level 2.5.

"It is a relief that we can have in-person classes as soon as the school opened for the new school year," said a vice principal at a middle school in Cheongju, North Chungcheong Province. "But I feel like we are treading on thin ice with the unabating COVID-19 conditions."

At Towol Elementary School in Changwon, South Gyeongsang Province, kids were spotted arriving at school sporadically from 8:30 a.m. due to a staggered starting time.

Their temperatures were checked at the school entrance and again at their classrooms. Teachers were seen giving students instructions on social distancing and mask wearing.

"There weren't many difficulties preparing for the opening, as we had in-person instructions throughout last year," teacher Kim Beom-jun said. "I am happy to see my students well and healthy."

A sixth-grader at Galsan Elementary School in Incheon, 40 kilometers west of Seoul, said she "feels a bit awkward to come to school after a month away but arrived earlier than usual to meet new friends."

A parent of a kindergartner from Dongducheon, north of Seoul, hoped the school offers regular and full-time schedules this year.

"There wasn't much chance for my kid to make new friends at school last year, so I really hope it runs smoothly this year," the parent said. "Also, hopefully there are no more abrupt changes of schedule" that makes working parent households suddenly have to juggle work and child care.

A mother of a third-grader at Geumhwa Elementary School in Seoul said, while she was relieved that school openings will help narrow learning gaps and reduce her kid's sense of disconnect, she was also worried about possible infections.

"I think other parents will feel the same way," she said.

Last year, the start of the school year was postponed twice to May as the country was struggling to contain the first wave of the pandemic.

With better preparedness for the coronavirus and the start of the vaccination campaign, however, the country is pinning high hopes on resuming some sense of normalcy into the second year of the unprecedented pandemic.

On Friday, the government started vaccinating patients aged under 65 at nursing homes and workers there.

Jeong Eun-kyeong, commissioner of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), said during a daily briefing Monday that the agency was discussing with the ministry whether to advance the vaccination schedules for school nurses and teachers at special education schools.

While she was open to discussions, she said, "It will hinge on the supply conditions of the vaccine."

According to the country's vaccination plan, teachers and workers at education related facilities and institutes will get vaccinated sometime in the third quarter. (Yonhap)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
A year into pandemic, new school year starts amid hopes, concerns

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
South Korean schools opened for the new school year Tuesday amid a mix of anxiety and hopes, as the country is still fighting against the third wave of the pandemic, but much-anticipated vaccinations have finally begun. The Ministry of Education has said it would expand in-person classes this year, by giving schools more leeway and revising the government's health protocols on COVID-19 at schools.

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary list
1) national chains: 전국
2) viral: 바이러스의
3) purse: 지갑
4) advertise: 광고하다
5) throughout: ~내내
6) marked: 두드러진
7) advisory: 자문
8) habit: 버릇
9) purchasing: 구매
10) tech: 기술
11) powerhouse: 발전소
12) president: 대통령
13) merchandising: 상품화
14)  sale: 판매
15) commerce: 상업

Summary
In New York City, Candy store’s sales suddenly increased. The reason is ‘TikTok’. Candy was advertised on TikTok, people bought it. After that, candy stores planned to sell advertisements on TikTok. Amazon which has a global market use TikTok. They use it that TikTok users check best seller books on TikTok to encourage purchase. For example, greatly influenced by TikTok, A woman(Covarrubias) showed her heart-shaped wallet on TikTok and talked about her affection for the wallet. Then people who watched the video bought the same wallet, and the wallet was sold out. Since then, Kate Spade, a wallet company, has provided Covarrubias to a free wallet and asked her to post a video on TikTok instead. In this way, the company not only provides free goods, but also pays TikTok producers for advertisements. This phenomenon, Hana Ben-Shabat said that is powerful purchase tool to Z-generation because TikTok looks like real. She compared TikTok to Instagram which posted only perfect pictures and told most people trust familiar or realistic story. Shopping on social media sites is called social commerce, which has a $37 billion market in the United States. According to eMarketer, this is mostly from Instagram and Facebook, and due to TikTok's influence, it is expected to make $80 billion in profits by the end of 2025. TicTok is developing so that users purchase the products in the app. Sandie Hawkins who is TicTok’s general manager said “a new kind of shopping experience come to life that’s been driven by the TikTok community.”

My Opinion
I usually access SNS such as TikTok and Instagram on my smartphone. I thought it was all about posting his or her own dances, songs, and daily lives, and sometimes giving their own tips and communicating with people. However, most of the tips and products in the video they uploaded were advertisements or support.  If you look at the article, TikTok may not have been used as a medium for advertising from the beginning. However, as SNS such as TikTok caught the eye of companies as a good media to promote to people, it is thought that advertisements have increased since then. Reading this article, I felt that among the marketing strategies, it was important to promote them in various places faster than anyone else, and especially in modern times, the use of media that can be easily accessed with smartphones was important. I think the marketing team's promotional strategy is also the most influenced by the world's trends.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In the United States, national chains are setting up TikTok areas. Their goal is to get TikTok’s mostly young users into stores.

# data[].attributes.headline
친구 게시글에 댓글을 남길땐 꼭! 학번과 이름을 남겨주세요 :)

# data[].attributes.subject
친구 게시글에 댓글을 남길땐 꼭! 학번과 이름을 남겨주세요 :)

# data[].attributes.body
자신이 올린 글이 수정되지 않는 경우, 그냥 무시하고 새로 글로 작성한 후 꼭! 학번과 이름을 남겨주시면 선생님이 다시 합쳐드립니다.

# data[].attributes.body
자신의 진로와 연관된 영어기사를 찾은 후 관련 분야 키워드 아래 기사 링크를 첨부한 후
(1) 기사에 모르는 단어 최소 15개 이상 정리
(2) 기사 내용 요약하기
(3) 기사에 대한 자신의 의견 간단하게 쓰기
(4) 친구들이 포스팅한 기사를 5개 이상 보고 자신의 생각을 댓글로 남기기

# data[].attributes.body
<자신의 희망 학과 혹은 직업 _ 학번 이름>

Vocabulary List

1)영어단어: 뜻

2) ~ …15개 정리

Summary

기사 요약~

My Opinion

기사에 대한 자신의 의견 ~

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary List
1) trilogy 3부작
2) waning 줄어드는
3) stumble 비틀거리다
4) buckle 휘어지다
5) pounce (공격하거나 잡으려고 확) 덮치다
6) coffin 관
7) promoter 기획자, 프로모터
8) tibia 정강이뼈
9) undergo 겪다
10) surgery 수술
11) martial 싸움의
12) rubber match 결승전의
13) undisputed 반박의 여지가 없는
14) establish 확고히 하다
15) insult 모욕하다
16) karma 업보
17) explective-laden 욕설이 가득한

Summary
This article is about McGregor and Poirier's lightweight championship match. The article contains the contents of the game, McGregor's injury during the game, and the Trash Talk before the start of the game. Finally, the article ends with the content of the past match between McGregor and Foirier.

My Opinion
The game is well described in detail in the article. I think it's good that the two fighters seem to be in conflict for a long time, referring to the games before third match.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
American brawler Dustin Poirier overpowered Conor McGregor on Saturday in Las Vegas, winning their lightweight UFC trilogy fight by a TKO after the Irishman appeared to snap his left leg in the waning moments of the opening round.The fight was officially ruled as a "doctor's stoppage" at the end of the first round after a bloodied McGregor swung and missed a punch then stumbled backwards, his lower leg grotesquely buckling under him near the edge of the octagon. Poirier then pounced on a helpless McGregor, raining down a series of punches and elbows until McGregor was saved by the bell in front of the capacity crowd at the T-Mobile arena. "This guy was saying he was going to murder me and kill me. I am going to leave here in a coffin," said Poirier. "You don't talk to people like that. I hope this guy gets home safe to his beautiful family."Promoters said afterwards that McGregor's injury was to his lower tibia and that he was expected to undergo surgery on Sunday to repair the damage.

The scheduled five-round rubber match was expected to settle the score and complete the trilogy between the former two-weight UFC champ McGregor and his longtime rival Poirier, who now looks set to get a shot at an undisputed title and establish himself as one of the sport's superstars.There was plenty of bad blood between the two in the lead up to their third fight. McGregor insulted Poirier's wife in a tweet and told Poirier he was going to leave the ring in the box.Instead McGregor had to be carted out on a stretcher after doctors stabilized his leg.Poirier said the fight settled the score between the two and his payback was karma."This guy is a dirt bag," Poirier said. "Sometimes these things happen."In an expletive-laden interview inside the octagon as he waited for the stretcher to take him out, McGregor insisted he was winning the fight when the freak accident happened."I was boxing his bleeding head off. Kicking his bleeding leg off. This is not over," said McGregor, who has had just one win in four and a half years.In 2014, McGregor knocked out Poirier in under two minutes and Poirier returned the favour in January, demolishing McGregor with a second round KO.It was the first time a capacity crowd has attended a UFC fight in Nevada since the Covid-19 pandemic. With the United States lifting restrictions across the country, fans are returning to sporting events. (AFP)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
McGregor loses to Poirier again after suffering leg injury

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
American brawler Dustin Poirier overpowered Conor McGregor on Saturday in Las Vegas, winning their lightweight UFC trilogy fight by a TKO after the Irishman appeared to snap his left leg in the waning moments of the opening round.The fight was officially ruled as a "doctor's stoppage" at the end of the first round after a bloodied McGregor swung and missed a punch then stumbled backwards, his lower leg grotesquely buckling under him near the edge of the octagon.

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary
1. traditional - 전통의

2. universiade - 유니버시아드

3. secure - 안심하는

4. diagnose - 진단하다

5. bronze - 청동

6. slovenia - 슬로베니아 공화국

7. messe - 메쎄

8. second - 제2의

9. medal - 메달

10. assessd - 재다

11. penalty - 처벌

12. ranked - 지위

13. championships - 선수권 대회

14. semifinals - 세미파이널

15. falling - 낙하

Summary
At the 2121 Tokyo Olympics, South Korea's +80kg player In Kyo-don won the bronze medal. In Kyo-don was diagnosed with malignant lymphoma seven years ago, but returned immediately and won a silver medal at the 2015 Summer Universiade. He won a bronze medal at the 2017 World Championships and ranked second in the Tokyo Olympics.

My opinion
I've been enjoying Taekwondo since elementary school.
So I had a dream of becoming a Taekwondo player without realizing it. I was so happy to win the gold medal in the first competition. Next time, I'll play on a bigger stage.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
CHIBA -- In Kyo-don won the bronze medal in men's taekwondo on Tuesday, for only the second medal in its traditional martial art for South Korea at the Tokyo Olympics.

In defeated Ivan Konrad Trajkovic of Slovenia 5-4 in the bronze medal match of the men's +80kg event at Makuhari Messe Hall A in Chiba, east of Tokyo.

This is the second taekwondo medal for South Korea so far at the Tokyo Olympics. Jang Jun won bronze in the men's 58kg last Saturday.

In, 29, was diagnosed with malignant lymphoma seven years ago, but returned to competition soon after and captured silver medal at the Summer Universiade in 2015.

He won bronze at the 2017 world championships and came into the Tokyo Olympics ranked No. 2 in the world.

In won his first two matches before falling to Dejan Georgievski of Macedonia in the semifinals.

With a bronze medal up for grabs, In landed a kick to Trajkovic's head for a 3-0 lead with 28 seconds left in Round 1.

A "gam-jeom," or a penalty point, assessed to Trajkovic gave In a 4-0 lead. The Slovenian cut it to 4-2 and his late punch, plus a gam-jeom assessed to In, made it a 5-4 contest. But the South Korean held on for dear life over the last 11 seconds to secure his first Olympic medal. (Yonhap)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
[Tokyo Olympics] In Kyo-don wins bronze in men's taekwondo

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
CHIBA -- In Kyo-don won the bronze medal in men's taekwondo on Tuesday, for only the second medal in its traditional martial art for South Korea at the Tokyo Olympics. In defeated Ivan Konrad Trajkovic of Slovenia 5-4 in the bronze medal match of the men's +80kg event at Makuhari Messe Hall A in Chiba, east of Tokyo.

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary List

1) discipline 규율, 훈육
2) athlete (운동)선수
3) manege (힘든 일을) 간신히 해내다, (어떻게든) 하다
4) relatively 비교적, 상대적으로
5) journey (특히 멀리가는) 여행
6) buzzer 버저
7) opponent (게임·대회·논쟁 등의) 상대
8) thrilling 황홀한, 흥분되는, 아주 신나는
9) decrease (크기수 등이) 줄다[감소하다], 줄이다[감소시키다]
10) stature 지명도, 위상
11) perspective 관점, 시각
12) ongoing 계속 진행 중인
13) globalization 세계화
14) refugee 난민, 망명자
15) international 국제적인
16) equipment 장비, 용품
17) necessary 필수의

Summary
This article describes the Taekwondo competition at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. The article starts with a statement that Korea did not win any single medal from an event of Taekwondo at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. If someone does not read this article carefully, one may think that the article is criticizing Korea's failures. If you read and understand well about the article, it may bring you different thoughts. Many national teams do their best in their Olympics. However, they can't always get the results they want. Most people cheer when the team of their country comes back after winning a gold medal. On the other hand, when the team wins a silver or bronze medal, they get disappointed. Sometimes, the team receives criticism for not winning a gold medal in their home country's representative sports. After all, it comes to the result that the sport of our country is becoming a global sport. There are many reasons why Taekwondo is so popular around the world. One of the reasons is that it does not require expensive equipment. For example, there will be fewer opportunities and less participation in the sport that requires high-price equipment. Therefore, Taekwondo is becoming an attractive sport for people who are not affordable with the professional infrastructure and pricey equipment. Therefore, what I understood after reading this article is that Taekwondo is becoming a sport that allows people from many countries for various reasons.

My opinion
After reading this article, I had time to think about society these days and people remembering only the first place. More and more of these phenomena may bring an individualistic society. Individualism often brings excessive competition or somewhat negative aspects in many parts of our life. It is also equivalent to sports. Sport is an amazing thing that many people gather and run towards the same goal. This article breaks the bias that people easily get about the result of the Olympics.  It states that the symbolization of our country Taekwondo is becoming global and beloved by various countries. From now on, I realized that I can always think no matter what from a broader and newer perspective rather than thinking negatively.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The 2020 Tokyo Games marks the first time in Olympic history that Korea has failed to win a single gold medal in Taekwondo across all disciplines.

A number of medals were still won - all by athletes who were competing in their first Olympics.

Jang Jun took home bronze in the men's -58 kilogram on Saturday by comfortably beating Hungary's Omar Salim, 46 points to 16.

On Tuesday, In Kyo-don did the same in the men's +80 kilogram, managing to eke out a 5-4 victory against Slovakia's Ivan Konrad Trajkovic.

In the women's +67 kilogram, Lee Da-bin made it to the finals, but had to settle for silver, with Serbia's Milica Mandic winning in a relatively close 10-7 victory, also on Tuesday.

The highlight of Korea's Taekwondo journey in this year's Games perhaps came earlier that day, when Lee made national news by landing a buzzer beater of a kick onto her opponent in the very final second of her semifinal match for a thrilling 25-24 comeback win. That she pulled it off against Great Britain's Bianca Walkden, ranked No.1 in the world in the +67kg category, only added to the drama.

Some may feel Korea's decreasing stature within the competition - solely in terms of silverware - might be a bad thing. From the wider perspective, however, the fact that so many other nations are starting to find their place and claim glory in the sport speaks to the success of Taekwondo's ongoing globalization.

At this year's Games, seven different countries - Russia, Italy, Croatia, Serbia, Uzbekistan, Thailand and the United States - are going home with at least one gold medal in hand. A total of 61 countries, plus three refugee team athletes, competed.

One reason for Taekwondo's enduring international popularity is that it does not require expensive equipment, making it a highly appealing Olympic sport for nations without access to the pricey, specialized infrastructure necessary for some other competitions. Both Taekwondo and judo offer a shot at some silverware for countries that may not be in a position to contest many other Olympic sports.

BY JEON YOUNG-JAE [jeon.youngjae@joongang.co.kr]

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
No gold but plenty of reason to be proud as Taekwondo wraps up

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The 2020 Tokyo Games marks the first time in Olympic history that Korea has failed to win a single gold medal in Taekwondo across all disciplines. A number of medals were still won - all by athletes who were competing in their first Olympics.

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary list
1) scheme 제도, 계획
2) despite ~에도 불구하고
3) region 지역, 지방
4) phase 단계
5) equivalent 동등한
6) nursing 간호직
7) certificate 증명서
8) laboratory 실험실의
9) government 정부
10)  quarantine 격리
11) ventilating 환기시키는
12) infections 전염병
13) accumulative 축적된
14) normalcy 정상 상태
15) gradually 점차적으로
16) operating 운영하는

Summary
Central Disaster Management Department in judged move on because korea people more than 70% have been vaccinated. and started from November 1st, Monday with COVID-19 policy step 1. There are 3 levels. Disappearing most business hours limit In the first levels. also disappearing from after November 22nd that The academy was limited to 10 o'clock. Regardless of whether or not vaccination, meetings are allowed up to 10 peoples in Seoul and 12 in other regions. However, restaurants and cafes allowed Up to 4 peoples. A "vaccine pass system" employed because of fear of the spread of the virus. Here, the vaccine pass refers to a system that can authenticate the vaccine. After You can go in. ex) Bathhouse, karaoke, nursing home, etc. In this way, Korea is implementing the first stage of With Corona.

My opinion
At first, I thought positively of With Corona, but not now. I know that self-employed people are having a hard time and suffering, but I thought it was not a good policy because Many people are infected with COVID-19 after implementing with Corona.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Starting Monday, the "With Corona" scheme will allow 10 to 12 people to gather socially and most businesses to operate 'round the clock, despite daily infection rates of over 2,000 in recent days.

Under the first stage of Korea's three-phase "With Corona" strategy, the equivalent of the outside world's "With Covid" measures, limits on operating hours will be removed for most businesses starting Monday, which includes restaurants and cafes, theaters, PC bang (internet cafes), noraebang (singing rooms) and indoor sports facilities.

Clubs and bars that allow dancing will be required to close at midnight, and even that will be lifted in the second phase set to begin around mid-December. Curfew on hagwon (cram schools), set at 10 p.m. in the greater Seoul area, will be lifted from Nov. 22, after the Korean CSAT (College Scholastic Ability Test). The greater Seoul area consists of Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon.

Social gatherings will be allowed for up to 10 people in the greater Seoul area and up to 12 people in other regions, regardless of vaccination status. In restaurants and cafes, however, unvaccinated people will be limited to gatherings of four.

Places where the virus could spread more easily will require a "vaccine pass," a Covid health pass system similar to those used overseas, for entry. This includes noraebang, bathhouses, indoor sports facilities, clubs and bars that allow dancing, casinos, nursing homes and senior citizen communities.

Vaccine passes can be a digital vaccine certificate from the COOV mobile application, a paper certificate or a sticker from local community service centers on ID cards. An unvaccinated person must present a negative PCR test result from the previous two days to get into those places.

People under the age of 19, those fully recovered from Covid-19 and individuals who cannot get a vaccine for medical reasons won't be required to present a vaccine pass or a negative result.

As the passport system has met some resistance, the government will not implement it until Nov. 7, or until Nov. 14 for indoor sports facilities such as gyms and table tennis courts.

Mass events, including conferences, weddings, funerals and birthday parties for one-year-olds, a common Korean custom, will be limited to 100 people if they include unvaccinated people. If everyone has a vaccine pass or a recent negative test, the cap will be eased to 499 people.

The second phase is set to begin by early or mid-December, according to the Health Ministry, depending on its assessment of the first phase using the number of Covid-19 patients in critical condition and Covid-19 deaths. The second phase will be given a month or a month-and-a-half trial period, after which health authorities will make another assessment and decide whether to allow the country to move to the third phase.

In the third phase, there will be no restrictions on the number of people allowed to gather for personal social gatherings or for mass events.

In unveiling the three-phase "With Corona" scheme on Friday, the Central Disaster Management Headquarters, an inter-ministry bodies created to address the pandemic, said that since more than 70 percent of the population was fully vaccinated, "the time has come to move forward."

"The inoculation rate of 70 percent of the nation was quickly achieved [...] and the government judged that the time has come to move forward with a new daily life together with all the people who have cooperated with the government's quarantine policy," said the headquarters in its statement on Friday.

As of Saturday, 75.3 percent of the population was fully vaccinated, according to Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA).

The Ministry of Education also announced plans for a phased return to normalcy for schools, and to have classes operating as they had before the pandemic by the spring semester.

Education Minister Yoo Eun-hye announced new measures Friday to allow all kindergarten to high school students to fully attend schools from Nov. 22, and universities to gradually expand face-to-face lectures from Monday.

Currently, all students are attending classes in person in areas at Level 3 and below in the four-tier distancing scheme. Non-capital regions are at Level 3 or below.

Schools in regions under Level 4 restrictions - Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi - are allowed to offer in-person teaching with an attendance cap of one-half for third to sixth graders; two-thirds for middle schoolers; and 50 to 100 percent for 10th and 11th graders.

The attendance rate in non-capital regions was 94.4 percent and in the greater Seoul area 69.1 percent as of Tuesday.
Under the new measures, student capacity based on the social distancing levels will disappear, and all regions will be able to have full in-person classes from Nov. 22 after the Korean CSATs. If the number of virus cases increases dramatically, schools will be able to reduce the cap to three-fourths for third to sixth graders and two-thirds for middle to high schoolers.

With classes back to normal, schools are set to expand outdoor physical activities, group discussions and small-scale hands-on activities.

From the spring semester, full in-person classes will be held in all schools across the country. All extracurricular activities, afterschool classes and overnight field trips will be allowed.

Universities will resume in-person classes gradually from Monday.

The current antivirus measures in universities will be kept during the fall semester. They allow small classes, laboratory courses and other kinds of instruction requiring hands-on teaching to operate in-person.

The nationwide relaxation of the Covid-19 social distancing measures come, however, amid rising cases.

The average of daily cases in the past week was 1,829, which was 34 percent higher than the week before, according to Jeon Hae-cheol, minister of the interior and safety.

"Large and small outbreaks continue throughout the country, including an outbreak in hospitals in South Gyeongsang, and the possibility of spikes in cases related to gatherings for Halloween Day is also high," Jeon said during a government meeting on Sunday.

Health authorities were put on alert as a total of 166 people were found infected as of Saturday at a psychiatric ward in a hospital in Changwon, South Gyeongsang, of whom at least 133 were breakthrough cases. According to the Changwon city government, three people - one hospital workers and two patients who were in contact with the employee - tested positive on Thursday. The hospital has been put under cohort isolation since Thursday.

"As thorough quarantine management is essential for the stable and continuous implementation of the gradual recovery of daily life, we ask that you continue to observe the quarantine rules in everyday spaces, such as wearing a mask indoors and outdoors, and regularly ventilating indoor spaces," Jeon.

Korea added 2,061 new cases of Covid-19 infections on Saturday, of which nine were imported, according to the KDCA. Of the local cases, 756 were based in Seoul and 700 in Gyeonggi.

The accumulative caseload as of Saturday was 364,700. A total of 25,303 patients were being treated as of Saturday, of whom 332 were in critical condition.

A total of 19 people died from Friday to Saturday, bringing the total number of deaths to 2,849 at a 0.78 percent death rate.

BY ESTHER CHUNG [chung.juhee@joongang.co.kr]

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Korea's 'With Corona' return to normal starts Monday

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Starting Monday, the "With Corona" scheme will allow 10 to 12 people to gather socially and most businesses to operate 'round the clock, despite daily infection rates of over 2,000 in recent days. Under the first stage of Korea's three-phase "With...

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary List
1. pope (로마 교황)
2. purposes(목적)
3. Biden(바이든)
4. audience(청중)
5. prayers(기도)
6. together(함께)
7. vaccination(백신 접종)
8. international(국제적인)
9. willing(자발적인)
10. Mario(마리모)
11. population(인구)
12. Nations(민족국가)
13. pledge(약속)
14. leaders(지도자들)
15. Hungary(헝가리)

Summary
Meeting between President Moon and Pope of Rome

My Opinion
looking at the meeting between pope francis and president moon, it seems that the relationship between korea and the vatican is good.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
President Moon Jae-in and U.S. President Joe Biden met briefly on the sidelines of the G-20 summit in Rome on Saturday and discussed Moon's request to Pope Francis that he visit North Korea for humanitarian purposes.

"The pope prayed for peace on the Korean Peninsula and said that he would visit North Korea if invited," Moon was quoted by his office to have told Biden during their two- to three-minute encounter.

The office added that Biden in return congratulated Moon for "making progress" on the Korean Peninsula issue.

The two last met in June during the G7 summit in Britain. Despite Korea's expectations of an official U.S.-Korea summit taking place on the sidelines of the G-20 summit, an official summit did not take place as of press time Sunday.

Moon met with the pontiff at the Vatican on Friday, their second encounter. Moon and the pope first met in 2018, also at the Vatican, during which time Moon extended an invitation from North Korean leader Kim Jong-un for the pontiff to visit Pyongyang. North Korea and the Vatican do not have diplomatic relations.

Pope Francis said he was willing to make such a visit, an affirmation he repeated during his meeting with Moon on Friday, according to Moon's office.

"I hope that the efforts to engage North Korea to dialogue will continue," Pope Francis told Moon, according to the Blue House. "We are praying for peace and unification of the Korean Peninsula. If an invitation comes from North Korea, I am willing to visit for the people of the Peninsula and for peace."

The pope added, "I carry the Korean people in my heart," when Moon told him about the role the Catholic church played in Korea's democratization process.

Moon held a private audience with the pope followed by an open meeting with his aides, during which time Moon and the pope exchanged gifts. Moon presented the pope with a cross made with barbed wires from the demilitarized zone separating the two Koreas, which were melted and reshaped. The pope presented Moon with a commemorative plaque that depicts St. Peter's Square, produced by the Vatican's workshop, and a booklet containing photos and prayers.

Moon, visiting Italy for the G-20 summit held from Saturday to Sunday, gave a speech on the importance of multilateral cooperation in combating the pandemic together.

"There is a huge disparity in the number of Covid-19 vaccines by country," Moon said at session on international economy and health at the summit on Saturday. "Without increasing vaccination rates in all countries [...] it will be difficult to fully recover."

Moon emphasized that Korea is willing to provide "direct assistance to countries with vaccine shortages," and stated its pledge to donate a total of $200 million to supply vaccines for lower-income countries through the Covax Facility, the World Health Organization's vaccine-sharing mechanism.

The session concluded with G-20 countries agreeing to ensure that 70 percent of the world's population is vaccinated by mid-2022.

Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi, in opening the summit on Saturday, emphasized that only 3 percent of the population in developing countries have received at least one shot of vaccine, compared to 70 percent of the population in developed countries.

Moon was also scheduled to attend on Sunday a special meeting with the G-20 heads on the global supply chain, hosted by Biden.

From Monday to Tuesday, Moon will attend the United Nations 26th Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, Scotland, where he is scheduled to announce Korea's new 2030 nationally determined contribution (NDC) targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40 percent from the country's peak in 2018.

In the third and final leg of his Europe trip, Moon will make a three-day visit to Hungary from Nov. 2. This will be the first visit by a Korean president to Hungary in 20 years, since former President Kim Dae-jung.

Moon will hold talks with Hungary's President Janos Ader and with Prime Minister Viktor Orban on Nov. 3, and will meet with the leaders of the Visegrad Group (V4), the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia in Budapest on Nov. 4, before concluding his European tour on Nov. 5.

BY ESTHER CHUNG [chung.juhee@joongang.co.kr]

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Moon pushes for pope's visit to Pyongyang

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
President Moon Jae-in and U.S. President Joe Biden met briefly on the sidelines of the G-20 summit in Rome on Saturday and discussed Moon's request to Pope Francis that he visit North Korea for humanitarian purposes. "The pope prayed for peace on...

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Food delivery companies are implementing speedier one-order-per-delivery systems, but the convenience comes at a price.

An emergency meeting was recently convened at Woowa Brothers, the company that operates food delivery application Baedal Minjok. It's not that less deliveries are made on the application. According to market trackers Wise App, Wise Retail and Wise Goods, transactions on Baedal Minjok totaled 13.9 trillion won ($11.9 billion) during the Jan-Sept period, up 90 percent on year.

Orders made on the Baedal MInjok application in August surpassed 100 million for the first time, according to the company.

More people are ordering, but the problem of delivery fees remains unsolved.

Woowa Brothers in June introduced the Baemin One system, limiting riders to carrying one order at a time. Delivery riders receive a higher fee of some 6,000 won per order under the system. Previously, one delivery worker was assigned multiple orders - usually five at a time - and delivered them all at once for a fee between 3,000 to 4,000 won per order.

One rider delivering one order means customers spend less time waiting for their food, and many have been using the system. About 30 percent of orders on Baedal Minjok are made via the one-order-per-driver system.

The company initially announced it will receive a brokerage fee of 12 percent and a delivery fee of 6,000 won per order - a cost the restaurant and customers pay together, which is then given to the rider. However, Woowa Brothers has been holding an open-ended promotion that levies a cheaper brokerage free of 1,000 won per order and a 5,000-won delivery fee.

The promotion lowers the delivery fee restaurants and customers need to pay, attracting more users to the app. But Baemin One riders need to be given 6,000 won per delivery regardless of the promotion, and the 1,000-won difference is paid by Woowa Brothers.

Coupang Eats was earlier to the trend, first starting the one-order-per-delivery system in 2019. The application announced it will receive a brokerage fee of 15 percent and a delivery fee of 6,000 won, but has also been offering a promotion. It's brokerage and delivery fees are the same level as Baedal Minjok's. The promotion was intended to last three months, but is still being continued today.

Although companies are having a hard time coping with excessive promotions, they have no choice but to continue if they want to win over customers.

Coupang Eats has been financing itself with the help of Coupang Inc., its parent company in the United States. The U.S. company issued shares three times this year - in April, July and October - to finance Korea's Coupang with over 910 billion won.

"Coupang and Baemin are both worried that they'll lose competitiveness the minute they fail to take the lead in the new single-delivery market, like what happened in the United States," said an official working for a food delivery company. "Both companies will be frustrated from increasing losses, but it will be hard for them to stop the promotions that are hurting them."

San Francisco-based DoorDash became the leading player in the United States with a food delivery market share of 55 percent in 2021 after it implemented Own Delivery, a one-order-per-delivery system. Uber Eats follows with a market share of 22 percent.

Some expressed concerns for the future of the industry.

"Restaurants are angry about high fees, but the companies operating food delivery applications are also suffering from losses," said Koo Tae-eon, a lawyer at law firm LIN. "This means that the market isn't healthy."

BY LEE SOO-KI, LEE TAE-HEE [lee.taehee2@joongang.co.kr]

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Single-order delivery service comes at a hefty cost

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Food delivery companies are implementing speedier one-order-per-delivery systems, but the convenience comes at a price. An emergency meeting was recently convened at Woowa Brothers, the company that operates food delivery application Baedal Minjok. It's not that less deliveries are made on the application.

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary list
1) negotiation : 협상
2) massacre : 대학살

3) guilty : 죄책감이 드는

4) prosecution : 기소, 검찰, 고발, 구형

5) infamous : 악명 높은
6) traumatic : 정신적 외상을 초래할 정도의, 대단히 충격적인
7) victims : 피해자
8) prosecutors : 검찰관, 소추자
9) slay : 살인(살해)하다
10) attorney : 변호사, (사업, 법률적 문제의)대리인
11) pursuit : 추격, 추적, 뒤쫒음
12) emphasize : 강조하다
13) lengthy : 너무 긴, 장황한
14) penalty : 처벌, 형벌
15) deserve : ~을 (당)해야 마땅하다

Summary
This article reports the 2018 Florida School Massacre.
This is an incident in which 17 people were slaughtered in a suburban high school. According to other news materials, he was already expelled for violating school rules before the crime.The shooting is a terrible incident that shocked not only the United States but also people from other countries who have heard the news.

My Opinion
I remember being shocked when I first heard this incident on the news. Of course, I know there have been several shooting incidents other than this case, but the fact that an adult criminal shot and killed a classmate for no reason is still shocking after time. and upon hearing this news, I reconsidered whether the permission to own guns was the right policy, and furthermore, I learned a little about why gun possession is illegal in Korea.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A last-minute court hearing is set Friday in Florida for Nikolas Cruz, the man police said has confessed to the 2018 massacre of 17 people at a suburban high school.

The hearing in Broward County Circuit Court was scheduled abruptly Thursday and does not describe the purpose. But WSVN-TV reported without citing sources by name that Cruz will plead guilty to all 17 murder counts against him. Cruz's attorneys did not respond to calls, texts and emails from The Associated Press.

Cruz also would plead guilty to 17 counts of attempted murder at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High in Parkland, according to the report. The hearing is before Circuit Judge Elizabeth Scherer, court records show. No trial date had been set.

Cruz would still face a jury to determine whether he gets the death penalty or life in prison, the report said. Prosecutors have always insisted that Cruz deserves death for the slayings.

The Broward County state attorney's office issued a statement Thursday night saying Cruz's lawyers would have to comment on any possible guilty plea.

"We have to refer all of your questions to the defense," the state attorney's statement said. "There have been no plea negotiations with the prosecution. If he pleads guilty, there would still be a penalty phase."

Preparations have been ongoing for what would be the biggest murder trial in Broward County history, and one of the most infamous crimes ever in Florida.

Cruz, 23, was arrested about an hour after the attack with an AR-15 semiautomatic rifle on Valentine's Day 2018.

His lawyers have repeatedly offered to plead guilty in return for a guaranteed sentence of life in prison, but prosecutors have refused to drop their pursuit of the death penalty. A guilty plea would both avoid a traumatic, lengthy trial and still allow a jury to decide Cruz's fate.

Much of the penalty phase would likely focus on Cruz's mental condition at the time of the slayings, with prosecutors emphasizing their horrific nature and Cruz's intensive planning beforehand.

Tony Montalto, president of the Stand With Parkland group that represents the families of the victims, said Thursday night that neither he nor any parent he has spoken to has been informed that Cruz would plead guilty, but he is not surprised. Montalto's 14-year-old daughter died in the shooting.

"There is very little doubt he murdered my beautiful daughter, Gina, or the 16 other victims. There is very little doubt he shot the other 17 people and terrorized all the other students at the school. We just hope the system gives him justice," Montalto said.

When asked if he believes Cruz deserves the death penalty, Montalto said, "As a society, we need to disincentivize to the maximum extent possible anyone from attacking our schools, whatever form that takes."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Hearing Set Abruptly in 2018 Florida School Massacre Case

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A last-minute court hearing is set Friday in Florida for Nikolas Cruz, the man police said has confessed to the 2018 massacre of 17 people at a suburban high school. The hearing in Broward County Circuit Court was scheduled abruptly Thursday and does not describe the purpose.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
opposition : 반대 의견
announce : 발표하다












안철수 3선 출마

비주류 정당에서는 안철수에 출마에 대해 반대했다.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
박신일 진로영어 단어 or 내용정리

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary
1.respect. 존중하다
2.discusses.논의하다
3.exploration.탐험
4.audiences.관객들
5.vying.경쟁하는
6.award.상을주다
7.upcoming.다가올
8.circumspect.신중을 기하는
9.importance.중요성
10.discussions.토론
11.philosophical.철학적
12.choose. 선택하세요
13.affiliate.제휴시키다
14.described.서술된
15.process.과정

summary
Pixar is Mexican culture respect them
children to heavy death story tell that's the way movie Coco production team His grandmother died movie big feel it
Last The staff's family photo It's decorated

My Opinion
The article read Disney Pixar they are in a movie emotion put it in children to good
Impact to give movie to make i'm touched by that.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
‘Coco’ sings with a deep respect for Mexican culture: Director Lee Unkrich discusses how to tell heavy stories to kids

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Disney-Pixar’s exploration of Mexican culture has stolen the hearts of audiences around the world. Following its win of the Golden Globe for best animated feature film, the movie is vying for the best animated feature and best song awards at the upco

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Korean weightlifter Lee Seon-mi finished fourth in the women's +87 kilogram event on Monday evening at Tokyo International Forum, bringing her journey at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics to a close after narrowly missing out on a medal.

At this year's Games, Korean weightlifting had yet to medal in any event.

Considering how China's Li Wenwen all but secured the gold medal for herself early on by lifting 140 kilograms in her third snatch, setting a new Olympic record, only two medals were realistically up for grabs for most of the night.

Yet with Lee's final record of 125 kilograms in the snatch turning out to be the third best overall, the possibility of a silver or bronze medal started feeling very real.

In the clean and jerk, however, Lee could only manage to finish with a record of 152 kilograms after her third try of 155 kilograms went awry. It turned out to be not enough.

Great Britain's Emily Jade Campbell heaved 161 kilograms on her last clean and jerk, overcoming her lacking performance in the snatch (122 kilograms) and shooting to the top spot.

The United States' Sarah Elizabeth Robles, who came second in the snatch (128 kilograms), again performed slightly better than Lee in the clean and jerk as well (154 kilograms), finishing just one kilogram behind Campbell and five ahead of Lee.

Lee was holding onto third place when Li had not even started yet. Lee would not medal.

Li lifted 180 kilograms in her third clean and jerk, finishing at a whopping 37 kilograms above Campbell and securing the gold. The silver went to Campbell, and the bronze to Robles.

BY JEON YOUNG-JAE [jeon.youngjae@joongang.co.kr]

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Lee Seon-mi narrowly misses medal in women's +87kg

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Korean weightlifter Lee Seon-mi finished fourth in the women's +87 kilogram event on Monday evening at Tokyo International Forum, bringing her journey at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics to a close after narrowly missing out on a medal. At this year's Games, Korean weightlifting had yet to medal in any event.

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary List
1)attraction 명소,매력
2)curate 목사보,부목사
3)abroad 해외로
4)interrelation 상호 관계
5)agent 대리인
6)ecosystem 생태계
7)select 선발하다
8)previously 이전에
9)commercial 상업의
10)dotted 점으로 뒤덮인
11)coastline 해안 지대
12)scattered 드문드문
13)facilities 설비,시설
14)surrounding 인근의,주위의
15)abandoned 버려진,유기된

Summary
this art is busan’s llawang beach.

it was transformed into an outdoor art gallery and it has been on display for a long time at an art festival.has invited “Non-/Human Assemblages” llawang beach has been selected as the site for the Sea Art Festiva.which has previously been held in better-known and  includes Dadaepo Beaches and Haeundae Gwangalli.

My opinion
when I looked up career English materials in the Korean times,I choose this article because this work looked good and visilble.And it's because I'm interested in art.And I like to travel in my life,so my favorite area came out, When I read this article,I was surprised that there are mysterious works of art  in Korea. Next,I learned from this article that there is an art festival even though I have seen many famous local specialty festivals.Next,it is interesting to hear that the artwork here is also included in the waters of Gwangalli.If I have a chance later,I would like to see this artwork.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
By Park Han-solIlgwang Beach in Busan, one of the many popular tourist attractions in the southern port city, was transformed into an outdoor art gallery, Saturday, as part of the month-long Sea Art Festival 2021.This year's event, curated by artistic director Ritika Biswas from India, has invited 36 artists from here and abroad to present 22 pieces exploring the timely theme of "Non-/Human Assemblages" ― the fluid interrelations among the human agents and non-human sea and its ecosystems.This is the first time that Ilgwang Beach has been selected as the site for the Sea Art Festival, which has previously been held in better-known and commercial locations, including Haeundae, Gwangalli and Dadaepo beaches, since its founding in 1987.The artworks are dotted not only along the sandy beach's coastline, but also scattered throughout various facilities within the surrounding fishing village and town to better represent the core message of the ever-present interaction between human and non-human entities.The notable installations include Kim Kyung-hwa's "Narratives from the Hadal Zone," a gigantic egg-like structure built from abandoned pieces of lacquerware wardrobes; Bangladeshi artist Joydeb Roaja's "Liquid Roots," which visualizes the connection between threatened nature and the precarious lives of the native population in the Bay of Bengal; and the duo Jiandyin's "The Old Pines: Becoming of the Seaside Village" that is reminiscent of the old, lush pine forest that used to cover the Ilgwang Beach region.The Sea Art Festival 2021 runs through Nov. 14.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Busan's Ilgwang Beach becomes outdoor art gallery

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
By Park Han-solIlgwang Beach in Busan, one of the many popular tourist attractions in the southern port city, was transformed into an outdoor art gallery, Saturday, as part of the month-long Sea Art Festival 2021.This year's event, curated by artistic director Ritika Biswas from India, has invited 36 artists from

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary List
1) manufacturing 제조업
2) continuously 계속해서
3) hesitate (확신이 안 서서) 망설이다
4) beaten 두들겨 맞은
5) granted 인정해[맞아]
6) disciplined 훈련 받은
7) criticism (좋지 못한 점을 지적하는) 비판
8) guarantee 굳은 약속
9) protection 보호
10) measures 방안
11) orphanage 고아원
12) preschooler 취학 전의 아동, 보육원 아동
13) malnutrition 영양실조
14) comprehensive 포괄적인, 종합적인
15) proper 적절한, 제대로 된
16) rigorous 철저한, 엄격한
17) gymnastic 체조의, 체육(상)의
18) chapped 튼, 갈라진

Summary
The U.S. department of labor said a report titled '2020 list of goods produced by child labor or forced labor'. according to reports, children are being used in North Korea to make cement and iron. North korea has laws that guarantee the rights of children. but the laws doesn't do its job.  also in north korea, child abuse often occur in day care center.
in north korea, there is a group gymnastics performance called the glorious country.
But to prepare for the large-scale show, North Korea mobilizes children and teenagers for rigorous training

My Opinion
through this article , it was revealed that the children in north korea are still not properly respected. It was unbelievable that the daycare centers that were supposed to protect the children abused them in order to raise them smartly.
I hope that North Korea's awareness of children's human rights will soon improve and that it will receive stronger corporal punishment for child abuse

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
On October 1, the U.S. Department of Labor said that North Korea mobilizes children to produce bricks, cement, coal, textiles and iron. In its report about the 2020 List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor, the department pointed out that North Korea uses child labor to make goods in a wide range of areas. These include mining, stone-cutting and manufacturing, ranking fourth among more than 70 countries in terms of the number of types of goods produced in that way.

Today, we'll talk about children's rights and child abuse in North Korea, one of the serious issues that the international community has continuously raised. Let's hear from Kang Mi-jin, a reporter at the online newspaper Daily NK.
A North Korean defector said that most North Koreans do not hesitate even for a second to hit children when they think it is necessary. Another defector said that it is common for North Korean children to be beaten when they make a noise or make a scene at public places like stores or on the bus. Parents, in particular, justify the act of hitting their children in the name of the so-called "rod of love," which, in many cases, is nothing but violence. The same is true of teachers. According to defectors, such violence against children is not a problem in North Korean society, as parents and teachers take it for granted that children should be disciplined. But amid repeated international criticism of child abuse in North Korea, more emphasis has been placed on children's rights in the country since 2014.
North Korea does have a law guaranteeing children's rights. Article 43 of Children's Rights Protection Act prohibits abuse or violence against children within the family. Article 27 states that parents have a duty to bring up their children in an intellectual, moral and healthy way. Also, North Korea specifies various legal measures aimed at protecting children in a wide range of laws concerning family, childcare, education, medicine and infectious disease prevention as well as civil law.

In reality, however, the laws are ineffective and the government does not take any protective measures against domestic violence. It is said that children-related laws exist in North Korea, but children's rights do not.
Article 72 of North Korea's Constitution stipulates that children who have no means of support are entitled to material assistance. Article 18 of Childcare Education Law also states that children who are not under the protection of parents shall be taken care of at nurseries and orphanages. North Korea claims that children are the kings and queens of the nation and upholds the principle of "the best for children." The country actually has an 11-year compulsory education system. It provides free education to all children and sends all preschoolers to daycare centers and kindergartens. Despite the laws and systems, many North Korean children have suffered from malnutrition, or even starved on frequent occasions. These cases threaten children's right to live.
Children often fall victim to child abuse at daycare centers as some teachers physically and mentally abuse the weak children who have poor speaking skills. Even the heads of some centers join the harsh treatment. Unfortunately, there are no proper measures to prevent child abuse at daycare centers and kindergartens.
Those who are loyal to the party and have revolutionary spirit are selected as daycare center teachers. When the teachers say they hit children because they wanted the kids to learn about their dear leader correctly and grow decently, they are not punished. In South Korea, daycare center teachers suspected of doing something bad to children are investigated by the police or the centers' CCTV footage is examined. But in North Korea, teachers hitting children, not to mention parents, are not considered a serious issue. Therefore, it is difficult to resolve the problem of violence against children in a comprehensive way. Some parents even ask teachers to beat their children more for proper education.
North Korea holds a mass gymnastics show on important occasions, including the former leader's birthday and the government foundation day. The nation mobilizes up to 100-thousand people to showcase a dazzling performance of synchronized gymnasts and dancers and colorful flip-card displays. The most famous mass gymnastics event was "Arirang," which was occasionally held until 2013.

Afterwards, North Korea continued its mass gymnastics performance under a different title, "The Glorious Country."

But to prepare for the large-scale show, North Korea mobilizes children and teenagers for rigorous training, stirring controversy over child abuse. Many point out that the harsh training constitutes a violation of the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child, which North Korea ratified in 1990.
One of my distant relatives participated in the gymnastics show. The training for acrobatic exercises was so hard that the child even wet his pants and the soles of his feet were chapped. Some children suffered from a bladder infection because they had to squat down on the cold floor to eat and hold their bladder for so long during the practice session. School classes are suspended temporarily. Typically, the training starts from 6 in the morning and lasts through 10 p.m. Even five- to six-year-olds are mobilized for this training to take part in a show that lasts over one hour. It's unbelievable, isn't it? More than 20-thousand North Korean children spend so much time in preparing for the show. And as a result, they have little time to study. Years ago, one boy found that his mother was very sick in the morning. But he had to attend the rehearsal of the show. Sadly, he couldn't even be by his mother's side when she passed away late in the evening.
On November 27, 2019, a North Korean human rights group called People for Successful Corean Reunification released a report about North Korea's child abuse. According to the report based on the testimonies of some 150 North Korean defectors, the child abuse situation in North Korea has improved little by little.
The report found that 70 percent of North Korean respondents who were born between 1949 and 1964 experienced corporal punishment when they were young, while only 19 percent of defectors who were born between 1997 and 2013 said so. This is a significant change. One of the reasons is the low birthrate in North Korea. These days, many families only have one child each. Little wonder the parents love their child like the apple of their eyes and there are much fewer cases of physical child abuse than before. Another reason can be found in foreign media programs, including South Korean ones, which have flowed into the reclusive country since the early 2000s. The inflow of foreign culture and some elements of a market economy, that the communist state has adopted, have contributed to decreasing the number of child abuse cases. However, the problem has not been resolved completely.
The KidsRights Foundation, which is an organization dedicated to children's rights based on the Netherlands, released the KidsRights Index 2020 on June 4. The index evaluated five domains, that is, the right to life, health, education, protection and the enabling environment for child rights, in a total of 182 countries. In the index, North Korea came in 111th, up from 122nd last year, raising hopes for some improvement.

North Korea is a signatory to the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the international community is paying keen attention to the issue of children's rights in the county. Here's hoping that children's rights will be protected properly in North Korea.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
On October 1, the U.S. Department of Labor said that North Korea mobilizes children to produce bricks, cement, coal, textiles and iron. In its report about the 2020 List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor, the department pointed out that North Korea uses child labor to make goods in a wide range of areas.

# data[].attributes.body
vocabulary list
1.disadter   참사
2.headquarters  본사
3.unveiled  발표하다
4.nomalcy  정상임
5.blueprint  계획
6.senior  고위의
7.citizen  시민
8.passport  여권
9.implement  시행하다
10.cap  집단
11.threshold  한계점
12.utilization  이용
13.kindergarten  유치원
14.four-tier  4단계
15.extracurricular  이외의
16.resumption  재개
17.caseload  담당 건수
18.breakthrough  돌파구
19.cohort  집단
20.curfew  통행금지령
21.ministry 부처
22.bid  명령하다
23.antivirus  바이러스 퇴치 용인

summary
‘with corona’ will be implemented from NOVEMBER 1
most besiness wew open until midnight.
People were able to gather from 10 to 12 people after being vaccinated.
However, a "vaccine pass" is required in blocHowever, if everyone has been vaccinated, it will be limited to 499.ked areas.Events with non-vaccinated people are limited to 100. However, if everyone has been vaccinated, it will be limited to 499. From November 1st, schools will also have face-to-face classes. The government has lowered the emergency planning standard to 75% for intensive care units and beds.

my opinion
I have a bad idea for 'with corona'. This is because implementing these policies allows many people to contact for a long time and to cause greater transmission because they think they will not get COVID-19 just because they have been vaccinated. In addition, people do not wear masks well because they have been vaccinated against COVID-19. I think the number of COVID-19 confirmed patients will increase if the "with corona" policy is implemented without wearing masks well.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
"With Corona" starts Monday, with 10 to 12 people allowed to gather socially and most businesses permitted to operate 24 hours a day.

The Central Disaster Management Headquarters unveiled the final plan for a phased return to normalcy - much like the "living with Covid" measures being implemented in other countries - on Friday, with slight changes from Monday's blueprint.

The four-tiers of social distancing measures, which were applied in each region based on their number of infections, will be applied uniformly nationwide.

Under the first stage of the three-phase "With Corona" strategy beginning Nov. 1, limits on business hours will be removed for most facilities. Clubs and bars that allow dancing will be required to close at midnight, and even that will be lifted in the second phase set to begin around mid-December. Curfew on hagwon (cramschool) will be lifted from Nov. 22, after the Korean CSAT (College Scholastic Ability Test).

Social gatherings will be allowed for up to 10 people in the greater Seoul area - Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon - and up to 12 people in other regions, regardless of vaccination status. The government earlier said it would allow up to 10 people to gather nationwide. In restaurants and cafes, unvaccinated people will be limited to gathering of four.

Facilities where the virus could spread more easily will require a "vaccine pass," a Covid health pass system similar to those used overseas, for entry. This includes noraebang (singing rooms), bathhouses, indoor sports facilities, clubs and bars that allow dancing, casinos, nursing homes and senior citizen communities.

Vaccine passes can be a digital vaccine certificate from the COOV mobile application, a paper certificate or a sticker from local community service centers on ID cards. To get into those places, an unvaccinated person must present a negative PCR test result from that previous two days.

Those 18 and under, people fully recovered from Covid-19 and individuals who cannot get a vaccine for medical reasons won't be required to present a vaccine pass or a negative result.

As the passport system has met some resistance, the government will not implement the rule until Nov. 7, or until Nov. 14 for indoor sports facilities such as gyms and table tennis courts.

Mass events will be limited to 100 people if they include unvaccinated people. If everyone has a vaccine pass or a recent negative test, the cap will be eased to 499 people.

The government also lowered the threshold for the "emergency plan" to be initiated when there is a risk of the medical system collapse, from 80 percent to 75 percent ICU and hospital bed utilization.

In line with the government's "With Corona" scheme, the Ministry of Education also announced plans for a phased return to normalcy for schools, in a bid to have classes operating as they had before the pandemic by next year's spring semester.

Education Minister Yoo Eun-hye announced new measures Friday to allow all kindergarten to high school students to fully attend schools from Nov. 22, and universities to gradually expand face-to-face lectures from Nov. 1.

Currently, all students are attending classes in person in areas at Level 3 and below in the four-tier distancing scheme. Non-capital regions are at Level 3 or below.

Schools in regions under Level 4 restrictions - Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi - are allowed to offer in-person teaching with an attendance cap of one-half for third to sixth graders; two-thirds for middle schoolers; and 50 to 100 percent for 10th and 11th graders.

The attendance rate in non-capital regions was 94.4 percent and in the Seoul metropolitan area 69.1 percent as of Tuesday.

Under the new measures, student capacity based on the social distancing levels will disappear, and all regions will be able to have full in-person classes from Nov. 22 after the Korean CSAT ends. If the number of virus cases increase dramatically, schools will be able to reduce the cap to three-fourths for third to sixth graders and two-thirds for middle to high schoolers.

With classes back to normal, schools are set to expand outdoor physical activities, group discussion classes and small-scale hands-on activities.
From the spring semester next year, full in-person classes will be held in all schools across the country. All extracurricular activities, afterschool classes and overnight field trips will be allowed.

Universities in Korea will resume in-person classes gradually in line with the country's adoption of "With Corona" strategies from Nov. 1.

The current antivirus measures in universities will be kept during the fall semester. They allow small classes, laboratory courses and other kinds of instruction requiring hands-on teaching to operate in-person.

The Education Ministry designated the winter semester as a pilot period for the transition into face-to-face classes, advising in-person classes as much as possible and a full resumption of in-person teaching by s spring semester.

With Korea set to ease virus restrictions from next week, daily Covid-19 cases remained above 2,000 for a second day on Friday.

The country reported 2,124 new Covid-19 cases on Friday, of which all but 30 were locally transmitted, according to the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA).

The accumulative caseload now stands at 360,536.

Health authorities were put on alert as a total of 121 people were found infected in just two days at a psychiatric ward in a hospital in Changwon, South Gyeongsang - most were breakthrough cases.

According to Changwon City on Friday, three people - one hospital workers and two patients who were in contact with the employee - first tested positive on Thursday.

As of 11 a.m. Friday, 118 more infections were added through additional virus tests, raising the total infections to 121.

Of the reported cases, 88.5 percent, or 107 people were breakthrough infections, or a fully vaccinated person catching the virus, as they completed their vaccinations between May and June, city officials said.

The hospital has been put under cohort isolation since Thursday. A total of 560 tests were conducted, with 250 testing negative. The rest are awaiting results.

BY SEO JI-EUN [seo.jieun1@joongang.co.kr]

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Return to normalcy begins Monday, key restrictions lifted

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
"With Corona" starts Monday, with 10 to 12 people allowed to gather socially and most businesses permitted to operate 24 hours a day. The Central Disaster Management Headquarters unveiled the final plan for a phased return to normalcy - much like the "living with Covid" measures being implemented in other countries - on Friday, with slight changes from Monday's blueprint.

# data[].attributes.body
crewmembers:승무원
potensial:잠재적인
suffered:고통받는
threats:위협
attack:공격
launcher:launcher시키는것
operation:작용
remember:생각해 내다
successfully:성공적으로
pirates:해적
ship:배
vividly:선명하게
during:동안
from:으로부터
commandos:코만도스

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Defense Ministry yesterday released vivid testimonials by members of the Underwater Demolition Team and commandos of the Navy Seal unit dispatched to rescue the 21 crewmembers of the Samho Jewelry held by Somalian pirates for seven days in th

# data[].attributes.body
<Vocabulary>
operator:조작하는사람
departing:출발하는
surpassing:빼어난
threshold:문턱
nosedive:급락
pandemic:전국적인 유행병
expectation:예상
scheme:계획
normalcy:정상임
restraints: 억제법
strict:엄격한
airport:공항
period:기간
montly:매월의
nation:국가

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Incheon International Airport, the main gateway to South Korea, has seen a sharp recovery in the number of inbound and outbound travelers over the past two months amid the country's push for a "Living with COVID-19" plan. According to Incheon International Airport Corp., the state-run operator of the airport, the number of international travelers departing or landing via Incheon jumped 44 percent, compared with a year earlier, to some 338,000 in August.It was the first monthly figure surpassing the 300,000 threshold in 16 months since the number nosedived to the 100,000 range in April last year with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.The number fell to 287,000 in September, and that figure still represented a 46-percent rise from a year earlier. The number totaled 183,000 in the first 19 days of this month, raising expectations it could top the 300,000 mark again.The monthly average number of international flights at the airport in August and September soared to 10,789 from 8,775 recorded during the same two-month period last year, according to the airport operator.The number, however, remains a far cry from 2019 when the monthly average of international flights stood at 33,675. The monthly average of international travelers using the airport came to some 588,000 that year. After nearly two years of strict social distancing restraints to fight the pandemic, South Korea is gearing up for a "Living with COVID-19" scheme, aimed at bringing the nation gradually back to the pre-pandemic normalcy. (Yonhap)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Incheon International Airport reports fast recovery in traveler flow in past 2 months

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Incheon International Airport, the main gateway to South Korea, has seen a sharp recovery in the number of inbound and outbound travelers over the past two months amid the country's push for a "Living with COVID-19" plan.

# data[].attributes.body
vocabulary list
1) unveiled 공개
2) semester 학기
3.)distance 거리 (distancing 거리두기)
4) scheme 계획
5) attendance 출석
6) adjustment 조정
7)restrictions 제한
8) operating 운영하다
9) measure 측정하다
10) ministry 내각
11) infections 전염병
12) faculty 학부
13) independent 독립의
14) Minister 장관
15) agencies 기관

summary
Students will attend classes in person up to the second highest level of the country's four-step distancing plan.
At the highest level 4, schools can provide face-to-face education with attendance limits.
The Ministry of Education said it agreed after discussing with health experts on its original plan to run face-to-face classes for all schools despite the highest level of social distancing measures amid no signs of a decrease in the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases.
The reason why the measures have been eased is that the Ministry of Education believes that there are not many cases of mass infection in schools despite the recent spread of COVID-19 patients.

my opinion
Even in the midst of the spread of corona, I was surprised that only 15.9 percent of the schools were infected, and I think that the full attendance of students was a good choice for the With Corona era. I think it is a necessary choice for the socialization of students and the importance of direct education, but it may be a dangerous challenge to send all schools to school amid the continuing occurrence of confirmed students.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
In-person classes for kindergartens to high schools will be kept, even under the highest level of social distancing, the Education Ministry announced Monday.

The Ministry of Education on Monday unveiled its latest plans for the upcoming fall semester, which will start in late August.

Under the renewed plan, all students will attend classes in person up to Level 3, or the second-highest level of the country's four-tier distancing scheme.

In the highest Level 4, schools are allowed to offer in-person teaching, with an attendance cap.

This attendance cap will be set at one-half for third to sixth graders in elementary school, two-thirds for middle schoolers and one-half for high schoolers.

Kindergartens, first and second grades and special education schools will continue to be exempt from attendance limits, as well as high school seniors who are set to be fully vaccinated by Aug. 20 to take the College Scholastic Ability Test, or CSAT.

The ministry, however, set the first two to three weeks of the fall semester as an adjustment period, and are allowing students with higher demand for in-person teaching, such as first and second graders and high school seniors, to come back first.

During this adjustment period, when schools reopen from the third or fourth week of August, until Sept. 3, elementary schools in areas that are under Level 4 restrictions will have only first and second grades attend in person, and third to sixth graders will receive remote classes online.

The attendance cap will be one-third for middle schoolers. First-year and second-year students in high school will take turns having in-person classes, along with high school seniors who will always attend on-site classes.

For schools in other regions under Level 3 during the adjustment period, first and second graders will go to school every day, while three-fourths of third to sixth graders will be allowed.

Two-thirds of middle school students will go to school, and either one-half or all first-year and second-year high schoolers will return.

The ministry has been stressing from June the need to get all students back into the classroom.

Under the ministry's previous plan announced in late June, all schools were told to switch to online classes under the strictest Level 4.

However, with Covid-19 cases showing no signs of slowing, the ministry said they have agreed to the original plan of operating in-person classes for all schools despite social distancing measures being at the highest levels, after talks with health experts.

The reason for the eased measures is, despite the recent spread of Covid-19 cases, the ministry believes that the number of cluster infections originating at schools is not that large.

After analyzing the Covid-19 infection route of students in the spring semester, schools were found to be the least-cited places for contraction at 15.9 percent, while home was at 48.7 percent and the community at 22.6 percent, the ministry said.

The ministry also cited that schools that recorded five or more infections accounted for only 0.44 percent of the total schools in the country, leading them to believe schools are a relatively safe place for children to be.

They also highlighted that both the school faculty and parents prefer in-person teaching.

Universities, on the other hand, will expand to offline classes until 70 percent of the country's population has received at least one dose of a Covid-19 vaccine - in September or possibly later, as has already been announced in June.

However, each university can decide independently its range of offline classes depending on the vaccination rate of the school faculty and the distancing level of its location.

"It's a difficult time, but it's time to give back to children what they can enjoy only when they go to school," Education Minister Yoo Eun-hye said. "We will closely watch the virus situation and respond quickly in the case of a crisis, in close cooperation with related agencies."

BY SEO JI-EUN [seo.jieun1@joongang.co.kr]

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Education Ministry decides to keep kids in school, most of the time

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In-person classes for kindergartens to high schools will be kept, even under the highest level of social distancing, the Education Ministry announced Monday. The Ministry of Education on Monday unveiled its latest plans for the upcoming fall semester, which will start in late August.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Korea are guaranteed a bronze medal in the badminton women's doubles event at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, but which pair gets to take home the honor remains to be seen.

With two Korean pairs making it to the semifinals on the opposite side of the bracket, it was hoped that at least one team would make it to the finals, but such was not to be.

First to play were Lee So-hee and Shin Seung-chan, the No. 4 women's doubles pair in the world. They faced off against Indonesia's world No. 6 Greysia Polli and Apriyani Rahayu at Musashino Forest Sport Plaza, Chofu, western Tokyo, on Saturday 9:50 a.m.

The match was close, with the first set ending at 21-19 and the second at 21-17. Lee and Shin grabbed an early three-point lead in both games, but Polli and Rahayu pulled off a comeback in both.

At 11:30 a.m., world No. 5 Kim So-yeong and Kong Hee-yong went up against China's world No. 3 Chen Qing-chen and Jia Yi-fan. Kim and Kong were looking for revenge, having lost 2-1 against Chen and Jia earlier in the tournament, in their third qualifier match in Group D, played Tuesday.

Such plans went awry, however, with Chen and Jia dominating the match, finishing the first set with a 21-15 scoreline then closing it out 21-11 in the second.

The two Korean duos will compete for bronze on Aug. 2.

BY JEON YOUNG-JAE [jeon.youngjae@joongang.co.kr]

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Women's doubles badminton bronze medal game will be an all-Korean affair

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Korea are guaranteed a bronze medal in the badminton women's doubles event at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, but which pair gets to take home the honor remains to be seen. With two Korean pairs making it to the semifinals on the opposite side of the bracket, it was hoped that at least one team would make it to the finals, but such was not to be.

# data[].attributes.body
1.coastal.연안의
2.examine.심사하다
3.propellant.추진제
4.aviation.비행
5.purifier.정수기
6.telecommunication.통신
7.combustion: 연소
8.prominent: 중요한
9.probe: 조사
10.fabric: 구조
11.satisfactory: 만족스러운
12.ballistic: 탄도의
13.intercontinental: 대륙간의
14.warhead: 탄두
15.latecomers: 후발주자

summary
Korea's first domestic space launch vehicle Nuri was launched from the Naro Space Center in Goheung, a coastal village in southwest Korea, on October 21. It succeeded in climbing to an altitude of 700 kilometers in 16 minutes, but failed to put the mock payload on its scheduled orbit. It cannot be said that it was not completely successful but failed perfectly. Space development powerhouses also succeed in only 30% of newly developed rockets. The first space launch vehicle, the Naro, was able to carry only less luggage and the technology was also used by Russia, but the Nuri is domestic. More than 300 Korean companies participated in the project, and Korean companies strengthened their space development capabilities. A slight modification of the technologies used in the Nuri will also greatly help Korea's business and science. The Nuri will fly into space four more times by 2027. It still falls short of the technology of people like the United States and Russia. Therefore, we need to spend more budget on the development of the space industry, strengthen education, and raise public awareness.

opinion
I saw the Nuri launch on my cell phone. Korea's first space projectile is the Naroho, but the reason Nuri is important is that its technology is domestic. The Naro was only able to raise a small satellite of 100kg, but the Nuri was able to raise 1.5 tons of payloads, and the first-stage rocket was made with Russian technology, but the Nuri was developed only by Koreans. Although the payload was not put on track, the value of technology created by the development of Nuri by many Korean companies is unexpectedly large. The space industry is very expensive, but the benefits returning to the present are very small. Nevertheless, the reason why the space industry should be developed is that it will be an important industry in the future and technology is also valuable. I hope this launch of the Nuri will be the starting point for Korea's space industry development.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
South Korea's first homegrown space launch vehicle Nuri blasted off from the Naro Space Center in the country's southwestern coastal village of Goheung on October 21. It successfully traveled to an altitude of 700 kilometers in 16 minutes, but it failed to place the mock payload into the intended orbit.

Even in global space powerhouses, less than 30 percent of newly developed rockets succeed on their first attempt. Only six countries; the U.S., Russia, France, China, India and Japan, have developed a space launch vehicle capable of sending a satellite weighing over 1 ton designed for practical use into orbit. Given that, it would be fair to say that the Nuri's maiden flight is considered a success, opening up the possibility of South Korea's independent space development.

Here is Kim Dae-ho, director of the Global Economic Research Institute, to examine the significance and economic value of the Nuri launch.
For the Nuri launch to be completely successful, the rocket should safely lift off and drop its payload into the targeted orbit. Key technology lies in the separation of the three stages at the right time. The launch vehicle flew to an altitude of 700 kilometers without any setback, although it failed to send its satellite into orbit. But the shortcomings can be made up for during additional test-launches of the Nuri in the future. I'd say that the latest launch is a 90 percent success.
In 2013, South Korea successfully launched its first-ever space rocket Naro. While the Naro could carry a small satellite weighing around 100 kilograms, the recently launched Nuri is capable of carrying a 1.5-ton payload. Most notably, the first stage of the two-stage Naro rocket was built using Russian technology. The three-stage Nuri, on the other hand, was developed solely by Koreans. That's why the Nuri is called South Korea's first homegrown satellite launch vehicle.
Countries that developed space rockets early on are unwilling to transfer relevant technology to latecomers. They do not sell relevant parts and materials, either. That's because the frontrunners do not want their hard work and achievements to go to waste after the latecomers catch up with them. Also, a rocket carrying a nuclear warhead, not a satellite, may turn into an intercontinental ballistic missile. Space vehicle leaders are therefore reluctant to help latecomers, in light of national security. In this sense, it is very challenging for a country to develop a space rocket locally from scratch without help from others. When test-launching a rocket, South Korea should be extremely careful not to let its rocket cross the border into other countries. Despite many difficulties, the South Korean space rocket lifted off successfully, although the project may not be an absolute success. Still, the result of the project with an investment of 1.8 billion US dollars is considered satisfactory.
Some 300 Korean firms participated in the Nuri project. Hanwha Aerospace made the engine, while Korea Aerospace Industries and Doowon Heavy Industrial developed the rocket's frame and propellant tank. The launch pad was independently manufactured by Hyundai Heavy Industries, and a combustion test was conducted by Hyundai Rotem. In addition to those large companies, small-and mid-sized manufacturers of materials, parts and equipment also took part in the project. In the process of developing and launching the Nuri, South Korean companies are believed to have enhanced space development capabilities. Expectations are running high for a new era in Korea's space program.
If the engines used in the Nuri are slightly altered for airplanes, the Korean aviation industry will be able to develop significantly. Technologies for making the waterproof fabric of Gore-Tex, water purifiers and microwaves as well as the medical imaging technique of MRI were all developed in the course of researching space technologies. The car's navigation system uses signals transmitted from space, and self-driving vehicles also need space technology. In the telecommunications area, it won't be necessary to set up transmission towers. In short, added value created from space exploration is infinite. Winning the space development competition will ensure scientific and economic success. The latest Nuri launch is indeed a major milestone in South Korea's space technology. It is expected to spark up the country's industrial and scientific innovation.
The complete success of the Nuri launch in the future will generate tremendous ripple effects. South Korea will be able to launch some 100 satellites to be in the next ten years, including those needed for Korea's own version of the Global Positioning System, without having to depend on other countries. It will also sharpen the competitiveness of the local telecommunication industry, which is preparing for the sixth-generation telecommunications network.

The Nuri launch is just the beginning of Korea's space development. If its performance test is done at the second launch scheduled for May next year, the Nuri will fly to space four more times until 2027. The Nuri will play a major role in South Korea's space exploration program, sending next-generation satellites into space and exploring the moon eventually.
In the first stage, the Nuri will carry a satellite and let it stay in the right orbit. In the second stage, South Korea aims to develop technology of launching multiple satellites on a single rocket. Currently, one launch vehicle carries one satellite. The third stage involves traveling to the moon and Mars. The U.S., China, Russia and India are working on this stage. In the fourth stage, spacecrafts with passengers aboard will fly to outer space and human settlement could be built there. Now that South Korea has successfully sent the space vehicle to an altitude of 700 kilometers, it will be able to reduce the technological gap even faster.
There are many challenges to be overcome. Korea's aerospace technology remains at 60 to 80 percent of that of space powerhouses such as the U.S. and Russia. Its budget allocated for the space industry is far from enough. South Korea still has a long way to go before becoming a prominent player in the space industry.
When Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent 500 years ago, those who dominated the seas would dominate the world. Now, those who dominate the stars will lead the world. South Korea is a tech powerhouse, with its smartphones dominating the world market. But it lags behind other countries in basic science and space development. It is necessary to strengthen relevant education in schools and arrange a legal system concerning the development of the space industry. Most importantly, the state-level development of space technology and private companies' participation in commercial use of space should generate the synergy effect. For that purpose, it is urgent for the government to give support to the industry and raise public awareness of this issue.
"Nuri" means "world" in Korean. The name of the space rocket contains the nation's hope to reach outer space and explore a new world. With the Nuri launch, South Korea has opened an era of space development, with local citizens showing greater interest in the aerospace industry. If Korea grows to a space powerhouse, based on the industry's achievements and public support, the country could realize its dream of sending a probe to the moon by 2030.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
S. Korea Launches Self-developed Space Rocket Nuri

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
South Korea's first homegrown space launch vehicle Nuri blasted off from the Naro Space Center in the country's southwestern coastal village of Goheung on October 21. It successfully traveled to an altitude of 700 kilometers in 16 minutes, but it failed to place the mock payload into the intended orbit.

# data[].attributes.body
<Vocabulary list>
1) distancing 거리두기
2) outbreak 발병하다
3) Ministry 정부
4) absent 결석한
5) measure 조치, 측정하다, 양
6) stringent 엄중한, 긴박한
7) attendance 출석
8) curb 억제하다, 제한하다
9) transmission 전파, 전염
10) disable 망가뜨리다
11) exempt 면제하다
12) severity 혹독, 엄격
13) heighten 고조되다
14) senior 상위의
15) entrance 입구, 등장
16) slate 계획하다, 혹평하다
17) burdensome 부담스러운, 힘든
18) consensus 일치, 합의
19) inequities 불공평
20) juggle 최대한 효율적으로 조직하다

summary
After summer vacation, the children came to school. The Ministry of Education has eased guidelines for distancing during the fall semester. Despite the level 4 distance, attendance caps was introduced and classes were conducted directly. attendance caps is set at half of elementary school from 3rd to 6th grade, two-thirds of middle school, and half of first and second graders in high school. Kindergartens, first and second graders of elementary school and children with disabilities are excluded from this rule. High school seniors can take classes for the national college entrance exam. Several problems have arisen, such as deepening learning imbalances and increasing the burden on dual-income couples due to the epidemic. Due to these problems, the period of official absence was increased from 40 days to 57 days per year. The Ministry of Education is striving to bring all students back to class in September due to concerns over the gap in academic achievement and the impact on children for a year.

my opinion
Since I am a student who has experienced this situation, I have been affected by online classes and other various aspects. However, I have never been absent from school because of COVID-19. Many students were officially able to fall into school and actually did. However, I didn't even know exactly what this system was or how it would work. I thought students could just leave school if they wanted to leave because they were afraid of COVID-19. Through this article survey, I was able to know more about what the attendance cap was. I hope this will no longer happen in the future, but it will not be easy to do so. As a person who will work in education in the future, it seems necessary to look at these systems and guidelines from the Ministry of Education.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
With summer vacations ending, children started to return to their classrooms under relaxed distancing rules for schools Monday, despite an uncontrolled outbreak of the coronavirus.

Last week, the Ministry of Education eased social distancing guidelines in schools for the fall semester. The measure was aimed at running in-person classes even under Level 4 distancing measures, the most stringent set of rules, as long as there are attendance caps to keep a safe distance among students in order to curb coronavirus transmissions.

The cap varies depending on grades: It is set at half of the total student body from third to sixth graders in elementary schools, two-thirds in middle schools, and also half for first and second graders in high schools.

Kindergartens, first and second grades in elementary schools, and schools for disabled children will be exempt from the rules regardless of the severity of the pandemic, given the heightened need for in-person interactions for their development and education. High school seniors can also attend in-person classes full-time to prepare for the national college entrance exam slated for Nov. 18.

For the two weeks until Sept. 6, the start of the second semester, schools are still allowed to hold in-person lessons in a limited fashion.

The decision, which came amid record-breaking virus infections nationwide in recent weeks, reflected a consensus among teachers and education officials that the pandemic widened inequities in learning and that in-person classes have benefits that outweigh infection risks among children.

The measure also took into consideration that working parents find it increasingly burdensome and exhausting to juggle work and child care during the day, and fully opening schools is a crucial step toward economic recovery.

The ministry said it would eliminate remote learning options come September, even though some parents demand the ministry make it available for them.

Instead, the ministry increased the number of "at-home schooling" days to around 57 days a year from the current 40, when children are officially allowed to be absent from school.

Currently the wider capital area -- Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi Province -- as well as Daejeon, Busan and four other cities, is under the Level 4 virus restrictions, which originally enforced an outright ban on in-person learning at school.

The rest of the country is placed under the second-strongest virus restriction level, which requires the attendance cap to be placed at two-thirds or less of the total student body.

Under the relaxed rules, schools can resume in-person lessons full-time in Level 3 if virus transmissions in schools are considered to be manageable.

The ministry has been seeking to bring all students back to classrooms come September, out of concerns over a widening gap in educational achievements and the effects on children from a yearlong pandemic. (Yonhap)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
School children return to classrooms from summer vacations in middle of raging pandemic

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
With summer vacations ending, children started to return to their classrooms under relaxed distancing rules for schools Monday, despite an uncontrolled outbreak of the coronavirus. Last week, the Ministry of Education eased social distancing guidelines in schools for the fall semester.

# data[].attributes.body
강아지 유치원

(vocabulary)
1.kindergarten  유치원
2.homeroom teacher 담임교사
3.qualified 자격이 있는
4.owhers 주인
5.typically 전형적으로
6.build  쌓다
7.guarantee 보증하다
8.caretaker 관리인
9.spending 지출
10.cdusing 발생시키는
11.spokes person 대변인
12.reception 환영
13.Collective 직단적
14.barking 짖는
15.trainer 조련사

<Summary>
Dog kindergartens are like other kindergartens for children.
It guarantees a place of play and learning, an opportunity to build social skills, and safety and well-being while main managers are away. Here, daily life resembles the actual kindergarten routine. It even has a class system with a homeroom teacher. Programs in kindergarten include fun games, fitness programs, and outdoor games. In addition, swimming classes are held in summer, and dogs are taken to places where they can freely explore outdoors during the picnic season. Apart from everyday life, there are special events such as birthday parties. Each birthday dog takes a gift and a special photo. Halloween and Christmas are two big events to come soon. Tae added, "We help both dogs and their owners make a better life." Hong sends photos and memos from the teacher to the dog owner through the app. The owners said they liked this service very much. Pet owners are usually in their 30s to 50s and live nearby. For those who cannot drop off their dogs at daycare centers, the center provides pickup and drop-off services. In addition, six homeless dogs from animal shelters are currently staying at Happy Puppy as a temporary protection program.

My opinion
I was also interested in pets due to my sister's influence, but I became interested in the dog kindergarten on TV these days. However, I've never been to a dog kindergarten before, so I looked it up and found it more interesting than just interesting.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
It is just like any kindergarten for kids.

A place for playing and learning, a chance to build social skills and a guarantee of safety and well-being while their main caretakers are away. Except for the sound of dogs barking in unison.

Happy Puppy in Seoul's Nonhyeon-dong is one of the many "dog kindergartens" that have popped up in Seoul in recent years. When this reporter visited, about 25 furry friends were there.

"If they hadn't come, they would have stayed at home alone until evening, spending most of the time sleeping and idling, sometimes causing trouble out of boredom. When their owners return home in the evening, they would be eager to play, being full of energy, while their owners are most likely tired, wanting to rest," Tae Dong-ryuk, a spokesperson for the puppy day care center, said in the reception area, which was blocked off from where the dogs were.

That seemed reasonable, given that any hint of a visitor outside led to an outburst of collective barking.

"We help make life better for both puppies and their owners," Tae added.

Here, the daily routine resembles that of a real kindergarten. It even has a class system with "homeroom teachers."

"We have regular programs like fun games, fitness programs and outdoor play. In summer, we have swimming sessions. During the picnic season, we take the puppies out where they can explore the outdoors freely, unleashed," said Hong Jin-woo, one of the five teachers. Like most other staff, he is a qualified dog trainer with years of experience.

Aside from the daily routines, there are special events like birthday parties. B-day dogs each get a gift and a special photo shoot. Halloween and Christmas are two more big events approaching soon.

"We send daily photos and a memo from teachers to dog owners via app. Owners like the service a lot," said Hong.

Pet owners are typically in their 30s to their 50s, and live in the vicinity. For those who can't drop the dog off at day care, the center provides a pick-up and drop-off service. Also, six homeless dogs from an animal shelter are presently staying at Happy Puppy under a temporary protection program, Hong said.

By Lee Sun-young (milaya@heraldcorp.com)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
It is just like any kindergarten for kids. A place for playing and learning, a chance to build social skills and a guarantee of safety and well-being while their main caretakers are away. Except for the sound of dogs barking in unison.

# data[].attributes.body
<Vocabulary list>
1)compound:화합물,혼합물
2)authority:권위의
3)pandemic:유행병의
4)correspond:일치하다, 부합하다
5)trigger:촉발시키다
6)seminar:토론식 수업
7)broadcasting:방송
8)vow:맹세하다
9)initiative:진취적인
10)ministry:(정부의 각) 부처
11)dispatch:보내다[파견하다]
12)quarantine:격리
13)prevention:예방
14)address:주소
15)prioritize:우선순위를 매기다
16)carry out:수행하다
17)surname:성

<summary>
It is said that remote learning is interfering with learning. The achievement gap is growing faster than last year, and grades such as math and English have fallen significantly. COVID-19 has accelerated the gap in achievement.
This has been warned by many experts. Teachers said many students don't seem to be interested in taking online classes. The gap between the top and bottom students is widening.
According to the survey, 89.6% said the gap would widen if online classes continued. They are concerned that it will negatively affect students' social skills.
It was suggested that the remote classroom environment could interfere with students' learning and leave unprepared. In addition, most of them had difficulty using remote learning systems.
The problem continued due to many server errors. The Ministry of Education tried to show better results through investment, but failed. In the Ministry of Education, 56.4 students and 8.3 teachers were constantly working.
It is said that he was diagnosed with COVID-19. The minister says schools will strictly follow quarantine rules to prevent viruses.

<opinion>
I think it is inevitable to take remote classes due to many COVID-19 confirmed patients. The number of COVID-19 confirmed cases continues to increase, and it's dangerous to go to school in this situation. I think it's right to prevent dangerous situations before they happen. The gap cannot be prevented from widening through remote classes. But through the rules, I think it will be better if we can follow.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Classrooms centered on remote learning are interfering with learning and compounding existing achievement gaps among students in South Korea, a report has found.

The report released Tuesday showed that the achievement gap among middle school students grew faster in 2020 than in previous years. The authors asked the educational authorities to improve online learning systems and interaction among students and teachers.

According to a study by the Seoul Education Research and Information Institute involving students at 382 middle schools in Seoul, the proportion of students with grades between B and D in three key academic subjects -- Korean literature, mathematics and English -- dropped greatly.

"The achievement gap within schools had already widened before the COVID-19 pandemic started, but the trend has generally accelerated since the outbreak," the report said.

In Korean middle schools, a grade of A is equivalent to a score of 90 percent or more. A B is between 80 percent and 89 percent, a C is between 70 percent and 79 percent, a D is between 60 percent and 69 percent, and an E is below 60 percent.

The study found that the proportion of second-year middle school students with grades between B and D in Korean literature fell from 58.2 percent in 2018 to 56.5 percent in 2019 and 49.35 percent in 2020.

For math, the figure fell more than 10 percentage points, from 44.4 percent in 2018 to 34.2 percent last year. For English, it declined from 44.1 percent in 2018 to 35.1 percent last year.

While the changes for all three subjects were relatively small between 2018 and 2019, the figures fell an average of 8.0 percentage points in 2020. The study also found that the proportion of B through D students dropped sharply among middle school seniors in 2020.

The proportion of students with math grades of B to D fell 14.91 percentage points from 43.59 percent in 2019. The corresponding figures fell 2.95 percentage points for Korean literature and 8.84 percent for English.

The research supports warnings that many experts have made. Months have passed since the coronavirus-triggered distance learning experiment started, and teachers have repeatedly expressed worries that some students were falling behind and failing to stay engaged.

"On most days, less than half of my class was actually focusing on what I was saying across the videoconferencing platform, and not many seemed to be interested in taking online classes after all," said a middle school teacher surnamed Jeon based in Guro-gu, western Seoul.

"I did try everything I could, nothing was too helpful. Top students always stayed where they were, but the rest were just falling behind and they didn't even care. I guess it was unavoidable after all."

Jeon is not the only teacher who has seen the achievement gap grow since the COVID-19 pandemic started, a survey shows.

According to a survey of 5,119 teachers carried out in November by the National Education Council, 89.6 percent of the respondents said the achievement gap would widen if online classes continued.

Only 27.5 percent of the respondents considered online learning more effective, while 87.6 percent voiced concern that continued remote learning would negatively affect students' social skills.

And dozens of surveys, seminars and reports have suggested that the remote classroom environment could harm students' learning abilities and leave them ill-prepared for higher education. But the authorities have been slow to address the issue.

Since the new school year started last month, teachers and students have experienced difficulties and delays in accessing and using the two main remote learning systems.

Many users across the country experienced login errors and problems playing videos for online classes as a result of server issues, and for some teachers and students the problem has continued for more than a month. Some teachers have resorted to external videoconference applications, as they did last year.

The Ministry of Education spent 3.7 billion won ($3.31 million) to improve the Educational Broadcasting System software and 6 billion won to enhance the Korea Education and Research Information Service's e-Learning site.

But the investments have failed to deliver the desired results for all parties.

The government vowed earlier this year to launch a newer system to facilitate an improved interactive learning environment, but it failed to arrive on time. A separate plan for a new system, planned for August, is also in doubt.

The Education Ministry has also looked at the possibility of expanding in-person classes, but the rise in COVID-19 cases this month could hinder that initiative.

Education Minister Yoo Eun-hae told reporters last month that the ministry was prioritizing an expanded proportion of in-person classes for middle school students, especially those in the Greater Seoul area.

According to the ministry, an average of 56.4 students and 8.3 teachers at elementary, middle and high schools were diagnosed with COVID-19 each day in the seven days ending Wednesday last week.

The country has discovered more than 1,825 cases in students and 258 cases in teachers since March.

To better address the COVID-19 situation in schools, the ministry announced Wednesday that it would run a special prevention period until May 11 while dispatching testing teams to schools to provide PCR tests upon request for people without symptoms.

"Many virus experts diagnose that schools could recover back to normal in a matter of days if basic virus control rules are followed even when new cases are uncovered within schools," Yoo said in a press conference Wednesday.

"We will stay alert and go over the basics to monitor the virus situation in school, and we will ensure that basic quarantine rules are strictly followed at all educational institutions."

By Ko Jun-tae ( ko.juntae@heraldcorp.com)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
[News Focus] Achievement gaps widen as remote learning continues amid COVID-19

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Classrooms centered on remote learning are interfering with learning and compounding existing achievement gaps among students in South Korea, a report has found. The report released Tuesday showed that the achievement gap among middle school students grew faster in 2020 than in previous years.

# data[].attributes.body
1. conglomerate : 복합 기업, 대기업
2. congestion : 혼잡
3. vertically : 수직적으로
4. dub : 별명을 붙이다
5. be envisioned as : ~로 계획되다
6. subside : 가라앉다, 진정되다
7. susceptible : 민감한
8. commute : 통근하다
9. mock-up : (실물 크기의) 모형

10. autonomous : 자주적인, 자율적인
11. soar : 솟구치다
12. fathom : 헤아리다, 가늠하다
13. be entitled : 권리가 있다

14. collide : 충돌하다, 부딪치다
15. momentum : 가속도, 탄력, 운동량
16. swash plate : (헬리콥터의) 요동판
17. vertiport : 수직 이착륙 비행장
18. spacious : 널찍한
19. jurisdiction : 관할권, 사법권

SUMMARY
Hanwha Group and Hyundai Motor Group are in a tight race to develop flying cars, with an aim to launch a commercial air taxi service in the next four to five years. If this project is realized, it will and change the way people commute, work and live so on. Besides, it will cause a lot of problems such as air pollution and noise too. Also, its prices is as expensive as 10 Lamborghini Huracan supercars, its noise is expected to be very loud and it isn't be decided which category it belongs to and which type of license its pilots should have. However, its noise would be no louder than 65 decibels, which is quieter than a vacuum cleaner, it is envisioned to produce zero direct emissions, being powered entirely by batteries, and it will become fully autonomous after 2035 so that the service costs 3,000 won per person to 500 won.

My opnion
At first, I thought that flying taxi service by Hyundai and Hanwha would be impossible. However,surprisingly it could be realized in near future. The service is based on many high technology mainly drone technology. As drone is the main technology in the quaternary industry, drone technology is developing. Reading the article and writing summary and my opinion about it, I'm starting to get interested in it. Also I remind that when i was 13, I did well on my test and my mom bought me a drone. It was my first experience controlling a drone. At that time, drone was just toy for me but now, drone is interesting and fantastic thing for me. Besides, after reading the article, if flying taxi service were to be realized, it would be a first step that use sky in our daily life and arouse a lot of change not only our daily life but also various industries. I think we should have interests about drone and consider its positive and negative influence in future.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
South Korean conglomerates Hanwha Group and Hyundai Motor Group are in a tight race to develop flying cars, with an aim to launch a commercial air taxi service in the next four to five years.

If realized, the service would address many urban problems like traffic congestion and air pollution. It could fundamentally change the way people commute, work and live, the companies say.

Technology-wise, the firms are not far off from building a passenger craft that takes off and lands vertically. The real question is the infrastructure, the regulations and public acceptance of this brand new class of transport, dubbed urban air mobility or UAM. Price, too, will be a crucial issue for its commercial takeoff.

At the Seoul Mobility Expo held this month, Hanwha Systems unveiled a mock-up of its flying car known as Butterfly. It looked good in almost all aspects -- sustainable, safe, fast and quiet. The only catch was that it is as expensive as 10 Lamborghini Huracan supercars.

Can the developers really bring costs down to make flying taxi rides a part of daily life?

Butterfly is a joint undertaking of Hanwha Systems and Overair, a US-based personal air vehicle specialist.

It is envisioned to produce zero direct emissions, being powered entirely by batteries. Even if one of its four rotors fail, the flying car would still continue to operate. At a speed of 320 kilometers per hour, it could travel from Yeouido, western Seoul, to Suseo, southern Seoul, in five minutes, which would otherwise take 50 minutes by subway. Also, Butterfly would be no louder than 65 decibels, which is quieter than a vacuum cleaner, according to the product specifications released by the companies.

But the build cost is a whopping 3 billion won ($2.6 million).

To compare, HeliNY, a helicopter flight service firm in the US, operates the Bell 407, a $2.6 million chopper, and charges six people $1,655 for a five-minute one-way trip from Teterboro Airport to New York City.

Aiden Chung, a manager at Hanwha System's UAM strategy and planning team, says a flying taxi service has key advantages that would make it cheaper than the helicopter service.

"Helicopters are fueled by oil, so they're susceptible to fluctuations in oil prices. Also, flying cars use motors and have simple structural designs, while helicopters require frequent parts changes and a big team of engineers for maintenance. As flying cars produce zero emissions, subsidies are expected from the government," he said.

According to a road map drawn up by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, a flying taxi service will cost 3,000 won per person per kilometer in the initial stages. When the service becomes fully autonomous after 2035, the figure is projected to drop to 500 won. This means that a 20-minute-ride from Incheon Airport to Yeouido, western Seoul, a distance of about 40 kilometers, would cost 120,000 won per passenger initially, but could become as cheap as 20,000 won.

Autonomous flying will dramatically bring down the price of the service but this could take longer than expected.

According to a survey conducted by the Korea Transport Institute, 59 percent of respondents said they would feel "positive" riding a flying taxi with human pilots. When asked about riding a self-driving flying taxi, only 27 percent of them responded positively and 49 percent said they would not.

The government is expected to require human pilots onboard for some time after the service's commercial launch to address safety concerns.

Infrastructure, a real challenge

For flying cars to become reality, they would need to soar above the walls of regulations and existing urban infrastructure settings. This is why some industry insiders fathom the arrival of the urban air mobility era in near future.

Indicative of the many complex issues to be addressed for air taxis to take off, there is a heated debate going on over who should be entitled to drive it - an airplane pilot or helicopter pilot.

As a flying car takes off and lands vertically like a helicopter but flies horizontally like an airplane, it hasn't been decided which category it belongs to and which type of license its pilots should have.

Airplane and helicopters pilots are colliding over the license issue, as the flying taxi industry is projected to generate 300 pilot jobs in the future. Viewing flying cars as airplanes is currently gaininig momentum, as a flying car lacks a key component of a helicopter called "swashplate," a device that transmits the pilot's commands to the rotating rotor hub and blades.

"There is a prevailing view that flying cars are airplanes because they fly with simple propellers, not with complexly designed swashplates," an industry official said.

A plan is currently under review to issue the flying taxi license to airplane pilots if they take special training.

On top of the licensing issue, flying taxi service requires massive infrastructure investments to establish parking spaces.

According to the transport ministry, it will take 30 docking stations, or vertiports, in Seoul to accommodate some 300 flying taxis.

Building a vertiport in the city would cost about $15 million, while a large-scale one on the outskirts would take $60 million, according to estimates from Corgan, a design and architecture firm in Dallas that designed a vertiport for Uber's flying taxi unit Elevate. Uber sold off Elevate to California-based electric aircraft developer Joby Aviation in December.

Last month, Hanwha Systems unveiled a concept image of its vertiport, which basically looked like a parking lot the size of a small baseball field. The envisioned facility has three pads for a stand-by and one pad for landing and take-off. Also, it is equipped with chargers, a maintenance booth, an air traffic control center, a firefighting facility and a resting area for pilots, and therefore requires a lot of space. Hanwha hasn't purchased land for its vertiport yet.

Compared to Hanwha's spacious vertiport, Hyundai's model offers a design resembling a fountain that puts emphasis on maximum efficiency. The two-story vertiport has a waiting area for passengers on the ground floor with 10 entrances and an open docking pad on the second floor.

Some suggest the abundant helipads on the rooftops of buildings in the capital could be converted into vertiports, but others say that it is a tempting but unrealistic idea.

While it could be cheaper than building a whole new facility from scratch, most of the existing helipads on the rooftops are for emergency purpose and very rarely use. They're not designed to withstand the stress from constant landings and take-offs. Rooftops of ordinary buildings would have to be tested for structural integrity as well.

Above all, such a plan can only be realized when companies win the confidence of regulators as well as the those residing in the neighborhood about the safety issues. If unsure, regulators wouldn't allow them to fly right above densely populated areas, as a fall would result in mass casualties.

"If Hanwha chooses to utilize rooftops as vertipads, candidates would be locations that have a symbolic meaning such as shopping malls, hotels and trade centers," Aiden Chung said.

Speaking of safety concerns, what is the option for passengers if a flying car shuts down due to system failures or battery fires for instance?

According to Hanwha Systems, Butterfly passengers can escape with parachutes and the flying car will be guided to make an emergency landing in a river or field. As Butterfly is designed in the shape of a glider, it can descend slowly instead falling out of the sky.

In addition to physical infrastructure such as vertiports, a flying taxi service requires software support -- a 3D map to navigate through corridors between high-rise buildings.

Currently, how exactly high flying cars can travel hasn't been decided yet, but the altitude between 300 meters and 600 meters is likely to be allocated, according to the transport ministry.

In South Korea, there is only one provider of a 3D map service - Naver.

Last year, Naver Labs, the research arm of Naver, created a digital twin of Seoul. Using its artificial intelligence, Naver converted 25,643 aerial photos of 605 square kilometers of the city into a high-definition 3D map. Dubbed "Alike," the solution offers a 3D modeling of approximately 600,000 buildings in the city.

"The fees for using Alike is confidential, but the it is a capital intensive business," a company official said.

There is also a matter of jurisdiction and standardization, which is why Hanwha and Hyundai Motor have competitively forged an air taxi alliance of their own, with airport operators and other players. The two sides have to settle out their jurisdictions, as boundaries remain blurry at the moment.

Hanwha, thanks to its partnership with Korea Airports Corp., has business rights of flying car service at the nation's 14 airports including Gimpo Airport. However, Hanwha doesn't have control over Incheon Airport, the largest airport of the country, as Incheon International Airport Corp. is in partnership with Hyundai Motor.

Simply put, Hanwha can roll out a flying car service at all airports in the nation except the most important one -- Incheon Airport.

The transport ministry has formed a task force with representatives from both Hanwha and Hyundai Motor coalitions to iron out details, but many questions remain unanswered, whether the two sides will operate a unified air traffic control system or separate ones, for example.

On top of the jurisdiction issue, there is a matter of standardization. To commercialize flying cars, the government will have pick a model and set it as an industry standard, and Hanwha seems to be taking the lead.

Hanwha, which acquired a 30 percent stake in a US-based air taxi startup Overair at $25 million in January last year, aims to develop a prototype of Butterfly by 2024 and begin a trial operation starting 2025.

In contrast, Hyundai Motor, whose partnership with Uber fell apart in December, is facing major uncertainties and doesn't have an official specification of a prototype. In January last year, Hyundai Motor became the first automaker partner of Elevate, Uber's flying taxi business. In December, however, Uber sold off Elevate to Joby Aviation.

Now, Hyundai Motor is independently developing a prototype with the aim of commercializing flying cars for logistics business in 2026 and those for taxi services in 2028. The carmaker recently teamed up with Korea Aerospace Industries, the country's sole aircraft manufacturer, and LIG Nex1, a drone and missile maker, to come up with a prototype. Hyundai Motor hasn't revealed an official specification of the prototype yet.

On June 14, Jose Munoz, the global chief operating officer at Hyundai Motor, told Reuters that the company might kick off air taxi service before 2025, which is three years ahead of schedule, as preparations are being made faster than expected.

"During task force meetings, government officials mainly ask about the speed and the completion date of the prototype, as the government would have to run tests as soon as possible. We believe the two factors will decide which prototype will become the industry standard," a Hanwha Systems official said.

By Kim Byung-wook ( kbw@heraldcorp.com)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
[AUTO & MOBILITY] Flying taxi promises to change urban travel

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
South Korean conglomerates Hanwha Group and Hyundai Motor Group are in a tight race to develop flying cars, with an aim to launch a commercial air taxi service in the next four to five years. If realized, the service would address many urban problems like traffic congestion and air pollution.

# data[].attributes.body
vocabulary list
1)government 정부,정책
2)deteriorated 변질
3)envisioned 가시적인,구상중인
4)headquarters 본사 직원들
5)welfare 복지,후생
6)authorities 당국,관계자,정부본국
7)paramedics 의료보조과학
8)metropolitan 대도시의, 본국의
9)quarantine 격리,격리하다
10)abruptly 갑자기,불쑥,뜻밖에
11)pronounced 확연한,단호한,천명된
12)self-quarantine 자가격리
13)breakthrough 돌파구
14)measures 방법,방안,조치
15)gradually 서서히

summary
Covid-19 patients after an infacted man
died when his condition deteriorated quickly while he was waiting at home for an ambulance. This death is the first reported among some 13000 cumulative cases of people who have undergone home treatment since the system was adopted in January of this year. So, the government will cooperation with 119 authorities and local governments to prevent a recurrence.

My Opinion
I felt gravity about home treatment because covid-19 patients was waiting at home for an ambulance. So luckily, under the age of 70 showing mild symptoms or
asymptomatic patients, with no underlying diseases. I hope the government discuss future plans about home treatment. I want to people have interest about home treatment.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Gov’t urged to improve COVID-19 home treatment system after patient’s death

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The government is being urged to improve the way it handles COVID-19 patients after an infected man died when his condition deteriorated quickly while he was waiting at home for an ambulance. This latest fatality is raising concerns as more patients displaying mild or no symptoms are expected to be…

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary List
1. enterprise - 기업, 회사
2. demographics - 인구 통계
3. inception - 시작, 개시
4. folk - 사람들
5. campaign - 캠페인
6. daunting - 벅찬, 주눅이 들게 하는
7. division -  분배
8. deposit - 보증금
9. countermeasure - 대책
10. proposal - 제안
11. proximity - 가까움
12. washbasin - 세면기
13. outlet - 발산수단
14. terrace - 테라스
15. construction - 건설

Summary
Due to youth housing problems, most of the youth generation have difficulty finding well-built residences in high land price cities such as Seoul. Social venture called "Seoul Social Standard" is an organization to solve this issue. Previously, building were built for as much as population to reside with the idea of "as cheap as possible". however, this social venture thought was make better quality of space for youth residential space. they created sharing houses to practical use on space, and createdd sharing spaces so that non-residents also could use various spaces.

My opinion
The number of youths who leave their hometown and move to Seoul are increasing while they need college education or getting a job. however, the reality is youth residential environment is poor quality. l was also worried about residential when i move to city. if this progrems, expanded and make better quality in spaces, numerous youths will be able to work on their career activities without worries of residential issues.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Seoul Social Standard, a social enterprise, is often dubbed "three siot" as the name's three words all start with siot, a consonant in the Korean language.

While the company loves the cute and catchy nickname, it doesn't reflect the serious nature of the social venture's goal.

The name Seoul Social Standard reflects everything the company wants to achieve. In the city of Seoul, "three siot" wants to develop housing models and standards that can be applied to people from all walks of life who are in need of homes.

Of all the housing problems affecting various demographics, the company is especially interested in those that impact young adults.

Launched in 2013 by Kim Ha-na, 40, and Kim Min-cheol, 39, who met while both majoring in architecture at Seoul National University, Seoul Social Standard has been designing share houses since its inception.

The company's co-CEOs previously worked for different architecture firms but decided to join forces when they realized their shared interest in housing problems faced by youth.

The company has been working on a number of share houses in the neighborhoods of Tongui-dong and Gungjeong-dong in Jongno District, central Seoul and Sillim-dong in Gwanak District, southern Seoul.

"Some people criticize young folks that they are all sitting at Starbucks despite the social distancing campaign during the coronavirus outbreak," said Kim Min-cheol during a recent interview with the JoongAng Ilbo.

"Those who criticize probably have no idea how young people these days live in confined spaces. They simply don't understand how hard it is to stay all day long in a studio that measures a mere 18 square meters [193.7 square feet] where there is barely a division between the kitchen and the bedroom."

It is indeed a daunting task for many members of the younger generation to find an affordable home in the city of Seoul.

"Most of the studios you can find near colleges charge you 600,000 won ($496.8) in rent per month along with 10 million won for a deposit but they are [so small] that once you take a shower, the entire room becomes damp and bound to cause mold in summer and winter," said Kim.

"I wanted there to be an alternative so that they could opt for a place that they can call home and comes with limited expenses."

Share houses designed by Seoul Social Standard are no different from other small studios. Each room measures about 18 square meters, but the social venture provides more private space by making kitchens and bathrooms for common use.

Given skyrocketing land prices, building a lot of share houses could be one countermeasure to tackle housing problems faced by young adults.

But still, proposals for share houses designed with such tenants in mind are often usurped by other pending issues such as housing problems the underprivileged or elderly are dealing with.

Young people's housing issues are often dismissed, with people citing opportunities like becoming employed as a way for the younger generation to move to better areas.

But as the number of young people deciding to live alone increases, the demand for single households is mounting.

Collective Mine, also known as Cheongwun Mine in Korean, is Seoul Social Standard's latest project.

Located in Gungjeong-dong, Jongno Distrct, the share house opened in December last year and 11 people have moved into the four-story building since.

Each resident uses a private room, shares kitchens and bathrooms and is located in close proximity to downtown Seoul.

Each room measures between 9 and 12 square meters but has its own features with different layouts and windows.

Space is ergonomically designed, too.

There are four rooms on each floor along with a shower room, two toilets and a washbasin. The shower booth and the washbasin are separated with a partition for the convenience of residents.

According to Kim, the art of architecture lies in "re-editing space." With the newly edited space, Kim said people can enjoy a new life.

Small details found at the Collective Mine are impressive.

For example, there is a space to store a suitcase in each room and power outlets are located near the beds -- a design that takes into consideration the lifestyle of young people who enjoy YouTube or Netflix until they fall asleep.

Not everyone is eligible to live at the Collective Mine, however. Applicants should be in the bottom 70 percent income group, only single rooms are available and there is no place to park a car so vehicle owners need not apply.

Rent at the Collective Mine is about 420,000 won ($368) per month.

Social housing carries with it an image of shoddy construction with low quality materials that compensate lower expenses -- a stereotype that Seoul Social Standard aims to smash. Its goal is to create homes that are so cozy and comfortable that tenants renew their leases again and again.

Kim said it refrains from designing spaces to look like dormitories where almost every space is shared.

"The bottom line for me is one room for one person," said Kim. "We call it a not-so-tight-knit community. We try to find a happy medium between being private and being open.

"One of the residents [living at a share house located] in Tongui-dong told me that he has more time to explore his neighborhood ever since he moved into the building. He didn't have a chance to go for a walk or mingle with others in his old neighborhood, but now he spends more time in the communal space inside the share house," Kim added.

Kim's latest focus is expanding private space by meshing it with public space.

He says neighborhood cafés, libraries and parks could make up for space needed for people who live in small residences. This is the reason that he made a café called Qyun on the first floor of the Collective Mine. The café is open to both residents and outsiders.

Many share houses often have large kitchens or dedicated spaces for mingling but those spaces need to be reconsidered, according to Kim. For those who are accustomed to living alone and survive on ready-made meals, large kitchens are useless.

"With the Collective Mine, I just did a compact kitchen and a café on the first floor to fit into the lifestyle of single households these days," said Kim.

Seoul Social Standard's housing experiments are showing no signs of slowing. The company is scheduled to build a share house with 13 rooms in Noryangjin, southern Seoul later this year.

At the Noryangjin house, Seoul Social Standard plans to install desks in common use spaces and add terraces to each room.

"As more people choose to live alone, the ways in which they live are changing. It means that it is time to think about the quality of life. I hope we can provide competitive housing options for those who are in need."

BY YOO JI-YEON [kjdculture@joongang.co.kr]

5평 1인 주거도 완벽해야...청년 공유주택 고민하는 '삼시옷'

서울 소셜 스탠다드. 이름이 어려워 앞 자음만 따서 '삼시옷'이라 불리는 재밌는 소셜 벤처가 있다. 소셜 벤처란 사회문제를 해결하기 위해 사회적 기업가가 설립한 기업이나 조직을 말한다. 이들이 추구하는 바는 대부분 회사 명에 담겨있다. 빠르고 밀도 높은 성장의 역사를 가진 '서울'을 배경으로 사람·시간·공간이 만드는 다양한 '관계'(social‧소셜) 속에서 지지해야 할 '표준'(standard)을 발굴하고 만드는 일이다.

서울 라이프스타일 기획자들 ⑬ 서울 소셜 스탠다드 김민철 대표
이들이 지지하는 '표준'은 청년 주거 문제다. 서울대학교 건축학과 동기인 김하나(40)‧김민철(39)이 공동대표로 있는 삼시옷은 지난 2013년부터 서울의 공유주택 사업을 기획하고 운영해왔다. 각자 설계 사무소에서 일하다가 뜻이 맞아 독립했다는 이들은 주로 청년들을 위한 공유 주택을 만든다. 정림건축문화재단과 함께 만든 종로구 '통의동집', 신림동의 '소담소담', 궁정동 '청운광산'이 대표적이다.

"코로나 19로 사회적 거리 두기를 해야 하는데 청년들이 전부 스타벅스에 나와 있다고 비판을 하더라고요. 청년들이 사는 공간에 대한 공감이 부족해서 나온 얘기라고 생각해요. 주방과 침실이 분리가 안 된 18㎡(약 5평) 크기의 원룸 공간에 온종일 머무는 것 자체가 얼마나 힘든지 이해를 못 하는 거죠."

서울처럼 땅값이 높은 도시에서 상당수의 젊은이는 좋은 주거지를 찾는 데 어려움이 많다. 김민철 대표는 "보증금 1000만원, 월세 60만원 정도의 대학가 원룸은 대부분 샤워하고 나오면 방 안에 습기가 차서 여름이든 겨울이든 곰팡이를 피운다"며 "한정된 재화로 보다 집다운 집을 누릴 수 있도록 또 다른 주거 선택지가 있었으면 했다"고 말했다.

1인당 18㎡의 공간이라는 점에서 원룸과 면적은 같지만, 여럿이 모여 함께 살면서 공간을 합치면 적어도 주방과 분리된 침실과 더 쾌적한 욕실이 가능하다. 조금 더 욕심내면 거실까지도 누릴 수 있지 않을까. 공유주택, 일명 '셰어 하우스'를 청년 주거의 대안으로 떠올리는 것은 자연스럽다.

하지만 저소득층 주거나 노인 주거에 비해 청년 주거에 대한 사회적 합의는 아직 부족한 편이다. 누군가는 '살만해지니 배부른 소리를 한다'고 핀잔을 주기도 한다. 청년들 스스로도 어차피 취업하거나 결혼하면 더 나은 주거 환경으로 옮길 수 있기에 잠깐의 불편은 참을 수 있다고 생각한다. 하지만 삶의 방식이 바뀌었다. 가족을 이루기 위한 '과정'으로서의 1인 주거가 아닌, 완성형 1인 주거의 가능성을 생각하게 됐다. 이에 맞는 집은 어떤 모양을 하고 있을까.

지난해 12월에 문을 열어 올해 2월부터 11명이 둥지를 튼 종로구 궁정동의 '청운광산'은 삼시옷의 최근작이다. 1인 1실로 방은 개인이 따로 쓰고 화장실과 욕실, 주방은 함께 사용한다. 이곳의 입주 경쟁률은 치열하다. 청와대 인근, 도심지와 가까우면서도 아주 잘 지은 집이기 때문이다. 청운광산의 방은 모두 다른 구조로 방마다 창 모양도 모두 다르다. 9~12㎡(2.7~3.6평)의 작은 공간이지만 짜임새 있게 배열된 가구와 시원하게 뚫린 창으로 들어오는 화사한 신록이 인상적이다. 한 층 4명의 거주자가 한 번에 사용하는 데 부족함이 없도록 샤워실, 두 개의 변기, 세면대 공간을 나눠 문을 달았다. 캐리어를 이용해 이사하는 1인 가구를 위해 캐리어를 두는 공간을 둔다든지, 자기 전 넷플릭스나 유튜브를 즐기는 요즘 청년들의 라이프스타일을 고려해 침대맡에 콘센트를 두는 등 작은 배려도 돋보인다.

서울시 토지임대부 사회주택 첫 번째 사업자로 선정돼 '40년 장기 임대'로 개발된 청운광산에는 몇 가지 입주 조건이 있다. 1인 가구, 주택 및 자동차 미보유, 도시근로자 소득 70% 이하 등이다. 월 임대료는 42만원 선이다.

청년 복지 목적으로 만들어지는 주거는 어떤 방식으로든 공공 자본의 도움을 받는다. 그래서 기존에는 보다 많은 사람이 혜택을 받을 수 있도록 최대한 '저렴하게' 지어야 한다는 생각이 강했다. 하지만 삼시옷은 청년 주거여도 좋은 품질의 공간을 만들어야 한다고 생각한다. 잠시 거쳐 가는 집이 아니라, 오래 머물 수 있는 집. 한 번 계약하고 만족스러워 또다시 계약해 오래 살 수 있는 집을 추구한다. 기숙사 형태의, 거의 모든 것을 공유하는 방식도 지양한다. 김민철 대표는 "적어도 1명이 1개의 방은 가져야 한다는 최소한의 기준으로 작업 한다"며 "우리는 '느슨한 공동체'라고 표현하는데, 개인적인 공간과 공용 공간이 조화를 이룰 수 있도록 노력한다"고 했다. 개인의 사생활은 중시하면서 공동체가 주는 긍정적인 기운을 누릴 수 있도록 설계한다는 의미다.

"통의동 집 입주자가 입주 후 집과 도시를 만나는 경험이 풍부해졌다는 얘기를 들은 적이 있어요. 오피스텔에 살 때는 '회사-지하철-오피스텔 내 방'의 도식에서 벗어나지 않았는데, 통의동으로 이사한 후에는 집 주변 산책도 하고, 실내 공유 공간에서 사람들과 만나며 도시와 집에 대한 또 다른 경험을 한다는 거죠."

삼시옷이 만드는 공유 주택도 전체 면적을 입주자 숫자로 나누면 원룸에 허락되는 1인당 18㎡의 면적은 대동소이하다. 하지만 한 공간에 주방·침실·욕실의 기능을 압축하지 않고 재분배 해 완전히 다른 생활을 할 수 있도록 만든다. 김민철 대표는 공유 주택의 기획과 설계를 두고 "공간의 재편집이자 삶의 재편집"이라고 표현했다. 물론 누군가와 공유하는 공간에 불편함을 느껴 작아도 혼자인 것이 편한 사람들이 있다. 김민철 대표는 "그래도 (공유 주택 같은) 선택지가 있는 것과 없는 것은 다른 문제"라고 말한다.

최근 삼시옷의 고민은 공유 공간을 넘어, 동네로 확장하는 '공공 공간'이다. 면적 상 한계가 있는 공유주택 건물 하나에서 입주민의 생활이 끝나는 게 아니라, 집 주변 동네 골목의 다양한 공간을 또 다른 공유 공간으로 확장해 사용한다는 개념이다. 청운광산 근처 공원이나 동네 서점·카페 등 작은 가게들이 집이 가진 작은 공간의 한계를 보완해줄 수 있다는 것. 또 집과 동네의 경계에서 중간 정도로 열린 공유 공간을 만들기도 한다. 청운광산 1층의 발표 카페 '큔'은 입주민이 아니더라도 누구나 들를 수 있다.

이런 실험들은 모두 입주민들이 보다 좋은 환경에서 거주할 수 있도록 하기 위한 고민에서 출발한다. 공유 주택을 만들면 흔히 주방이나 1층 광장 같은 곳을 크게 만들어 입주민들이 즐겁게 어울리고 많은 이벤트가 일어나길 바라지만, 요즘처럼 간편식이 발달하고 개인화된 삶이 익숙해진 시대에 넓은 주방과 목적 없이 만들어진 광장은 불필요할 수 있다. 김 대표는 "청운광산 내부처럼 주방을 작게 만들고 1층에 '큔'처럼 운영 주체가 따로 있는 열린 공유 공간을 만드는 편이 1인 가구의 변화하는 라이프 스타일에 더 맞다"고 말했다.

삼시옷의 실험은 올해 노량진에 13가구를 위한 공유주택을 짓는 것으로 이어진다. 개인 책상을 공유 공간으로 빼거나, 개인 공간에 발코니를 넣거나, 디자인 학교 학생들의 생산 기지를 만드는 일 등 다양한 실험을 계획하고 있다.

"1인 가구 수가 늘면서 삶의 모습도 제각각 달라지고 있어요. 복지 차원이 아닌, 민간이나 기업에서 투자하는 공유 주거 사업 모델이 많아지는 이유죠. 이제는 주거의 질에 대해 고민할 시점이라고 생각합니다. 삼시옷의 공유 주거 모델이 다양해진 1인 가구 라이프 스타일에 맞는 보다 경쟁력 있는 상품이 됐으면 합니다."

유지연 기자

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Seoul Social Standard's goal is creating a not-so-tight-knit community

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Seoul Social Standard, a social enterprise, is often dubbed "three siot" as the name's three words all start with siot, a consonant in the Korean language. While the company loves the cute and catchy nickname, it doesn't reflect the serious nature ..

# data[].attributes.body
해석본

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary List
1) mankind : 인류
2) moved up : 앞당기다
3) equivalent : 등가의
4) meet : 충족시키다
5) current : 현재
6) consumption rate : 소비율
7) statement : 진술서, 성명
8) akin : ~와 유사한
9) carbon dioxide : 이산화물
10) overspending : 과소비
11) biodiversity : 생물다양성
12) deforestation : 산림 벌채
13) frequent : 잦은, 빈번한
14) emission : 배출
15) decisive : 결단력 있는

Summary
Throughout 2019, humanity has reported that it will spend all the resources.
Earth Overshoot Day is called to use nature than regeneration.
Global ecological overconsumption costs have become clear in the form of deforestation, soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, or carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere.
Mathis Wackernagel, founder of the Global Footprint Network, said there is only one Earth This is ultimately the context of defining human existence.
We can't use the earth without destructive results.
The environmental group in Oakland, California said that it also leads to climate change and more frequent extreme weather phenomena.
Maria Carolina Schmidt Zaldivar said the main cause of the date that falls before and before is that CO2 emissions are increasing.

My Opinion
Natural resources disappear when they are depleted.
We need to know the characteristics of natural resources.
You have to be precious because it's not reusable.
People take nature for granted.
I think we should treat nature as precious as myself.
As the Global Footprint Network said that there is only one Earth, we think we have the obligation to protect the only one earth.
For example, as global warming becomes serious, many animals are becoming extinct. In order to protect endangered animals, we need to create a protected place to live. Like this, we have to find out what problems are encountered and think about the solution.
What other problems do you have? I ask you a question.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
PARIS (AFP) -- Mankind will have used up its allowance of natural resources such as water, soil and clean air for all of 2019 by Monday, a report said.

The so-called Earth Overshoot Day has moved up by two months over the past 20 years and this year's date is the earliest ever, the study by the Global Footprint Network said.

The equivalent of 1.75 planets would be required to produce enough to meet humanity's needs at current consumption rates.

"Earth Overshoot Day falling on July 29 means that humanity is currently using nature 1.75 times faster than our planet's ecosystems can regenerate.

This is akin to using 1.75 Earths," the environmental group, which is headquartered in Oakland, California, said in a statement.

"The costs of this global ecological overspending are becoming increasingly evident in the form of deforestation, soil erosion, biodiversity loss, or the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The latter leads to climate change and more frequent extreme weather events," it added.

Calculated since 1986, the grim milestone has arrived earlier each year.

In 1993, it fell on October 21, in 2003 on September 22, and in 2017 on August 2.

"We have only got one Earth -- this is the ultimately defining context for human existence. We can't use 1.75 (earths) without destructive consequences," said Mathis Wackernagel, founder of Global Footprint Network.

Maria Carolina Schmidt Zaldivar, Chile's environment minister and chair of the Climate COP25 scheduled this December in Santiago, said a major cause of the date falling earlier and earlier was growing amounts of CO2 emissions.

"The importance of decisive action is becoming ever more evident," she said.

Individuals can get involved by calculating their own ecological footprint at http://www.footprintcalculator.org. (AFP)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Earth's 2019 resources 'budget' spent by July 29: report

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
PARIS (AFP) -- Mankind will have used up its allowance of natural resources such as water, soil and clean air for all of 2019 by Monday, a report said.The so-called Earth Overshoot Day has moved up by two months over the past 20 years and this year's date is the earliest ever, the study by the Global Footprint Network said.The equivalent of 1.75 planets would be required to produce enough to meet humanity's needs at ...

# data[].attributes.body
<Summary>
Over the past two years, it has not been easy not only to travel in Korea but also to travel abroad due to COVID-19. As a result, Incheon International Airport, Korea's international airport, naturally disappeared. However, the number of people at Incheon International Airport is

# data[].attributes.body
Over the past two years, it has not been easy not only to travel in Korea but also to travel abroad due to COVID-19. As a result, Incheon International Airport, Korea's international airport, naturally disappeared. However, the number of people at Incheon International Airport is

# data[].attributes.body
1.Biologics : 생물학
2.government : 정부
3.continuously : 계속
4.manufacturing : 제조업
5.substances : 결정체
6.batch : 집단
7.approvals : 인정, 찬성
8.temperature : 온도, 기온
9.automated : 자동화된
10.established : 인정받는
11.interruption : 중단
12.laboratories : 검사실
13.corporate : 기업
14.achievement : 업적
15.transmitted : 전송

[summaray]
Samsung Biologics has signed a vaccine manufacturing contract.Vaccines are being supplied in large quantities overseas, and Samsung began pilot production in August.According to industry sources, the domestic distribution of Moderna packaged by Samsung has been advanced by four months.In addition, both Seoul and other regions have maintained a stable decline, and the number of patients has been on the decline for three consecutive weeks.

[opinion]
I think it is fortunate that the COVID-19 vaccination is going smoothly. As the number of COVID-19 infections is decreasing, are also looking forward to quarantine in Korea. However, Corona Blue, one of the social issues caused by Corona. Corona blue is a compound word of COVID-19 and blue, indicating depression, which acts as one of the biggest psychological factors that have occurred in society at this point. I felt sorry for the depression and psychological factors brought by COVID-19 that greatly affected society. The reason is that depression has increased significantly in 2020 when COVID-19 broke out compared to 2019. When I saw this article, I came to think that I wish COVID-19 would end in a hurry

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Around 2.4 million doses of Moderna's Covid-19 vaccine packaged locally by the Korean drugmaker Samsung Biologics are to be used in Korea.

This is the first time a Moderna batch that was locally bottled will be used in the country.

"A total of 2,435,000 doses of Moderna's vaccine bottled by Samsung Biologics will be introduced in Korea this week," said Ryu Geun-hyeok, a second vice minister of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, during a briefing Tuesday.

"Following President Moon Jae-in's trip to the United States for the Korea-U.S. summit in May, Samsung Biologics and Moderna signed a deal for [packaging] in the presence of the president," Ryu noted. "The government and Moderna have continuously held discussions [...] onthe need for domestic supply of locally produced vaccines."

Samsung Biologics, the biotech arm of Samsung Group, signed a contract manufacturing agreement with Cambridge, Massachusetts-based Moderna to do "fill-finish" manufacturing of its mRNA Covid-19 vaccine. The vaccine substances arrive in bulk from overseas and Samsung Biologics does the packaging. In August, Samsung started pilot production.

The 2.4 million doses are part of a 40 million dose contract between Moderna and the government.

"We have agreed to distribute the first batch locally and will continue talks with Moderna for future supplies," said Jung Eun-young, head of the country's vaccine introduction task force.

This is the second time that a Covid-19 vaccine produced in Korea is to be used at home following SK Bioscience's manufacturing of the AstraZeneca vaccine, which has been used since February.

The local distribution of Moderna's batch packaged by Samsung was advanced by four months, according to industry sources.

In order to ship a vaccine, it must undergo many stages of manufacturing, quality control and approvals. For Moderna's vaccine, there was a robust partnership among government agencies, Samsung and Moderna.

Vaccines based on mRNA have stringent temperature rules as they can easily be destroyed by heat. In order to defrost and prepare the raw material, a system for bottling in complete asepsis and an automated inspection for foreign materials must be established. The complete procedure from manufacturing to fill-and-finish stages must be carried out without interruption, and the vaccine must be stored at minus 20 degrees Celsius immediately after production.

Affiliates in the Samsung Group helped. Samsung Biologics received vaccine samples from European laboratories in the shortest period with the help of Samsung SDS, and streamlined its internal production facilities in cooperation with Samsung Electronics' Smart Factory team. The Smart Factory project is part of Samsung's corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs.

The drug safety ministry, on the other hand, formed a dedicated task force for the early supply of vaccines and carried out licensing procedures and shipment inspections at the same time. It also assigned additional manpower to issue a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) certification. Those efforts significantly sped up the process, and on Monday, the ministry granted GMP certification to Samsung Biologics and gave emergency approval for the use of the vaccines.

"This is an achievement born out of cooperation between the public and private sectors so the public can get vaccines produced here," Ryu said. "It will serve as an opportunity for Korea to establish itself as a vaccine hub that contributes to the global supply of vaccines while laying the foundation for stable vaccine production in Korea."

The Moderna doses will be used for new inoculations in the fourth quarter, second shots and booster shots.

With Korea now having an adequate supply for its vaccination campaign, the government expects to soon reach its next vaccination target: 80 percent of the country's population.

"As of Monday, the fully-vaccinated population exceeded 36 million and reached 70.9 percent," Ryu said. "The percentage of people who received one dose is at 79.5 percent, so [the 80 percent milestone] is not impossible to achieve, and is essential to push for a safe return to normalcy."

He also stressed that high participation in vaccinations led to a decrease in new infections.

On Tuesday, Korea reported 1,266 new Covid-19 cases, of which all but 20 were locally transmitted.

"Both the greater Seoul area and other parts of the country are maintaining a stable decline [in infections]," Ryu added. "The number of patients has been on a decline for three consecutive weeks, down 46 percent from the fifth week of September, when cases recorded the highest level."

BY SEO JI-EUN [seo.jieun1@joongang.co.kr]

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Locally bottled Moderna shots to go into Korean arms

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Around 2.4 million doses of Moderna's Covid-19 vaccine packaged locally by the Korean drugmaker Samsung Biologics are to be used in Korea. This is the first time a Moderna batch that was locally bottled will be used in the country.

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary
1 hottest - 가장더운
2 choreograph - 안무를 짜다
3 posted - 공고된
4 viral - 바이러스성
5 office- 관청의
6 rooftop - 옥상의
7 laundry - 빨래하다
8 fomerly - 종전의
9 now-disbanded - 지금 나와있는
10 professor - 교수
11 venue - 장소
12 author - 저자의
13 necessarily - 필연적으로
14 transcend - 초월하다
15 critic - 비평의

summary
Singer Zico released an album called Any Song. This song became famous through a medium called TikTok. It was to upload a challenge with singers and actors and dance to any song for a minute.
According to TikTok, there are more than 50,000 videos made with any song in the background over a week and about 55 million views are recorded in the challenge projection.
Some analysts say that "any song" is a success story of real viral marketing. This is because, unlike marketing through Facebook pages claimed by singers suspected of hoarding music sources, voluntary participation and sharing can be confirmed with their own eyes.
With this charm, it has emerged as an important music consumption platform overseas. Lil Nas X's Old Town Road, which topped the U.S. Billboard single chart Hot 100 last year for 19 weeks, is a typical example.
Also, it was easy to take pictures in everyday life. Taking pictures with family and friends to create fun memories.

My Opinion
The reason why the Any Song Challenge became famous is because it contains short videos, but it seems to have become famous because it contains fun elements and ends without being bored at the speed of Koreans.
I think it was a good challenge because there was a dance that was easy to follow the video and the general public could enjoy it together.
As a result, I think the challenge is greatly influenced by the fact that there are more short videos overseas and people from other countries can follow and enjoy Korean dances.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
If it has recently seemed like everyone has started dancing on your social media feed, you're not alone. The hottest trend this winter isn't a long coat or a sweet drink, but the "Any Song" challenge, a choreographed dance to the song of the same name by local rapper Zico.

"I couldn't believe it when I saw [singer] Lee Hyori dancing to the song," Zico said during an interview on the SBS program "Night of Real Entertainment" on Wednesday. "The challenge had really taken off!"

Zico, the rapper and member of boy band Block B, first posted the challenge on the video-sharing social network TikTok on Jan. 13 and followed up with videos of him dancing the moves to "Any Song" along with Hwasa of girl group Mamamoo and singer Chungha.

On TikTok, users can share short videos along with the background music of their choice. The app is owned and run by Beijing-based ByteDance.

Zico's videos quickly went viral, and more than 100,000 people worldwide have uploaded clips of themselves participating in the challenge.

The users chose to dance wherever they were, in an office, at home in their living room, on a rooftop with laundry hanging in the background or outdoors with palm trees swaying behind them.

Couples, co-workers, friends, daughters and mothers and any other combination you could think of have gotten in on the fun.

Stars have taken part in the challenge as well, including Tiffany formerly of Girls' Generation, Sandara Park, AB6IX, Cai Xukun and Fan Chengcheng of now-disbanded Chinese boy band Nine Percent, members of Chinese boy band Unine and Chinese actors Lan Yingying and Jiang Shuying.

"Any Song" itself has remained on the top of the local music charts in Korea since its release on Jan. 13.

Experts say there is something different about the popularity of this song compared to the way that Korean music has gone viral in the past.

"In the case of Psy's 'Gangnam Style' and Twice's 'TT,' these songs went viral as people followed the dance moves," said Lee Gyu-tag, professor of pop music and media studies at George Mason University Korea in Incheon. "But in the case of 'Any Song,' the music itself plays as big of a role as the dance. Also, the function in TikTok that allows people to make their own videos to the selected music will only get more popular."

"Apps like TikTok are a venue open to everyone," said Lee Jee-heng, the author of "BTS and ARMY Culture."

"When you see the videos uploaded by fans on fan websites, they're usually taken from a distance. But users on TikTok who are taking up the challenge are not necessarily fans but those who want to take part in the challenge out of fun. So you can see the difference in the way they have filmed the videos up close.

"This kind of meme culture will only grow over time," she said. "And it is likely to transcend all borders in cultures and languages."

Other stars have used TikTok to post challenges with their songs before. American rapper Lil Nas X rose in popularity last February with the yeehaw challenge, as people posted videos of themselves along with his song "Old Town Road." The challenge was taken on by more than 3 million people who posted videos of themselves turning into cowboys in time for the song's drop.

The song stayed at the top of the Billboard Hot 100 chart for 17 weeks, breaking the record for the longest run atop the chart.

Lizzo's "Truth Hurts" also went viral on TikTok last year as people created their own memes to the lyrics, "I just took a DNA test, turns out I'm 100 percent that bitch."

"Memes are big abroad," said Lee Dae-hwa, a pop music critic. "They're short and funny. Those factors make them easy to share and go viral quickly."

BY MIN KYUNG-WON [chung.juhee@joongang.co.kr]

동영상 애플리케이션(앱) 틱톡의 상승세가 무섭다. 미국 시장조사기관 센서타워에 따르면 지난 한해동안 틱톡 다운로드 수는 7억4000만회로 왓츠앱(8억5000만)에 이어 2위를 차지했다. 페이스북(7억1500만)이나 인스타그램(4억5000만), 유튜브(3억)를 앞지른 것. 2017년 미국의 립싱크 앱 뮤지컬리를 인수한 이후 빠르게 몸집을 불리고 있는 틱톡의 성공에 힘입어 모기업 중국 바이트댄스의 기업가치는 750억 달러(약 87조원)로 세계 최대 유니콘(기업가치 10억 달러 이상인 비상장기업)이라는 평가를 받고 있다. Z세대를 중심으로 숏폼 비디오가 새로운 소통 수단으로 자리잡고 있는 셈이다.

가수 지코가 지난 13일 발표한 '아무노래'가 일주일 넘게 음원차트 정상을 차지하고 있는 것도 틱톡의 힘이 크다. 지코가 먼저 화사·청하·장성규·송민호 등과 함께 춤을 추는 모습을 담은 영상을 올리면서 이효리·크러쉬 등 자발적인 참여도 이어졌다. "아무 노래나 일단 틀어/ 아무거나 신나는 걸로/ 아무렇게나 춤춰" 등 신나는 가사에 맞춰 누구나 쉽게 따라 출 수 있도록 안무를 구상한 것도 주효했다. 지난해부터 틱톡 영상 길이가 15초에서 최대 1분으로 길어지긴 했지만 누구나 충분히 도전해 볼만한 춤으로 자리잡은 것이다. 틱톡에 따르면 1주일간 '아무노래'를 배경으로 만들어진 영상만 5만건이 넘고, 열흘간 '아무노래 챌린지(#anysongchallenge)' 관련 영상 조회 수는 약 5500만회에 달한다.

음원 사재기를 저격한 듯한 노랫말도 화제를 모았다. 네티즌 사이에서 "왜들 그리 다운돼 있어(...)분위기가 겁나 싸해 요샌 이런 게 유행인가" "만감이 교차하는 새벽 2시경 술잔과 감정이 소용돌이쳐" 등이 발라드 일색이 된 음원차트를 염두에 둔 것이 아니냐는 해석이 나오고 있는 것. 지코가 공식적으로 사재기 문제를 제기한 적은 없지만 2011년 블락비로 데뷔해 동고동락한 박경이 지난해 11월 트위터에 실명으로 6팀을 언급한 것과 맞물려 기정사실처럼 받아들여지고 있다.

'아무노래'야말로 진짜 바이럴 마케팅의 성공 사례라는 분석도 나온다. 음원 사재기로 의심받고 있는 가수들이 주장한 페이스북 페이지를 통한 마케팅과 달리 자발적 참여와 공유가 이뤄지고 있는 것을 눈으로 직접 확인할 수 있기 때문이다. 한국 조지메이슨대 이규탁 교수는 "과거에는 챌린지라는 용어가 없었을 뿐 싸이의 '강남스타일'이나 트와이스의 'TT' 역시 셀러브리티들이 포인트 안무를 따라 하는 관련 영상이 퍼지면서 입소문이 난 사례"라며 "틱톡에서 음악은 영상 못지않게 중요한 요소로 활용되기 때문에 이 같은 움직임은 더욱 가속화될 것으로 보인다"고 분석했다. 틱톡의 경우 음악이 콘텐트 길이가 짧을 뿐더러 유통사 및 기획사와 협업하는 경우도 많아 저작권 문제에서도 비교적 자유로운 편이다.

이같은 매력에 힘입어 해외에서도 중요한 음악 소비 플랫폼으로 떠올랐다. 지난해 미국 빌보드 싱글 차트인 '핫 100'에서 19주간 1위를 기록한 릴 나스 엑스의 '올드 타운 로드(Old Town Road)'가 대표적이다. 래퍼 니키 미나즈의 트위터 팬 계정 운영자로 활동하던 릴 나스 엑스는 카우보이 콘셉트를 활용한 '이햐 챌린지(#yeehawchallenge)'로 빌보드 최장 1위 기록을 경신했다. 1995년 가창력을 뽐내며 16주간 정상에 오른 머라이어 캐리와 보이즈 투 멘의 '원 스위트 데이(One Sweet Day)'와 2017년 라틴팝 열풍을 불러 일으킨 루이스 폰시의 '데스파시토(Despacito)'와는 전혀 다른 방식으로 새로운 역사를 써내려간 것이다.

오는 26일(현지시간) 열리는 그래미 어워드에서 올해의 앨범ㆍ레코드ㆍ노래 등 8개 부문 후보에 올라 최다 수상을 노리는 리조 역시 틱톡이 발굴한 스타다. 2017년 발표한 '트루스 허츠(Truth Hurts)'가 틱톡에서 'DNA 테스트(#DNATest)' 배경음악으로 쓰이며 역주행에 성공한 것. "DNA 테스트를 받았더니 100% 나쁜 년(bitch)이라고 나왔어"라는 가사를 인용해 다양한 DNA를 인증하는 놀이가 이어진 덕분이다. 이대화 대중음악평론가는 "해외에서는 챌린지 영상이 밈(meme·유행 요소를 응용해 만든 사진이나 동영상)으로 소비되기 때문에 개그 코드가 있는 것이 확산에 유리하다"며 "짧은 영상 안에서 반전 효과를 노릴 수 있기 때문"이라고 설명했다.

챌린지가 진행되는 방식도 각양각색이다. 방탄소년단은 지난해 9월 틱톡 계정을 개설한 지 3시간 31분 만에 팔로워 100만명을 돌파해 기네스 월드 레코드에 등재됐고, 이에 맞춰 진행한 제이홉 솔로곡 '치킨 누들 수프(Chicken Noodle Soup)' 챌린지는 틱톡 안에서 큰 반향을 일으켰다. 2016년 발표된 스텔라장의 '컬러스(#colors)'는 지난해 틱톡의 영상 배경음악으로 해외에서 먼저 주목을 받기 시작해 이후 '컬러컬렉터(#colorcollector)' 챌린지가 기획된 경우다. 카메라앱 스노우에서 '컬러스 필터'가 출시되는 등 화제를 모으면서 해당 곡이 발표된지 4년 만인 지난 16일 스텔라장이 Mnet '엠카운트다운'에 출연해 무대를 선보이기도 했다.

『BTS와 아미 컬처』를 쓴 문화연구자 이지행씨는 "팬덤이 만드는 콘텐트와 대중이 즐기는 콘텐트는 다소 차이가 있다"며 "팬들은 해당 곡을 다각도로 소비하기 때문에 챌린지에 참여해도 얼굴을 가리거나 멀리서 찍는 경우가 많다면, 그 놀이에 참여하기 위한 틱톡커는 보다 적극적으로 임한다"고 밝혔다. 이어 "다양한 분야의 문화콘텐트에서 국가·언어 등의 경계가 빠르게 허물어지고 있기 때문에 즉각적인 독해가 가능한 밈 컬처의 파급력은 점차 더 커질 것"이라고 덧붙였다.

민경원 기자 storymin@joongang.co.kr

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
'Any Song' is a viral hit thanks to TikTok challenge: Rapper Zico's catchy song and dance have become a craze all around the world

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
If it has recently seemed like everyone has started dancing on your social media feed, you're not alone. The hottest trend this winter isn't a long coat or a sweet drink, but the "Any Song" challenge, a choreographed dance to the song of the same nam

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary list

1.  financial(재정적인
2. cryptocurrencies(암호화폐
3. implement(시행하다
4. policy(정책
5. taxes(세금
6. exchanges(교환하다
7. transactions(거래
8. pandemic(유행병
9.  worldwide(전 세계적인
10. monetary(화폐의
11. analyst(분석가
12. loopholes(허점
13. convince(납득시키다
14. method(방법
15. government(정치

Summary

Korea's financial supervisory authorities and tax authorities are focusing on cryptocurrency in Korea for two reasons because cryptocurrency transactions are considered taxable and are used as a means of money laundering, but cash conversion accelerates. Since then, the government will implement a taxation policy for cryptocurrency transactions next year in Korea. This policy imposes a 20% income tax on transactions when income is more than 2.5 million won.

my opinion

It is a policy to check the digital market that uses Korean cryptocurrency to earn money through money laundering or power, but this is also fatal to our citizens.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
By Lee Min-hyungKorea's financial regulators and tax authorities are focusing on the use of cryptocurrencies here for two reasons: they have deemed cryptocurrency transactions as taxable, and believe the conversion of cash into cryptocurrencies as a means of money laundering is accelerating.After years of fluctuations, the global cryptocurrency market is seeing signs of rationalization, as a new order is starting to prevail, with a few major digital tokens, including bitcoin, establishing a controlling presence. Top investment banks are on track to sell investment products using bitcoin as a base, with central banks inching toward establishing CBDCs (central bank digital currencies).In South Korea, the government is set to implement a policy for the taxation of cryptocurrency trading next year. The policy implements a 20 percent "income tax" from trading when revenue tops 2.5 million won ($2,120). Behind the plan is the ongoing expansion of the country's cryptocurrency market in terms of transaction volumes, leading the authorities to decide the time was ripe for introducing taxes. The Ministry of Economy and Finance recently rejected a petition to delay these. Data released by Rep. Kwon Eun-hee of the main opposition People Power Party, showed that investors traded cryptocurrencies worth 3,584 trillion won in the nation's four biggest exchanges in the first nine months of this year, a more than six-fold growth year-on-year.The Financial Services Commission (FSC) recently ordered all of the country's cryptocurrency exchange operators to provide details on transactions they conducted, a requirement that forced minor operators to shut down.Amid the continued pandemic, central banks worldwide have maintained "accommodative" monetary policies through super-low interest rates ― a direction followed by the Bank of Korea. This situation has resulted in the local financial market seeing ample liquidity.Because of soaring housing prices here, younger people, particularly those in their 20s and 30s, have been rushing into crypto trading, with analysts and officials dubbing the trend, a "crypto craze." This saw the volume of trading between January and September of this year topping that of the benchmark KOSPI, backing up local regulators' claims that there was a need to tax "crypto-gains."Some lawmakers and industry officials have argued that the immediate implementation of taxation could cause adverse effects, because there are many loopholes in the current plan. Until more specifics are set, they say the financial authorities should reschedule the imposition of taxes. "At least another year will be needed, as the financial authorities should convince crypto investors why paying the tax makes sense," said one industry official.Even some lawmakers from the ruling Democratic Party of Korea (DPK) having been talking about the necessity of a phased approach in terms of initiating the taxation plan. They are urging the authorities not to introduce the tax right away, as both exchanges and the tax authorities have not fully prepared a system for handling it."To collect a capital gains tax from crypto trading, one of the requirements is to calculate the purchasing price of each crypto asset precisely. But it is hard to do so for the time being, as cryptocurrencies can be transferred from one exchange to another," Rep. Noh Woong-rae of the ruling DPK said.He also took issue with legal loopholes surrounding crypto trading via overseas exchanges. "If a (Korean) investor uses an overseas exchange, they do not have to report the act of trading to the local tax authorities, so this can end up creating a method for tax evasion," according to the lawmaker."Our position is that the financial authorities should allow a grace period of a year, and set up a better system. But they are pushing ahead with it at a time when the government is not even capable of collecting the tax," Noh said.Another reason to delay the imposition is due to fairness, he said. The financial authorities have decided to levy taxes on stock trading revenue from the beginning of 2023, but the basis for the tax on stock transactions is less strict than that for cryptocurrency gains.Stock investors are liable to pay a capital gains tax only when their revenue tops 50 million won, which is considered a much more lax standard when compared with the cryptocurrency tax. Officials say that crypto investors are crying foul over the different standards for these two types of "non-taxable income." Financial authorities asked to convince investors why tax makes sense

Fairness amid the "crypto craze"

Despite such differences regarding the timing of implementing taxation on crypto-trading, Finance Minister Hong Nam-ki reiterated his determination to go forward with the earlier schedule."The government has prepared for the crypto tax for about two years, and it is hard for us to delay the introduction of the tax, as we have to maintain credibility for the policy," Hong told lawmakers during a National Assembly audit last month.National Tax Service Commissioner Kim Dae-ji also said that his agency was in the process of establishing a network for implementing the crypto tax in a timely manner by hiring more staff."We are making internal preparations to impose the tax next year without any problems," he said early last month during the Assembly audit.Officials have also called for the need to revise the hasty taxation scheme on cryptocurrency."The crypto industry is still in its infancy, but its trading volume is growing at an alarming pace. Investors will be confused once again if an incomplete tax policy comes into effect," an official in the industry said.According to data from Noh's office, the number of crypto exchange users here has soared to more than 7.23 million, as of the end of July, from around 1.5 million at the end of 2020. The daily average transaction volume of cryptocurrencies also reached 22 trillion won in April, which is close to that on the main bourse here.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
[ANALYSIS] Korea's crypto taxation plan receiving mixed reviews

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
By Lee Min-hyungKorea's financial regulators and tax authorities are focusing on the use of cryptocurrencies here for two reasons: they have deemed cryptocurrency transactions as taxable, and believe the conversion of cash into cryptocurrencies as a means of money laundering is accelerating.After years of fluctuations, the global cryptocurrency market is seeing signs of rationalization, as a new order is starting to prevail, with a few major digital tokens, including bitcoin, establishing a controlling presence.

# data[].attributes.body
[vocabulary list]
1. imagery 형상화
2. prop 소품
3. petition 청원
4. generate 생성하다
5. weapon 무기
6. launch  시작하다
7. excuse 변명하다
8. court 법원
9. ammunition 탄약
10. wound 상처
11. rubber 고무
12. tragedy 비극
13. industry 산업
14. outlaw 무법자
15. representation 대표

[summary]
Director dies and actor injured while filming. this accident become famous as Alec Baldwin and  Hollywood . because he advocated against gun ownership. also, Hollywood has CG capabilities that don't require the use of real guns. so, this calls for a ban on real guns on movie sets.

[my opinion]
l agree to have a personal Gun .
but, everyone opposes to have.
if you pass the test like a driver's license, you can have Gun. because Gun is not necessarily bad. if you have Gun, you can protect something precious from enemies.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
With computer-created imagery, Hollywood filmmakers can produce just about anything: detailed universes, trips to outer space, travels to the future or the distant past.

Yet, many movie productions still use real guns during filming. And even with strong rules and requirements about the use of such weaponry, people can get killed.

That is what happened last week in the state of New Mexico. The famous actor Alec Baldwin used a prop gun on the set of the movie, Rust. According to court documents, an assistant director had announced on set that the gun was "cold," meaning it had no ammunition and was safe to use. But, he was wrong.

Baldwin shot the gun, killing cinematographer Halyna Hutchins and wounding the film's director, Joel Souza.

Souza was treated at a hospital and is recovering.

The term "prop gun" can be used for anything from a rubber toy to a real firearm that can fire live ammunition, like a bullet.

Movie making sometimes involves ammunition called blanks, which have everything needed to fire the gun but does not include a bullet, or other dangerous projectiles.

Still, even blanks can hurt or kill someone who is close by, says the Actors' Equity Association, a labor group.

The tragedy has led people in Hollywood and the general public to ask: Why are real guns ever used on set, when computers can create gunshots after filming?

Alexi Hawley is the producer of a police television show called The Rookie. Following Hutchins' death, he wrote to his employees that there "will be no more 'live' weapons on the show." Hawley's note was first reported by The Hollywood Reporter and confirmed by The Associated Press.

Craig Zobel is director of the popular series Mare of Easttown. He called for the whole industry to follow Hawley's lead. He said gunshot effects on his show are added after filming.

"There's no reason to have guns loaded with blanks or anything on set anymore," Zobel wrote on Twitter. "Should just be fully outlawed. There's computers now," he wrote.

Bill Dill is a cinematographer who taught Halyna Hutchins at the American Film Institute. The 42-year-old Hutchins was considered a rising star in her field.

He expressed anger over the continued tradition of using real guns loaded with blanks. Dill said there was added danger from real guns because "people are working long hours" on films and are usually very tired.

"There's no excuse for using live weapons," he added.

A petition was launched over the weekend on change.org for real guns to be banned from production sets. "There is no excuse for something like this to happen in the 21st century," the petition said of the tragedy.

The petition appealed to Alec Baldwin directly "to use his power and influence" in the industry and support "Halyna's Law." The law would ban the use of real firearms on set.

Many in the moviemaking industry are calling to ban blanks and only use representations of guns or real guns that cannot be fired.

Liz Garbus is a movie director. She wrote on Twitter, "Really, there is no good reason in this day to have blanks on set." She added that computer- generated imagery, or CGI, "can make the gun seem 'real.'"

Using CGI instead of using a real weapon creates additional costs for directors and others in the film industry. Garbus said if a project does not have the money for CGI, it should cut gunfire action from the production.

Broadway actor and writer Harvey Fierstein says the tragedy makes him question why Hollywood is not depending more on special effects.

"Why, with all of the Hollywood magic available, are they still firing off gun powder?" he wrote on Facebook. "Why chance an accident in the first place?"

But he also said Hutchins' death raised even bigger questions.

"With all of that Hollywood talent and imagination [why] are we still writing stories about shooting one another?" he asked. "Do we really have nothing better to spend millions of dollars on than the glamorization of gun battles?"

I'm Caty Weaver.

And I'm Ashley Thompson.
The Associated Press reported this story. Ashley Thompson adapted it for VOA Learning English. Caty Weaver was the editor.
_____________________________________________________________

Words in This Story

prop - n. an object that is used by a performer or actor or that is used to create a desired effect in a scene on a stage, in a movie, etc.

cinematographer - n. a specialist in the art, process, or job of filming movies

petition - n. a written document that people sign to show that they want a person or organization to do or change something

generate - v. to produce (something) or cause (something) to be produced

talent - n. a person or group of people with a special ability to do something well

glamorization - n. the act of making something seem exciting and appealing

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Shooting Death Leads to Calls to Ban Real Guns on Film Sets

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
With computer-created imagery, Hollywood filmmakers can produce just about anything: detailed universes, trips to outer space, travels to the future or the distant past. Yet, many movie productions still use real guns during filming. And even with strong rules and requirements about the use of such weaponry, people can get killed.

# data[].attributes.body
<Vocabulary>
1) chill: 오한
2) tracksuit: 운동복
3) appear: 나타나다
4) epicenter: 진원지
5) achieve: 달성하다
6) prop: 지주, 버팀목
7) manufacture: 제조하다
8) individual: 각각의
9) firearm: 화기
10) jail: 교도소
11) obviously: 확실히
12) resemble: 닮다
13) amid: 가운데에
14) pandemic: 전국적인 유행병
15) anxious: 염려하는
16) entertaining: 재미있는

<Summary>
To celebrate Halloween in Korea this year, a party with the concept of the Netflix series 'Squid Game' was recently held in Itaewon, Seoul. But the show had problems. A very realistic toy gun caused trouble. In Korea, there are cases where real guns that look similar to toy guns cause problems, so guns are strict. Some citizens mistook it for a real gun and reported it to the police. On the other hand, there were others who responded positively. Although the drinking culture enjoyed on Halloween has a high risk of spreading the coronavirus, he said he was reluctant to Halloween, but this Halloween is good because it reduces those worries.

<My Opinion>
It is good to enjoy the festival for Halloween, but I think regulations on toy guns should be further subdivided. And I think this festival is good in that the virus infection rate is lower than the drinking culture. And I think people from other countries will be more interested in Korea while enjoying this culture.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
This biggest chills and thrills at this year's Halloween celebrations in Korea came from the hit Netflix series "Squid Game."

Dozens of Younghees or giant robot dolls, game players in green tracksuits and the murderous masked guards in hot pink jumpsuits - all characters from "Squid Game" - appeared on the back lanes of Itaewon, southern Seoul, over the weekend, the epicenter of alcohol-fueled trick-or-treating.

But with these characters came a problem that hadn't arisen before: too many guns.

For "Squid Game" fans wanting to achieve the perfect armed guard costume, fake machine guns were an essential prop. Their sole purpose in the show is to shoot the losing players at the end of each game.

The National Police Agency on Saturday warned the public that the manufacture, sale or possession of a prop gun is prohibited in Korea, and that individuals caught with a simulated firearm over the Halloween weekend could face a five million won ($4,256) fine or even up to two years in jail.

Prop guns prohibited in Korea refer to ones made out of metal that do not "obviously appear as a toy gun" according to the police.

Prop guns that closely resemble real guns are prohibited in Korea as they have been used in actual crimes and, according to the police, can cause anxiety to others.

"We often receive reports from citizens who mistaken a prop gun for a real one," said an officer of the National Police Agency on Saturday. "As we expect many people to dress up in 'Squid Game' costumes, we will be reviewing the specific laws regarding simulated firearms and crack down on the ownership of these props."

"Squid Game" brought other more positive changes to this year's Halloween in Korea.

Amid the coronavirus pandemic with daily cases now recording over 2,000, many people found playing childhood games that appeared in the series as an alternative to celebrating Halloween outside by drinking and partying.

"I wanted to enjoy Halloween but the idea of me going out to a bar and drinking without wearing a mask made me anxious," said a man in his 20s who spent the weekend playing marbles and other childhood games from 'Squid Game' with his friends.

"This Halloween, I really felt that there were other entertaining ways to celebrate and enjoy the holidays apart from drinking."

"Squid Game" tells the story of a group of people who play a series of childhood games under the notion that the final winner receives prize money of 38 million dollars, while all the losers get killed.

BY LEE JIAN, KIM JI-HYE [lee.jian@joongang.co.kr]

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
'Squid Game' costumes gave police the shivers

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This biggest chills and thrills at this year's Halloween celebrations in Korea came from the hit Netflix series "Squid Game." Dozens of Younghees or giant robot dolls, game players in green tracksuits and the murderous masked guards in hot pink jumpsuits - all characters from "Squid Game" - appeared on the back lanes of Itaewon, southern Seoul, over the weekend, the epicenter of alcohol-fueled trick-or-treating.

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary list
1. centered 인증
2. remote 원격
3. interfering 방해
4. compounding 합성
5. interaction 상호작용
6. widened 넓어진
7. pandemic 감염병 세계적 유행
8. equivalent 동등한
9. below 아래에
10. corresponding 상응하는, 일치하는
11. engaged 약속된, 종사하는
12. videoconferencing 화상회의
13. respondent 응답자
14. negatively 부정적으로
15. diagnosed 진단

Summury

Because of Covid-19 class is processing by remote

Owing to remote class student’s learning deviation is deeping

Most of teachers are also thinking about it.

But Korean authorities are slow to solve the problem.

Ministry of Education invested much money, result was not good.

Ministry of Education examined about face-to-face, as number of covid confimed ceases increase this plane can be set off.

The Ministry is making an effort to do face-to-face.

My opinion

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
[News Focus] Achievement gaps widen as remote learning continues amid COVID-19

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Classrooms centered on remote learning are interfering with learning and compounding existing achievement gaps among students in South Korea, a report has found. The report released Tuesday showed that the achievement gap among middle school students grew faster in 2020 than in previous years.

# data[].attributes.body
government : 정부   exhaust : 배기 가스0
component : 요소   fluid : 체액
aircraft : 항공기   Officials : 공무원
diplomatic channels : 외교 채널
accounting : 회계 Additionally: 추가적으로
Infrastructure : 하부 구조 Transport : 수송
announced : 발표  crackdown: 단속
illegally : 불법적으로  tampered : 조작된
emissions : 배출 statement  : 성명
nitrogen : 질소  injected : 주사
machinery: 기계   stockpile : 비축
communicating : 의사소통  industries  : 산업
statement: 성명  stabilize : 안정시키다
containers: 그릇  containing : 함유
delivered: 배달   reportedly :보도에 따르면
firefighters : 소방관  prevented : 방지
operating : 운영 Currently : 현재
passenger: 승객  DEF: 디젤배기유체

Summary
The government  announced that DEF will flow in 20,000 liters. The announcement follows a government meeting led by Finance Minister Hong Nam-ki on Sunday.
Urea is the main component of DEF emissions in diesel-powered vehicles.
The Diesel cehicle is DEF reservoirs regularly. Even public buses and emergency vehicles are seeing reserves of DEF dry up.Currently, some 2 million trucks and 2 million diesel-powered passenger vehicles are estimated to require DEF in Korea.

My Opinion
I think that It causes environmental pollution but good results came out by quickly preventing and solving the causes of environmental pollution with good measures. I felt korea needs a talent with me

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary list

1) subscription: 구독

2) foothold: 발판

3) popular: 인기 있는

4) available: 구할 수 있는

5) success: 성공

6) strategy: 계획

7) industry: 산업, 공업

8) company: 회사

9) official: 공식적인

10) convenience: 편의, 편리

11) factor: 요인

12) attributes: 속성

13) reputation: 평판, 명성

14) recently: 최근에

15) genre: 장르

Summary

Manta, a global webtoon subscription launched by Korean digital content firm RIDI, is fast gaining a foothold in the American market. The app also recently released some of its most popular series as free to read, with plans to diversify its content, offering even more by bringing in more genres and original content.

My opinion
Manta, allows people around the world to subscription to webtoon. I think it can be Netflix in the webtoon world. so it's an opportunity to promote Korean webtoons global. If provide more genres and original content, Manta will be able to grow further.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Manta, a global webcomic subscription service launched by South Korean digital content firm RIDI, is fast gaining a foothold in the North American market, the company said Tuesday.

Three months after its November launch, Manta had become the most popular app in the free cartoon chart of Google's app store in the US. After six months, it achieved the milestone of 1 million downloads, the firm said. It is now available in 175 countries.

The early success of Manta comes amid the growing global popularity of Korean digital comics, driven by platform giants Naver and Kakao.

Yet Manta's unique strategies appear to have played a part. Manta is the first subscription and curation-based service in the webcomics industry.

Company officials likened the app to the "Netflix of webcomics" in that it is a monthly subscription model that offers great convenience and cost-effectiveness.

According to RIDI's internal data, subscribing led to four times the amount of reads compared to an a la carte model, a factor to which Manta attributes its current reputation as a highly "bingeable" app.

Another factor behind its popularity, according to company officials, is the swift localization of content that is popular in Korea. "Under the Oak Tree," a title of immense popularity on RIDI's local platform, is paving the way with 7 million hits globally in just under five months since launching. The app also recently released some of its most popular series as free-to-read, with plans to diversify its content, offering even more by bringing in more genres and original content.

"RIDI has been securing a high volume of quality IP (intellectual property) within the e-book and web novel market for the past 10 years," says RIDI CEO Bae Ki-sik. "As the global webcomic industry expands, Manta's competitive edge will be in its content and business model."

The primary focus is on building its pool of loyal subscribers by raising brand awareness through sourcing a variety of exclusive content that will appeal to a global readership, the executive added.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Manta aims to become 'Netflix of webcomics'

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Manta, a global webcomic subscription service launched by South Korean digital content firm RIDI, is fast gaining a foothold in the North American market, the company said Tuesday. Three months after its November launch, Manta had become the most popular app in the free cartoon chart of Google's app store in the US.

# data[].attributes.body
<Vocabulary list>

presidential    대통령의
spokesperson    대변인
coverage    적용범위
tuition   수업료
thereafter   그후에

median   중앙값
eligible   자격이 있는
scholarship   장학금
specify    지정하다
coordination  조정

preside   주재하다
be briefed   브리핑을 받다
income bracket    소득구간
measure   조치
protract   뻗치다

<Summery>
The Korean Government is preparing to offer free-of-charge college education for children in low-income households and multi-children households to help them overcome the fallout of the protracted pandemic, the Covid-19 virus. The households with less than 80% income will be benefit from these policy. Additionally, they can get more scholarship from state-sponsored college. The presidential spokesperson Park Kyung-mee said, Moon president assessed the measures as encouraging, adding they are already factored into next year’s budget plans so young people will be able to immediately feel their positive impact.

<My opinion>
I think this policy(to offer free-of-charge) is very helpful for low-income households and multi-children households. In Korea, parents have to bear a lot of educational expenses. But after the Covid-19 virus emerged, parents have to bear aftermath of corona virus. Then, this policy can ease the financial burden on parents. So I think that policy is essential to them.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Photo : YONHAP News

The South Korean government is preparing to offer free-of-charge college education for younger children in low-income households and multi-children families as part of efforts to assist young adults and help the public overcome the fallout of the protracted pandemic.

Presidential Spokesperson Park Kyung-mee said on Tuesday that President Moon Jae-in was briefed on special proposals to aid young adults, including coverage of college tuition for those who are a third child and thereafter in a household whose income falls below 200 percent of the median income.

Families in the lower 80-percent income bracket are expected to benefit from these measures.

Children of low-income families will also be eligible for more state-sponsored college scholarships.

According to the spokesperson, Moon assessed the measures as encouraging, adding they are already factored into next year's budget plans so young people will be able to immediately feel their positive impact.

The government plans to specify the details of these special measures during a youth policy coordination committee meeting to be presided over by Prime Minister Kim Boo-kyum on Thursday.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
S. Korea Draws Up Plans for Free College Education to Help Less Affluent Households

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Photo : YONHAP News The South Korean government is preparing to offer free-of-charge college education for younger children in low-income households and multi-children families as part of efforts to assist young adults and help the public overcome the fallout of the protracted pandemic.

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary list
crack down on : …을 엄히 단속하다.

normalcy : 정상화

Provincial : 지방의

Agency : <특정 서비스를 제공하는 정부 기관>

conducts : (특정한 활동을) 하다.

sobriety : 술에 취하지 않은 상태, 맨 정신

file photo : 보관[자료] 사진

carry out : 수행하다

ease : 편하게 해 주다

distance : 거리

scheme : 제도

gathering : 모임

Living with COVID-19 : 단계적 일상 회복

The National Police Agency : 경찰청

entertainment district : 환락가

location : 장소

specific : 구체적인

upcoming : 다가오는

response : 반응

gradual : 점진적인

regulations : 규칙, 법령, 기본통달

extended : 늘어난

curfew : 통행금지령, 통행금지 시간

lifting : 해제

Authorities : 정부당국

note : …에 주목[주의]하다, 언급하다

introduced : 도입된

pandemic : 전세계적인 유행병

fatality : 사망자

catch : 붙잡힌

sake : 동기, 이익; 목적; 원인, 이유

statement : 성명, 진술, 서술

Summary
At the end of the year, the number of drunk drivers is increasing from 309.9 people a day in September to 361.8 people a day in October. Police will crack down on drunk driving during the year-end season.  Because more gatherings and drinking sessions are expected. The National Police Agency will carry out sobriety tests on drivers in entertainment districts. Nighttime crackdowns may be extended as the curfew of restaurants and bars will be lifted. Do not drunk drive because drunk drivers are like time bombs.

My Opinion
I think that drunk driving makes people treacherous on the roads. But it doesn't mean that you shouldn't drink alcohol because enjoying with your friends is essential. Therefore, If you happen to drink alcohol, use a chauffeur service. If you do that, you will be able to keep the road safe.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
By Lee Hae-rinPolice will crack down on drunk driving during the year-end season, as more gatherings and drinking sessions are expected, especially with the nation's eased social distancing measures in its "Living with COVID-19" plan. The National Police Agency said, Sunday, it will carry out sobriety tests on drivers in entertainment districts across the country for three months, starting Monday. The locations and times of the police checks will change often to prevent drivers from sharing information on the specific times and locations of the tests, it said."The upcoming checks are in response to the gradual lifting of social distancing regulations. Nighttime crackdowns may be extended as well, as the curfew of restaurants and bars will be lifted," the agency said.Authorities noted that accidents from drunk driving have decreased since the social distancing measures were introduced during the pandemic. For the first nine months in 2020, a total of 13,144 traffic accidents took place from drunk driving, killing 228 and injuring 21,426 people. During the same period this year, the total number decreased by 19.2 percent to 10,622, with 128 fatalities and 16,789 injured.However, the number of people caught drunk driving is on the rise again. From January to September of this year, increased police testing caught 309.9 people a day on average for driving under the influence, but the number rose to 361.8 in October. The police expect the number to increase further during the year-end season."We ask all drivers to remember that drunk driving is a ticking time bomb. Please drive safely, for the sake of both the driver and others on the road," a police official from the traffic safety department said in an official statement.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Police to crack down on drunk driving with 'return to normalcy'

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
By Lee Hae-rinPolice will crack down on drunk driving during the year-end season, as more gatherings and drinking sessions are expected, especially with the nation's eased social distancing measures in its "Living with COVID-19" plan. The National Police Agency said, Sunday, it will carry out sobriety tests on drivers in entertainment districts across the country for three months, starting Monday.

# data[].attributes.body
1.abstract 추상적인
2.sculpture 조각품
3.instrument 악기
4.conventional 관습적인, 전통적인
5.representational 구상주의적인
6.dedicated 헌신적인
7.transcend 초월하다
8.boundaries 경계(선)
9.dimensional 차원의
10.figurative 비유적인
11.strive 분투하다
12.coexistence 공존
13.attracted 매력적인
14.strength 힘
15.elaborately 정교하게

summary
this exhibition name is “Illusion of Sculpture: Passion”
abstract sculptures made with metal straps. using light and shadows of the sculptures are projected on the walls to dance, skateboard and paint, and dynamic images of people playing musical instruments. sculptor name is '엄익훔'. he said in an interview "Unlike other artists, I wanted to make 3d into 2d"

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The Pyo Gallery in Jongno District, central Seoul, is presenting "Illusion of Sculpture: Passion," a multi-dimensional shadow-art exhibition, through July 6.

In it, abstract sculptures by Eom Ikk-hoon made with metal straps are displayed. Using light, shadows of the sculptures are projected on the walls to achieve dynamic images of people dancing, skateboarding, painting and playing musical instruments.

"I used to make conventional sculptures until I noticed one day how the sculptures' shadows had soft silhouettes," Eom told the Korea JoongAng Daily at the gallery on June 16.

"Then I thought, 'What if I make an abstract sculpture but use light to turn it into representational art?'"

Since 2011, Eom has dedicated his career to "shadow sculptures" which transcend many boundaries: two-dimensional and three-dimensional, abstract and figurative, of coldness and warmth.

"Many artists strive to turn their 2D works into 3D, but I wanted to do the reverse," said Eom. "I dare say my works are a coexistence of sculpture and painting. Each of my 'shadow sculptures' is a 3D abstract artwork on its own, but also turn into 2D representational art via shadow."

Eom added he was attracted to the strength that metal represents, but at the same time wanted to give the material a twist - literally. He elaborately twists strips of metal to give them a softer and more flexible feel, while checking the shape of the shadow they create, one step at a time.

"Metal has a cold feel to it and metal sculptures have stark lines," he said, "but they transform into warmer and softer silhouettes as their shadows are dimply lit on the wall."

Eom thinks shadows are an effective medium to represent the concept of illusion, a theme on which he has long been fixated.

"Shadows are illusions; they don't have actual substance. But time is also an illusion," said Eom. "There is no real 'present'; it's either the past we remember or the future we imagine. My works mostly depict childhood memories and dreams, which are also illusions in my book. So I think shadows convey that message well."

Eom said he specifically selected cheerful themes for this exhibition under the theme of "passion," with shadows that portray people enjoying themselves with music, dance and other hobbies.

"I wanted to convey a brighter message to lighten up the mood during this difficult pandemic," Eom said.

"Although I chose happier images this time, I think shadow art can easily look grotesque depending on the lighting. In future exhibitions, I want to use shadows to represent darker, violent sides of society. But I hope we get over this pandemic first."

BY HALEY YANG [yang.hyunjoo@joongang.co.kr]

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Sculptor jumps dimensions with metal, light and shadows

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Pyo Gallery in Jongno District, central Seoul, is presenting "Illusion of Sculpture: Passion," a multi-dimensional shadow-art exhibition, through July 6. In it, abstract sculptures by Eom Ikk-hoon made with metal straps are displayed. Using light, shadows of the sculptures are projected on the walls to achieve dynamic images of people dancing, skateboarding, painting and playing musical instruments.

# data[].attributes.body
vocabulary
1) dominance 우위
2) osmetics 삼투압
3) manufacturer 제조자
4) extra 여분의
5) original 독창적인
6) public 공공의
7) following 뒤따르는
8) requested 요청한
9) oversupply 공급과잉
10) relationship 관계
11) adjust 조정하다
12) delivered 배달
13) asked 물었다
14) warehouse 창고
15) allegedly 전해지는 바에 의하면

summary
Cosmax accused of abusing beauty market dominance
J1 Cosmetics, a mid-sized cosmetics company, filed a complaint with the Fair Trade Commission against Cosmax, a cosmetics manufacturer, for forcing them to buy 200,000 sets of cosmetics at an unnecessary additional cost of more than 2.4 billion won.Despite having the highest global sales in the beauty industry, Cosmax accused them of unilaterally abusing their power by producing surplus products other than Jay. In order to maintain the relationship, he booked a large amount of cosmetics and maintained the relationship, but even before Cosmax confirmed the order, J1 received a production charge of 2.4 billion won for completing the order.

My thoughts
It is not right for cosmetics manufacturers to unilaterally produce surplus production to the other party because they are not as recognized as they are. I think it is unfair for the other party to pay a large amount of money by forcibly completing the order even before the order came in.
J1 releases a new brand with the singer and immediately sells it to place an order for logistics, but if you want to receive the product on time, you are already worried because you have already bought it. However, to maintain a good relationship, they hung drugs and canceled them, and by delivering them, the relationship between them deteriorated. I think I'll have a lot of worries, too. And if I had already placed an order before putting the goods in and exchanged them unilaterally, I would have sued them.
In addition, he criticized that cosmetics are too one-sided because they are made without considering the expiration date even when they are made in large quantities due to their expiration date. Brand cosmetics are also good, but the relationship between the two companies has worsened, raising questions about future businesses.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Cosmax accused of abusing beauty market dominance

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Cosmax accused of abusing beauty market dominance

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The last time Jang, a 28-year-old translator in Seoul, had her hair permed was early this year. After the country was hit hard by COVID-19, she had to put off visiting a hair salon for a treatment that would prolong her perm. Searching online, she found an electric hair cap that claimed to provide hair treatment effects.

"I have been reluctant to visit a hair salon because it was near a place where a COVID-19 patient had visited according to information provided by Seoul Metropolitan Government," said Jang. "Then I happened to see on the internet the electric hair cap. I was suspicious about its effectiveness. It looks weird and I was unfamiliar with such a device. But it turned out to be OK and I think I will use it as an alternative (to hair salon treatments) for a while."

Jang joins a legion of people who have become self-sufficient in beauty treatments they used to outsource to professionals, as the fear of COVID-19 infection keeps people at home. Terms such as "corona home beauty" or "corona self-care" have spread quickly through online communities over the past three months.

The nail salons that usually enjoy a peak season ahead of summer were particularly hit hard with a sharp decrease in customers.

"We do wear a face mask, but it seems people are still reluctant to get nails done because the customer and the manicurist have to sit opposite each other in close distance," said an owner of a nail salon in Seongnam, Gyeonggi Province, who declined to be named. "The number of regular customers has decreased at our shop, especially those who have children."

While people shun visits to beauty salons, the increased desire for self-care has led to an increase in the demand for beauty devices or self-care products such as electric hair caps, LED light therapy face masks and nail products.

Oh Hye-young, 31, has been putting off her regular appointment with the dermatologist. "I am relying on face scrub products and facial masks that I order online. It makes me uncomfortable thinking that someone would be touching my face when the pandemic spreads fast," she said.

LED light therapy face masks, which have grown in popularity rapidly over the past few years as home beauty products, have also become a sought-after alternative to visiting skin care salons. "We are definitely seeing more interest after COVID-19 broke out," said a public relations official from one of the leading LED mask manufacturers in Korea, who declined to be named.

"Self-care, or self-beauty, was already a trend in Korea, but the COVID-19 pandemic has fueled the trend, leading the market to grow rapidly," said Kim Kyung-yun, a professor of the beauty care department at Tongmyong University in Busan. "The boundary of professional beauticians has been collapsing gradually, and the nail beauty industry is at the center of the change. Many nail salons had been hit hard by self-nail beauty products even before the COVID-19 pandemic.

"The pandemic is escalating the change in lifestyle and beauty trend, and the professional beauty salons will have to seek ways to survive even after the pandemic."

By Park Yuna ( yunapark@heraldcorp.com)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
At-home beauty solutions encroach on professional beauticians' turf

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The last time Jang, a 28-year-old translator in Seoul, had her hair permed was early this year. After the country was hit hard by COVID-19, she had to put off visiting a hair salon for a treatment that would prolong her perm. Searching online, she found an electric hair cap that claimed to provide hair treatment effects.

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary[①]
1)propaganda 선전
2)outlets 아웃렛
3)slammed 쾅하고
4)combined 합쳐진
5)military 군대의
6)exercises 운동들
7)Weekly 주간
8)Sinbo 신보
9) Tongil 통일
10)Saturday 토요일
11)called 불린
12)Another 또다른
13)allies 동맹군
14)conducted 행해진
15)maintaining 유지의

[②]:North Korea criticized the joint military drill between South Korea and the United States for retreating the peace agreement.

[③]I think it's okay to continue the cooperative military training between Korea and continue. It could be an opportunity as well as pressure on North Korea.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Photo : YONHAP News

North Korean propaganda outlets slammed South Korea and the U.S. for their combined military exercises, such as the most recent one conducted by the Air Force.

Weekly Tongil Sinbo on Saturday called the latest drill an "imprudent" and "rash" act that retrogresses the peace process on the Korean Peninsula. It accused Seoul of being two-faced in calling for the peninsula's peace.

The outlet said not having military resources from the mainland U.S. or reducing the scope of the exercise doesn't change its aggressiveness or weaken its confrontational nature.

Another outlet Tongil Voice said the allies have conducted 146 drills this year for the purpose of maintaining the alliance and reinforcing their combined defense posture.

Casting no doubt that the exercises are practice for a war of aggression against the regime, the outlet accused Seoul of enforcing hostile policies.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
N. Korean Outlets Slam S. Korea, US for Joint Air Force Exercise

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Photo : YONHAP News North Korean propaganda outlets slammed South Korea and the U.S. for their combined military exercises, such as the most recent one conducted by the Air Force. Weekly Tongil Sinbo on Saturday called the latest drill an "imprudent" and "rash" act that retrogresses the peace process on the Korean Peninsula.

# data[].attributes.body
vocabulary list
1) realese 풀어 주다
2) achievement 성취
3) gap 격차
4) interfere 간섭하다
5) center 중심
6) exist 존재하다
7) remote 외딴
8) report 알리다
9) figure 수치
10) percentage 비율
11)ministry(정부의 각)부처
12)relatively 상대적으로
13)literature 문학
14)trigger 유발하다
15)engage 참가하다

Summary
Starting with distancing due to the outbreak of COVID-19, there have been many changes in life, of which remote classes have had a great influence on students. At first, the achievement gap is widening.Of course, the gap widened before COVID-19, but began to accelerate after COVID-19.
Due to remote learning, some students are lagging behind and are not continuously involved.As a result, the government promised to promote an improved interactive learning environment.The Ministry of Education says it prioritizes the expanded ratio of classes for students in the metropolitan area.Lastly, it is said that the number of COVID-19-related confirmed cases of teachers and students is increasing, promoting ways to cope with this well.

My opinion
As a student, it was honestly comfortable to take remote classes, but I think it will inevitably be less interesting than face-to-face classes. Of course,It has the advantage of being able to listen without time and space constraints. However, there seems to be a problem that this advantage lives only when you take classes properly.By doing remote classes, there is no response between teachers and students, so they do not take classes well, resulting in poor academic achievement. As in the article, academic achievement also appears objectively.Therefore, I think the quality of remote classes should be improved due to the COVID-19 crisis that does not know when it will end. If remote classes continue like this, academic achievement will crawl on the floor. The environment of remote classes is also a problem,The environment of remote classes is also a problem, but first, I hope the quality of remote classes will improve.

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary List
1.obtaining 획득
2.suspended 정지된
3.twins 쌍둥이
4.training 훈련
5.listing 목록작성
6.bullies 괴롭히는 사람
7.Embassy 대사관
8.Employment 고용
9.Departure 출국
10.including ~을 포함하다
11.allegations 혐의
12.banned 금지된
13.effectively 효과적으로
14.required 필수의
15Certificate 인증서
16.Agree 동의하다
17.Manipulation 조작
18.brute force 폭력
19.Sexual harassment 성희롱
20.overseas 해외의

Summary
The twins left the Korean V League in February after being embroiled in a scandal in which a pair of former middle school teammates accused of being bullied at school, and listed 21 specific charges, including claims that one of them threatened her with a knife. The Korean national team was suspended indefinitely and banned from maintaining its coaching position. Twin volleyball players Lee Jae-young and Lee Da-young arrived at Greek clubs and started playing for Greek club Paok Thessaloniki. The two flew to Greece on October 16 and obtained a work visa at the Greek Embassy on October 12.

My opinion
This means that they are not interested in caring about the psychological, physical, and mental wounds of the victims damaged by the perpetrators.
You have to visit the victim and apologize sincerely. I'm even more angry to see him move his nationality to Greece and get along well without apologizing properly to the victim.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Lee twins begin training with PAOK Thessaloniki

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Twin volleyball players Lee Jae-young and Lee Da-young have arrived in Greece to start playing for Greek club PAOK Thessaloniki.

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary List
1) ministry (정부의 각) 부처
2) fully 완전히, 충분히
3) resume 재개하다, 돌아가다
4) blame ...을 탓하다, 책임
5) government 정부, 정권
6)  proportion 부분, 비율
7) anonymity 익명, 특색 없음
8) in tandem 동시에, ...와 협력하여
9) refer 알아보도록 하다, 조회하다, 지시하다
10) kindergarten 유치원, 유아원
11) consideration 사려, 숙고, 고려 사항
12) concern 영향을 미치다, 배려, 우려
13) remote 외진, 외딴
14) consistently 일관하여, 지속적으로
15)  specifics 세부 사항

Summary
The Ministry of Education said it plans to resume face-to-face classes in the fall. This was because there are concerns that some students are lagging behind social development due to the learning gap between children caused by remote classes that began after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Currently, schools are conducting remote classes only for students up to two-thirds according to the government's COVID-19 policy.

My Opinion
As the article says, if there are children falling behind in learning due to remote classes, this is a huge problem. If everyone complies with social distancing and complies with quarantine rules, they will be able to protect children who are alienated from society. It is easy to lose awareness of COVID-19 because many people are currently vaccinated. However, quarantine rules should not be violated for those around you.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The education ministry is looking at fully resuming in-person classes in the fall, an official said Wednesday, as online classes have been blamed for widening learning gaps between children.

Currently, schools follow the government's COVID-19 guidelines in determining how many students are allowed to learn in-person while the rest study remotely. The proportions range from up to two-thirds capacity to online only, depending on the social distancing level in place.

The official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity, said the ministry is preparing for when the government introduces new COVID-19 social distancing rules, which it has said will happen in July if the country's daily caseload remains below 1,000.

"In tandem with the new social distancing guidelines, we're looking at fully reopening schools in the second semester, as much as is feasible," the official said, referring to all grades from kindergarten through Grade 12.

The considerations come amid growing concerns that some children are being left behind in their learning and social development due to increased remote learning since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The ministry has consistently pushed for expanding in-person classes, with school faculty and staff expected to be fully vaccinated before the start of the second semester in September.

"We plan to discuss the specifics in terms of how to implement the new social distancing rules (at schools) and how to strengthen antivirus measures," the official said. (Yonhap)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Education ministry looks at fully resuming in-person classes in fall

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The education ministry is looking at fully resuming in-person classes in the fall, an official said Wednesday, as online classes have been blamed for widening learning gaps between children. Currently, schools follow the government's COVID-19 guidelines in determining how many students are allowed to learn in-person while the rest study remotely.

# data[].attributes.body
After reading this article, I was reminded once again of the seriousness of the current corona crisis. And it was also found that the learning deviation was caused by the corona. Although not up to now, when this article was published, it was also possible to find content that the government made an effort to conduct face-to-face classes because it was during a video class due to the corona virus. And I was really proud of the medical staff in Korea who are working hard until the face-to-face class. I also vowed to work hard to become such a medical professional.

# data[].attributes.body
<Vocabulary>
Human rights activist: 인권운동가
recruitment: 모집
government: 정부
obtained: 얻은
resolve: 결심을 굳히다
sexual slavery: 성노예
press conference: 기자 회견
committee: 위원회
comfort woman: 위안부
opposition parties: 야당
independent: 독립의
implementation: 실행
ratified: 비준된
presidential candidate: 대통령 후보
blindsided : 사각의

summary
Lee, an old human rights activist, urged Japan to be responsible for the wartime atrocities. sexual slavery said that we discussed a solution . there were no countermeasures but only talked about Japan's cruel, inhumane, humiliating treatment or punishment.
So grandmother Lee, Japanese Military Sexual slavery, visited the government in person and made a remark. The Japanese government compensated with money, not proper compensation, and the government demanded legal responsibility.

my opinion
I was glad that Korea's Japanese Military Sexual Slavery grandmother was still alive, and I was a little angry because Japan still compensated only with money without proper compensation. Why did I do that when I think of Japanese Military Sexual Slavery? I hope the Korean government will also try and increase awareness of Japanese Military Sexual Slavery so that Japan can apologize properly by giving money without a true apology even though Japanese soldiers have bullied women in our country or their own countries by making sexual slavery.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Lee Yong-soo, a "comfort woman" survivor, met with leaders of ruling and opposition parties and urged that the Japanese military's wartime sexual slavery issue be resolved through the United Nations Committee Against Torture (CAT).

On Tuesday, 92-year-old Lee visited the National Assembly in western Seoul and held talks with ruling Democratic Party Chairman Song Yong-gil, after meeting with leaders of opposition parties over the past several days.

Lee, a longtime rights activist, has called for Japan to be held accountable for its wartime atrocities and also advocated the referral of the issue of the Imperial Japanese Army's forced recruitment of young women and girls into sexual slavery before and during World War II to The Hague-based International Court of Justice (ICJ).

Song told reporters after his private meeting with Lee, "In order to file a complaint with the ICJ, the Japanese government has to agree, but such consent is not being obtained."

The DP chief said that they discussed ways to resolve the wartime sexual slavery and said he will convey Lee's position to the government.

Lee in a press conference in February called to refer the wartime sexual slavery issue to the ICJ. She also formed a committee pushing for the referral of the comfort women issue to the international court.

However, the movement faced a roadblock in that an ICJ referral would require consent from both the Korean and Japanese governments.

On Oct. 26, Lee held another press conference urging the Korean government to resolve the issue through the CAT after facing difficulties referring it to the ICJ.

The Geneva-based CAT is a body of 10 independent human rights experts that monitors the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment which went into effect in 1987. South Korea ratified the convention in 1995 and Japan in 1999.

Unlike an ICJ referral, the Korean government doesn't need consent from Japan to bring the case to the CAT.

Lee urged the DP to take steps so that the Korean government can refer to the issue to the CAT. She also requested that DP presidential candidate Lee Jae-myung include swiftly resolving the comfort women issue in his campaign pledge.

On Monday, Lee met Kim Gi-hyeon, floor leader of the main opposition People Power Party (PPP), making a similar call to bring the issue to the UN committee, and Rep. Lee said he will review her request positively. She met with Kwon Eun-hee, floor leader of the minor opposition People's Party, on the same day.

Last Friday, Lee Yong-soo also met with the Justice Party's presidential candidate Sim Sang-jung, who said that she will push for a National Assembly resolution and also persuade the government to pursue the issue. Sim noted that the government may be passive, taking into consideration the bilateral relations between Korea and Japan, but said that "diplomatic and historical issues should be pursued separately."

Lee is one of just 13 surviving registered comfort women victims.

Seoul and Tokyo under previous administrations attempted to resolve the wartime slavery issue in a deal signed on Dec. 26, 2015, which included an apology by the Japanese government and a 1-billion-yen ($9 million) fund for the victims.

Some civic organizations and survivors felt blindsided by the deal and demanded the Japanese government take clearer legal responsibility. The Moon Jae-in administration said it would not scrap the 2015 bilateral deal, despite it being "flawed," but has also underscored that the agreement is not a true resolution of the issue.

New Japanese Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida was foreign minister at the time of the signing of the so-called comfort women agreement.

The Seoul Central District Court ruled on Jan. 8 that the Japanese government individually compensate a dozen women who were forced into wartime sexual slavery by the Japanese military during World War II, rejecting Tokyo's claims of state immunity, saying Japan had committed systemic crimes against humanity in violation of international standards and norms. Japan protested the ruling.

BY SARAH KIM [kim.sarah@joongang.co.kr]

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Lee Yong-soo urges 'comfort women' issue be taken to UN committee

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Lee Yong-soo, a "comfort woman" survivor, met with leaders of ruling and opposition parties and urged that the Japanese military's wartime sexual slavery issue be resolved through the United Nations Committee Against Torture (CAT).